Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults

Background As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy. Aims To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Met...

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Veröffentlicht in:Aging clinical and experimental research 2021-04, Vol.33 (4), p.1023-1031
Hauptverfasser: Kim, Hyo-Jung, Lee, Joo-Young, Lee, Eun-Song, Jung, Hyo-Jung, Ahn, Hyung-Joon, Jung, Hoi In, Kim, Baek-Il
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container_end_page 1031
container_issue 4
container_start_page 1023
container_title Aging clinical and experimental research
container_volume 33
creator Kim, Hyo-Jung
Lee, Joo-Young
Lee, Eun-Song
Jung, Hyo-Jung
Ahn, Hyung-Joon
Jung, Hoi In
Kim, Baek-Il
description Background As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy. Aims To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks. Results After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved. Discussion These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults. Conclusion While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication. Trial registration KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z
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Aims To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks. Results After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved. Discussion These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults. Conclusion While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication. Trial registration KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1720-8319</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1594-0667</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1720-8319</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32476089</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Aged ; Chewing Gum ; Deglutition ; Dentistry ; Exercise ; Food ; Geriatrics/Gerontology ; Humans ; Intervention ; Life expectancy ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Older people ; Oral hygiene ; Original Article ; Saliva ; Salivation ; Tongue</subject><ispartof>Aging clinical and experimental research, 2021-04, Vol.33 (4), p.1023-1031</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020</rights><rights>Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6b97d3fcf3b575f943fb200a3f9dafe5f0ee032a9903b9920cea8cf9cfaa15573</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-6b97d3fcf3b575f943fb200a3f9dafe5f0ee032a9903b9920cea8cf9cfaa15573</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8234-2327</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476089$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Hyo-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Joo-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Eun-Song</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Hyo-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahn, Hyung-Joon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Hoi In</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Baek-Il</creatorcontrib><title>Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults</title><title>Aging clinical and experimental research</title><addtitle>Aging Clin Exp Res</addtitle><addtitle>Aging Clin Exp Res</addtitle><description>Background As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy. Aims To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks. Results After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved. Discussion These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults. Conclusion While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication. 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Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved. Discussion These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults. Conclusion While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication. Trial registration KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>32476089</pmid><doi>10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-2327</orcidid></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals
subjects Aged
Chewing Gum
Deglutition
Dentistry
Exercise
Food
Geriatrics/Gerontology
Humans
Intervention
Life expectancy
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Older people
Oral hygiene
Original Article
Saliva
Salivation
Tongue
title Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults
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