Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults
Background As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy. Aims To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Met...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Aging clinical and experimental research 2021-04, Vol.33 (4), p.1023-1031 |
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creator | Kim, Hyo-Jung Lee, Joo-Young Lee, Eun-Song Jung, Hyo-Jung Ahn, Hyung-Joon Jung, Hoi In Kim, Baek-Il |
description | Background
As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy.
Aims
To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years.
Methods
Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks.
Results
After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved.
Discussion
These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults.
Conclusion
While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication.
Trial registration
KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2408539286</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2519567240</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6b97d3fcf3b575f943fb200a3f9dafe5f0ee032a9903b9920cea8cf9cfaa15573</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMtKxTAQhoMo3l_AhQTcuKlOkqZtliLeQBBR1yFNJ8dKL5q0HvXpTT3ecOFimMzkm3-Gn5AdBgcMID8MKUgOCUzBMsiStyWyzvJYFoKp5V_vNbIRwgNAymKxStYET_MMCrVOrm_q9rFB2nvTUHxBb-uAdF4P99Te47zuZnQ2ttT1nkbQ989T5wN2Y2eHuu9o3dG-qdBTU43NELbIijNNwO3PvEnuTk9uj8-Ty6uzi-Ojy8SKXA5JVqq8Es46UcpcOpUKV3IAI5yqjEPpABEEN0qBKJXiYNEU1inrjGFS5mKT7C9041VPI4ZBt3Ww2DSmw34MmqdQSKF4kUV07w_60I--i9dpLpmSWR7hSPEFZX0fgkenH33dGv-qGejJcL0wXMMUk-H6LQ7tfkqPZYvV98iXwxEQCyDEr26G_mf3P7LvYCeMZg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2519567240</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Kim, Hyo-Jung ; Lee, Joo-Young ; Lee, Eun-Song ; Jung, Hyo-Jung ; Ahn, Hyung-Joon ; Jung, Hoi In ; Kim, Baek-Il</creator><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyo-Jung ; Lee, Joo-Young ; Lee, Eun-Song ; Jung, Hyo-Jung ; Ahn, Hyung-Joon ; Jung, Hoi In ; Kim, Baek-Il</creatorcontrib><description>Background
As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy.
Aims
To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years.
Methods
Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks.
Results
After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved.
Discussion
These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults.
Conclusion
While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication.
Trial registration
KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1720-8319</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1594-0667</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1720-8319</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32476089</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Aged ; Chewing Gum ; Deglutition ; Dentistry ; Exercise ; Food ; Geriatrics/Gerontology ; Humans ; Intervention ; Life expectancy ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Older people ; Oral hygiene ; Original Article ; Saliva ; Salivation ; Tongue</subject><ispartof>Aging clinical and experimental research, 2021-04, Vol.33 (4), p.1023-1031</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020</rights><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6b97d3fcf3b575f943fb200a3f9dafe5f0ee032a9903b9920cea8cf9cfaa15573</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6b97d3fcf3b575f943fb200a3f9dafe5f0ee032a9903b9920cea8cf9cfaa15573</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8234-2327</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476089$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyo-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Joo-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Eun-Song</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Hyo-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Hyung-Joon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Hoi In</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Baek-Il</creatorcontrib><title>Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults</title><title>Aging clinical and experimental research</title><addtitle>Aging Clin Exp Res</addtitle><addtitle>Aging Clin Exp Res</addtitle><description>Background
As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy.
Aims
To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years.
Methods
Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks.
Results
After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved.
Discussion
These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults.
Conclusion
While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication.
Trial registration
KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Chewing Gum</subject><subject>Deglutition</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Geriatrics/Gerontology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Life expectancy</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Oral hygiene</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Saliva</subject><subject>Salivation</subject><subject>Tongue</subject><issn>1720-8319</issn><issn>1594-0667</issn><issn>1720-8319</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtKxTAQhoMo3l_AhQTcuKlOkqZtliLeQBBR1yFNJ8dKL5q0HvXpTT3ecOFimMzkm3-Gn5AdBgcMID8MKUgOCUzBMsiStyWyzvJYFoKp5V_vNbIRwgNAymKxStYET_MMCrVOrm_q9rFB2nvTUHxBb-uAdF4P99Te47zuZnQ2ttT1nkbQ989T5wN2Y2eHuu9o3dG-qdBTU43NELbIijNNwO3PvEnuTk9uj8-Ty6uzi-Ojy8SKXA5JVqq8Es46UcpcOpUKV3IAI5yqjEPpABEEN0qBKJXiYNEU1inrjGFS5mKT7C9041VPI4ZBt3Ww2DSmw34MmqdQSKF4kUV07w_60I--i9dpLpmSWR7hSPEFZX0fgkenH33dGv-qGejJcL0wXMMUk-H6LQ7tfkqPZYvV98iXwxEQCyDEr26G_mf3P7LvYCeMZg</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Kim, Hyo-Jung</creator><creator>Lee, Joo-Young</creator><creator>Lee, Eun-Song</creator><creator>Jung, Hyo-Jung</creator><creator>Ahn, Hyung-Joon</creator><creator>Jung, Hoi In</creator><creator>Kim, Baek-Il</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-2327</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults</title><author>Kim, Hyo-Jung ; Lee, Joo-Young ; Lee, Eun-Song ; Jung, Hyo-Jung ; Ahn, Hyung-Joon ; Jung, Hoi In ; Kim, Baek-Il</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6b97d3fcf3b575f943fb200a3f9dafe5f0ee032a9903b9920cea8cf9cfaa15573</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Chewing Gum</topic><topic>Deglutition</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Geriatrics/Gerontology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Life expectancy</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Oral hygiene</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Saliva</topic><topic>Salivation</topic><topic>Tongue</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyo-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Joo-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Eun-Song</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Hyo-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Hyung-Joon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Hoi In</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Baek-Il</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Aging clinical and experimental research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Hyo-Jung</au><au>Lee, Joo-Young</au><au>Lee, Eun-Song</au><au>Jung, Hyo-Jung</au><au>Ahn, Hyung-Joon</au><au>Jung, Hoi In</au><au>Kim, Baek-Il</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults</atitle><jtitle>Aging clinical and experimental research</jtitle><stitle>Aging Clin Exp Res</stitle><addtitle>Aging Clin Exp Res</addtitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1023</spage><epage>1031</epage><pages>1023-1031</pages><issn>1720-8319</issn><issn>1594-0667</issn><eissn>1720-8319</eissn><abstract>Background
As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy.
Aims
To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years.
Methods
Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks.
Results
After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved.
Discussion
These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults.
Conclusion
While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication.
Trial registration
KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>32476089</pmid><doi>10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-2327</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
subjects | Aged Chewing Gum Deglutition Dentistry Exercise Food Geriatrics/Gerontology Humans Intervention Life expectancy Medicine Medicine & Public Health Older people Oral hygiene Original Article Saliva Salivation Tongue |
title | Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults |
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