Prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in motor vehicle drivers in Spain, 2018: Cross-sectional dataset analysis with studies from 2008 and 2013
•There were few cases of positives for drugs/alcohol in 2018 and 2013 than in 2008.•Driving after consumption of cannabis is more frequent than after alcohol.•Multiple drug use (without alcohol) increased from 2008 to 2018.•Roadside drug testing implementation contributed to the decrease in drugged...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Forensic science international 2020-08, Vol.313, p.110266-110266, Article 110266 |
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| creator | Herrera-Gómez, Francisco García-Mingo, Mercedes Álvarez, F. Javier |
| description | •There were few cases of positives for drugs/alcohol in 2018 and 2013 than in 2008.•Driving after consumption of cannabis is more frequent than after alcohol.•Multiple drug use (without alcohol) increased from 2008 to 2018.•Roadside drug testing implementation contributed to the decrease in drugged driving.•Presence of substances continues to be high among Spanish drivers.
Driving under the influence of substances is particularly common in developed countries. In Spain, in 2010, roadside oral fluid drug screening became mandatory, and in 2014, the zero tolerance legal system was established. The aim of the current study is to analyze the prevalence of alcohol (in breath) and drugs (in oral fluids) in a representative sample of motor vehicle drivers in Spain in 2018. This study focuses specifically on multiple substance use (i.e., polysubstance use), and seeks to analyze the factors associated with driving after consumption of substances, as well as the evolution of the presence of drugs in drivers from 2008, 2013 and 2018 studies. A total of 2881 drivers were included in this study. In 2018, alcohol was detected in 3.9 % of the cases, alcohol plus another substance(s) was found in 0.8 % of the cases, only one drug (excluding alcohol) made up 5.1 % of the cases and drivers testing positives to more than one drug at a time (apart from alcohol) constituted 1.1 %. There were less cases of positives for any drugs or alcohol in 2018 and 2013 (2018: 10.9 %, z=3.6, p=0.0003; 2013: 9.3 %, z=5.7, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110266 |
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Driving under the influence of substances is particularly common in developed countries. In Spain, in 2010, roadside oral fluid drug screening became mandatory, and in 2014, the zero tolerance legal system was established. The aim of the current study is to analyze the prevalence of alcohol (in breath) and drugs (in oral fluids) in a representative sample of motor vehicle drivers in Spain in 2018. This study focuses specifically on multiple substance use (i.e., polysubstance use), and seeks to analyze the factors associated with driving after consumption of substances, as well as the evolution of the presence of drugs in drivers from 2008, 2013 and 2018 studies. A total of 2881 drivers were included in this study. In 2018, alcohol was detected in 3.9 % of the cases, alcohol plus another substance(s) was found in 0.8 % of the cases, only one drug (excluding alcohol) made up 5.1 % of the cases and drivers testing positives to more than one drug at a time (apart from alcohol) constituted 1.1 %. There were less cases of positives for any drugs or alcohol in 2018 and 2013 (2018: 10.9 %, z=3.6, p=0.0003; 2013: 9.3 %, z=5.7, p<0.0001) than in 2008 (14.0 %), yet the frequency observed in 2018 is more than that of 2013 (z=2, p=0.05). Multiple drug use (without alcohol), increased from 0.5 % in 2008 to 1.1 % in 2018 (z=2.2, p=0.03). Alcohol/drug driving continues to be frequent in Spain, leading to the need for intervention in this field, particularly on polydrug use and driving.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0379-0738</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-6283</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110266</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32480287</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Accreditation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Alcohol ; Alcohols ; Amphetamines ; Breath Tests ; Cannabis ; Cocaine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Datasets ; Datasets as Topic ; Developed countries ; Drivers ; Driving ability ; Driving under the influence ; Driving Under the Influence - statistics & numerical data ; Drug screening ; Drug testing ; Drugs ; Ethanol - analysis ; Female ; Forensic sciences ; Holidays & special occasions ; Humans ; Illicit Drugs - analysis ; Laboratories ; Male ; Marijuana ; Methamphetamine ; Middle Aged ; Motor vehicles ; Narcotics ; Oral fluid ; Oral fluids ; Prevalence ; Psychotropic drugs ; Psychotropic Drugs - analysis ; Roadsides ; Saliva - chemistry ; Spain - epidemiology ; Statistical analysis ; Substance Abuse Detection ; Substance use ; Toxicology ; Traffic flow ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Forensic science international, 2020-08, Vol.313, p.110266-110266, Article 110266</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2020. Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-4b962865ef81f928e5c772e7d36e51416212531199c392d1f05140d95388bed33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-4b962865ef81f928e5c772e7d36e51416212531199c392d1f05140d95388bed33</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3110-692X ; 0000-0002-7566-5678</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073820301286$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32480287$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Herrera-Gómez, Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García-Mingo, Mercedes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Álvarez, F. Javier</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in motor vehicle drivers in Spain, 2018: Cross-sectional dataset analysis with studies from 2008 and 2013</title><title>Forensic science international</title><addtitle>Forensic Sci Int</addtitle><description>•There were few cases of positives for drugs/alcohol in 2018 and 2013 than in 2008.•Driving after consumption of cannabis is more frequent than after alcohol.•Multiple drug use (without alcohol) increased from 2008 to 2018.•Roadside drug testing implementation contributed to the decrease in drugged driving.•Presence of substances continues to be high among Spanish drivers.
Driving under the influence of substances is particularly common in developed countries. In Spain, in 2010, roadside oral fluid drug screening became mandatory, and in 2014, the zero tolerance legal system was established. The aim of the current study is to analyze the prevalence of alcohol (in breath) and drugs (in oral fluids) in a representative sample of motor vehicle drivers in Spain in 2018. This study focuses specifically on multiple substance use (i.e., polysubstance use), and seeks to analyze the factors associated with driving after consumption of substances, as well as the evolution of the presence of drugs in drivers from 2008, 2013 and 2018 studies. A total of 2881 drivers were included in this study. In 2018, alcohol was detected in 3.9 % of the cases, alcohol plus another substance(s) was found in 0.8 % of the cases, only one drug (excluding alcohol) made up 5.1 % of the cases and drivers testing positives to more than one drug at a time (apart from alcohol) constituted 1.1 %. There were less cases of positives for any drugs or alcohol in 2018 and 2013 (2018: 10.9 %, z=3.6, p=0.0003; 2013: 9.3 %, z=5.7, p<0.0001) than in 2008 (14.0 %), yet the frequency observed in 2018 is more than that of 2013 (z=2, p=0.05). Multiple drug use (without alcohol), increased from 0.5 % in 2008 to 1.1 % in 2018 (z=2.2, p=0.03). Alcohol/drug driving continues to be frequent in Spain, leading to the need for intervention in this field, particularly on polydrug use and driving.</description><subject>Accreditation</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Alcohols</subject><subject>Amphetamines</subject><subject>Breath Tests</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Cocaine</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Datasets as Topic</subject><subject>Developed countries</subject><subject>Drivers</subject><subject>Driving ability</subject><subject>Driving under the influence</subject><subject>Driving Under the Influence - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Drug screening</subject><subject>Drug testing</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Ethanol - analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forensic sciences</subject><subject>Holidays & special occasions</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illicit Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Methamphetamine</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Motor vehicles</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Oral fluid</subject><subject>Oral fluids</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Psychotropic drugs</subject><subject>Psychotropic Drugs - analysis</subject><subject>Roadsides</subject><subject>Saliva - chemistry</subject><subject>Spain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Substance