Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018

Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018

Abstract Background Between May and July 2018, 4 Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) infections occurred in a remote Alaska community. We performed a public health response to prevent further illness and understand Hia carriage. Methods We collected oropharyngeal samples community-wide to evalua...

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Veröffentlicht in:Clinical infectious diseases 2021-07, Vol.73 (2), p.e280-e286
Hauptverfasser: Nolen, Leisha D, Tiffany, Amanda, DeByle, Carolynn, Bruden, Dana, Thompson, Gail, Reasonover, Alisa, Hurlburt, Debby, Mosites, Emily, Simons, Brenna C, Klejka, Joe, Castrodale, Louisa, McLaughlin, Joseph, Bruce, Michael G
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container_issue 2
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container_title Clinical infectious diseases
container_volume 73
creator Nolen, Leisha D
Tiffany, Amanda
DeByle, Carolynn
Bruden, Dana
Thompson, Gail
Reasonover, Alisa
Hurlburt, Debby
Mosites, Emily
Simons, Brenna C
Klejka, Joe
Castrodale, Louisa
McLaughlin, Joseph
Bruce, Michael G
description Abstract Background Between May and July 2018, 4 Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) infections occurred in a remote Alaska community. We performed a public health response to prevent further illness and understand Hia carriage. Methods We collected oropharyngeal samples community-wide to evaluate baseline carriage. Risk factors were evaluated by interview. We offered prophylactic rifampin to individuals in contact with invasive Hia patients (contacts) and to all children aged
doi_str_mv 10.1093/cid/ciaa750
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We performed a public health response to prevent further illness and understand Hia carriage. Methods We collected oropharyngeal samples community-wide to evaluate baseline carriage. Risk factors were evaluated by interview. We offered prophylactic rifampin to individuals in contact with invasive Hia patients (contacts) and to all children aged <10 years. Oropharyngeal samples were collected again 8 weeks after rifampin distribution. Samples were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction and culture. Results At baseline, 4 of 27 (14.8%) contacts and 7 of 364 (1.9%) noncontacts (P < .01) carried Hia. Contacts aged <10 years were more likely to carry Hia at any timepoint (11/18 [61%]) compared to contacts aged ≥10 years (3/34 [8.8%]), noncontacts aged <10 years (2/139 [1.4%]), and noncontacts ≥10 years (6/276 [2.2%]) (P < .001 for all). Hia carriers were clustered in 9 households (7% of total households). At the household level, carriage was associated with households with ≥1 contact (prevalence ratio [PR], 5.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–21.6]), crowding (PR, 7.7 [95% CI, 1.1–199.5]), and ≥3 tobacco users (PR, 5.0 [95% CI, 1.2–19.6]). Elevated carriage prevalence persisted in contacts compared to noncontacts 8 weeks after rifampin distribution (6/25 [24%] contacts, 2/114 [1.8%] noncontacts; P < .001). Conclusions Hia carriage prevalence was significantly higher among contacts than noncontacts. Rifampin prophylaxis did not result in a reduction of Hia carriage prevalence in this community. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) carriage prevalence in an outbreak community was significantly higher among people in contact with sick patients than the general community. Rifampin prophylaxis did not result in a reduction of Hia carriage prevalence in the community.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa750</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2021-07, Vol.73 (2), p.e280-e286</ispartof><rights>Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020. 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c297t-28c96e6388b54be5cc38c46c83fd540a93446d881bc422e036ea3f9a3fa2b0a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c297t-28c96e6388b54be5cc38c46c83fd540a93446d881bc422e036ea3f9a3fa2b0a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7885-9347</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nolen, Leisha D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiffany, Amanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeByle, Carolynn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruden, Dana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Gail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reasonover, Alisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hurlburt, Debby</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mosites, Emily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simons, Brenna C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klejka, Joe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castrodale, Louisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaughlin, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruce, Michael G</creatorcontrib><title>Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><description><![CDATA[Abstract Background Between May and July 2018, 4 Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) infections occurred in a remote Alaska community. We performed a public health response to prevent further illness and understand Hia carriage. Methods We collected oropharyngeal samples community-wide to evaluate baseline carriage. Risk factors were evaluated by interview. We offered prophylactic rifampin to individuals in contact with invasive Hia patients (contacts) and to all children aged <10 years. Oropharyngeal samples were collected again 8 weeks after rifampin distribution. Samples were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction and culture. Results At baseline, 4 of 27 (14.8%) contacts and 7 of 364 (1.9%) noncontacts (P < .01) carried Hia. Contacts aged <10 years were more likely to carry Hia at any timepoint (11/18 [61%]) compared to contacts aged ≥10 years (3/34 [8.8%]), noncontacts aged <10 years (2/139 [1.4%]), and noncontacts ≥10 years (6/276 [2.2%]) (P < .001 for all). Hia carriers were clustered in 9 households (7% of total households). At the household level, carriage was associated with households with ≥1 contact (prevalence ratio [PR], 5.