Abuse Detection</subject><subject>Substance use</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Traffic flow</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0379-0738</issn><issn>1872-6283</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1u1DAUhS0EotPCK4AlNizI4J8kdthVIyhIlUAC1pbHvlE8ysSD7Uw1j8ObctMpXbBhZen6O-f-HEJec7bmjLfvd-s-puxCmMpaMIFVzkTbPiErrpWoWqHlU7JiUnUVU1JfkMucd4yxphHtc3IhRa2Z0GpFfn9LcLQjTA5o7KkdXRziSO3kaSwDJHrIJzdE60o4As3zNheLbKZhovtYYqJHGIIbgfqERLr_-H6wYXpHBeP6A92kmHOVAR3iZEfqbbEZCraw4ymHTO9CGWgusw9o26e4RyHT9yOgg3xBnvV2zPDy4b0iPz99_LH5XN1-vfmyub6tnOy6UtXbDrduG-g17zuhoXFKCVBettDwmreCi0Zy3nXIC897hlXmu0ZqvQUv5RV5e_Y9pPhrhlzMPmQH42gniHM2omZa16JRCtE3_6C7OCfcZ6FEXXOpJEdKnSm3XCBBbw4p7G06Gc7MkqLZmccUzZKiOaeIylcP_vN2D_5R9zc2BK7PAOBBjgGSQZclQx8SHtr4GP7b5A_mWLED</recordid><startdate>202008</startdate><enddate>202008</enddate><creator>Herrera-Gómez, Francisco</creator><creator>García-Mingo, Mercedes</creator><creator>Álvarez, F. 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Javier</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in motor vehicle drivers in Spain, 2018: Cross-sectional dataset analysis with studies from 2008 and 2013</atitle><jtitle>Forensic science international</jtitle><addtitle>Forensic Sci Int</addtitle><date>2020-08</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>313</volume><spage>110266</spage><epage>110266</epage><pages>110266-110266</pages><artnum>110266</artnum><issn>0379-0738</issn><eissn>1872-6283</eissn><abstract>•There were few cases of positives for drugs/alcohol in 2018 and 2013 than in 2008.•Driving after consumption of cannabis is more frequent than after alcohol.•Multiple drug use (without alcohol) increased from 2008 to 2018.•Roadside drug testing implementation contributed to the decrease in drugged driving.•Presence of substances continues to be high among Spanish drivers.
Driving under the influence of substances is particularly common in developed countries. In Spain, in 2010, roadside oral fluid drug screening became mandatory, and in 2014, the zero tolerance legal system was established. The aim of the current study is to analyze the prevalence of alcohol (in breath) and drugs (in oral fluids) in a representative sample of motor vehicle drivers in Spain in 2018. This study focuses specifically on multiple substance use (i.e., polysubstance use), and seeks to analyze the factors associated with driving after consumption of substances, as well as the evolution of the presence of drugs in drivers from 2008, 2013 and 2018 studies. A total of 2881 drivers were included in this study. In 2018, alcohol was detected in 3.9 % of the cases, alcohol plus another substance(s) was found in 0.8 % of the cases, only one drug (excluding alcohol) made up 5.1 % of the cases and drivers testing positives to more than one drug at a time (apart from alcohol) constituted 1.1 %. There were less cases of positives for any drugs or alcohol in 2018 and 2013 (2018: 10.9 %, z=3.6, p=0.0003; 2013: 9.3 %, z=5.7, p<0.0001) than in 2008 (14.0 %), yet the frequency observed in 2018 is more than that of 2013 (z=2, p=0.05). Multiple drug use (without alcohol), increased from 0.5 % in 2008 to 1.1 % in 2018 (z=2.2, p=0.03). Alcohol/drug driving continues to be frequent in Spain, leading to the need for intervention in this field, particularly on polydrug use and driving.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>32480287</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110266</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-692X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-5678</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Accreditation Adolescent Adult Age Alcohol Alcohols Amphetamines Breath Tests Cannabis Cocaine Cross-Sectional Studies Datasets Datasets as Topic Developed countries Drivers Driving ability Driving under the influence Driving Under the Influence - statistics & numerical data Drug screening Drug testing Drugs Ethanol - analysis Female Forensic sciences Holidays & special occasions Humans Illicit Drugs - analysis Laboratories Male Marijuana Methamphetamine Middle Aged Motor vehicles Narcotics Oral fluid Oral fluids Prevalence Psychotropic drugs Psychotropic Drugs - analysis Roadsides Saliva - chemistry Spain - epidemiology Statistical analysis Substance Abuse Detection Substance use Toxicology Traffic flow Young Adult |
| title | Prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances in motor vehicle drivers in Spain, 2018: Cross-sectional dataset analysis with studies from 2008 and 2013 |
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