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–21.6]), crowding (PR, 7.7 [95% CI, 1.1–199.5]), and ≥3 tobacco users (PR, 5.0 [95% CI, 1.2–19.6]). Elevated carriage prevalence persisted in contacts compared to noncontacts 8 weeks after rifampin distribution (6/25 [24%] contacts, 2/114 [1.8%] noncontacts; P < .001). Conclusions Hia carriage prevalence was significantly higher among contacts than noncontacts. Rifampin prophylaxis did not result in a reduction of Hia carriage prevalence in this community. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) carriage prevalence in an outbreak community was significantly higher among people in contact with sick patients than the general community. Rifampin prophylaxis did not result in a reduction of Hia carriage prevalence in the community.]]></description><issn>1058-4838</issn><issn>1537-6591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtPwzAQhC0EEqVw4g_4hIogYMd26hyr8GilShzae7RxN2DICzup1P56XLVnDqMdzX6awxByy9kTZ6l4NnYTBDBV7IyMuBLTKFEpPw-eKR1JLfQlufL-mzHONVMjsp8D1m33ZavBU9uU1YDNHpCu0LX9rkMKdDK3cE8zcM7CJwYoZKsaqorOKvA_QLO2rofG9js6K3t04Z2FtoNrS7potuDtFmlooS_WI3h8pDHj-ppclFB5vDndMVm_va6zebT8eF9ks2Vk4nTaR7E2aYKJ0LpQskBljNBGJkaLcqMkg1RImWy05oWRcYxMJAiiTIMgLhiIMZkcazvX_g7o-7y23mBVQYPt4PNY8jjVWoskoA9H1LjWe4dl3jlbg9vlnOWHgfMwcH4aONB3R7odun_BP59re3o</recordid><startdate>20210715</startdate><enddate>20210715</enddate><creator>Nolen, Leisha D</creator><creator>Tiffany, Amanda</creator><creator>DeByle, Carolynn</creator><creator>Bruden, Dana</creator><creator>Thompson, Gail</creator><creator>Reasonover, Alisa</creator><creator>Hurlburt, Debby</creator><creator>Mosites, Emily</creator><creator>Simons, Brenna C</creator><creator>Klejka, Joe</creator><creator>Castrodale, Louisa</creator><creator>McLaughlin, Joseph</creator><creator>Bruce, Michael G</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-9347</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210715</creationdate><title>Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018</title><author>Nolen, Leisha D ; Tiffany, Amanda ; DeByle, Carolynn ; Bruden, Dana ; Thompson, Gail ; Reasonover, Alisa ; Hurlburt, Debby ; Mosites, Emily ; Simons, Brenna C ; Klejka, Joe ; Castrodale, Louisa ; McLaughlin, Joseph ; Bruce, Michael G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c297t-28c96e6388b54be5cc38c46c83fd540a93446d881bc422e036ea3f9a3fa2b0a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nolen, Leisha D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiffany, Amanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeByle, Carolynn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruden, Dana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Gail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reasonover, Alisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hurlburt, Debby</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mosites, Emily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simons, Brenna C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klejka, Joe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castrodale, Louisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaughlin, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruce, Michael G</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nolen, Leisha D</au><au>Tiffany, Amanda</au><au>DeByle, Carolynn</au><au>Bruden, Dana</au><au>Thompson, Gail</au><au>Reasonover, Alisa</au><au>Hurlburt, Debby</au><au>Mosites, Emily</au><au>Simons, Brenna C</au><au>Klejka, Joe</au><au>Castrodale, Louisa</au><au>McLaughlin, Joseph</au><au>Bruce, Michael G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018</atitle><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle><date>2021-07-15</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e280</spage><epage>e286</epage><pages>e280-e286</pages><issn>1058-4838</issn><eissn>1537-6591</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Abstract Background Between May and July 2018, 4 Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) infections occurred in a remote Alaska community. We performed a public health response to prevent further illness and understand Hia carriage. Methods We collected oropharyngeal samples community-wide to evaluate baseline carriage. Risk factors were evaluated by interview. We offered prophylactic rifampin to individuals in contact with invasive Hia patients (contacts) and to all children aged <10 years. Oropharyngeal samples were collected again 8 weeks after rifampin distribution. Samples were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction and culture. Results At baseline, 4 of 27 (14.8%) contacts and 7 of 364 (1.9%) noncontacts (P < .01) carried Hia. Contacts aged <10 years were more likely to carry Hia at any timepoint (11/18 [61%]) compared to contacts aged ≥10 years (3/34 [8.8%]), noncontacts aged <10 years (2/139 [1.4%]), and noncontacts ≥10 years (6/276 [2.2%]) (P < .001 for all). Hia carriers were clustered in 9 households (7% of total households). At the household level, carriage was associated with households with ≥1 contact (prevalence ratio [PR], 5.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3–21.6]), crowding (PR, 7.7 [95% CI, 1.1–199.5]), and ≥3 tobacco users (PR, 5.0 [95% CI, 1.2–19.6]). Elevated carriage prevalence persisted in contacts compared to noncontacts 8 weeks after rifampin distribution (6/25 [24%] contacts, 2/114 [1.8%] noncontacts; P < .001). Conclusions Hia carriage prevalence was significantly higher among contacts than noncontacts. Rifampin prophylaxis did not result in a reduction of Hia carriage prevalence in this community. Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) carriage prevalence in an outbreak community was significantly higher among people in contact with sick patients than the general community. Rifampin prophylaxis did not result in a reduction of Hia carriage prevalence in the community.]]></abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><doi>10.1093/cid/ciaa750</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-9347</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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title Haemophilus influenzae Serotype a (Hia) Carriage in a Small Alaska Community After a Cluster of Invasive Hia Disease, 2018
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