Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model
Accelerative effect of SOO on infected wound healing; (A) by inhibition in bacteria colonization and growth, (B) by up-regulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating tissue inflammation. (C) by raising the TAC level and reduced MDA content. (D) by up-...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2020-08, Vol.128, p.110120-110120, Article 110120 |
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| creator | Farahpour, Mohammad Reza Pirkhezr, Ehsan Ashrafian, Ali Sonboli, Ali |
| description | Accelerative effect of SOO on infected wound healing; (A) by inhibition in bacteria colonization and growth, (B) by up-regulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating tissue inflammation. (C) by raising the TAC level and reduced MDA content. (D) by up-regulating the VEGF and FGF-2 expression improves the angiogenesis and fibroblasts migrating, respectively. All these alterations resulted in improved collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.
[Display omitted]
•SOO inhibited bacteria colonization and growth at wound tissue.•SOO enhanced VEGF expression and improved the angiogenesis.•SOO enhanced FGF-2 expression and improved fibroblasts migration.•SOO accelerated collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.•SOO up-regulates the cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expressions and accelerated cell prolifration.
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is known to have antibacterial properties possibly conducive to the healing process of infected wounds.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ointment containing Salvia officinalis essential oil (SOO) on an infected wound model.
Essential oil hydrodistillated from the dried leaves of the plant was analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS. After creating two full-thickness cutaneous wounds, mice were classified into four groups, control, and animals treated with 2 % mupirocin® (standard positive drug), and 2 % and 4 % (w/w) of SOO. In order to evaluate the effects of SOO on the wound healing phases, the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry analysis, tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were further assessed in all groups.
Concerning essential oil, the main compounds were found to be cis-thujone (26.8 %), camphor (16.4 %), trans-thujone (14.1 %) and 1,8-cineole (10.8 %). Our findings showed that the topical application of SOO was able to shorten the inflammatory phase and accelerate the cellular proliferation, re-vascularization, collagen deposition and re-epithelialization in comparison to the control group (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110120 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]
•SOO inhibited bacteria colonization and growth at wound tissue.•SOO enhanced VEGF expression and improved the angiogenesis.•SOO enhanced FGF-2 expression and improved fibroblasts migration.•SOO accelerated collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.•SOO up-regulates the cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expressions and accelerated cell prolifration.
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is known to have antibacterial properties possibly conducive to the healing process of infected wounds.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ointment containing Salvia officinalis essential oil (SOO) on an infected wound model.
Essential oil hydrodistillated from the dried leaves of the plant was analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS. After creating two full-thickness cutaneous wounds, mice were classified into four groups, control, and animals treated with 2 % mupirocin® (standard positive drug), and 2 % and 4 % (w/w) of SOO. In order to evaluate the effects of SOO on the wound healing phases, the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry analysis, tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were further assessed in all groups.
Concerning essential oil, the main compounds were found to be cis-thujone (26.8 %), camphor (16.4 %), trans-thujone (14.1 %) and 1,8-cineole (10.8 %). Our findings showed that the topical application of SOO was able to shorten the inflammatory phase and accelerate the cellular proliferation, re-vascularization, collagen deposition and re-epithelialization in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased mRNA levels of FGF-2 and VEGF, and up-regulation of cyclin-D1 and Bcl-2 were observed following the topical application of SOO compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced in animals treated with SOO on days 3, 7 and 14 (p < 0.05).
Administration of SOO increased the TAC level and reduced the MDA content and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. It is concluded that SOO is able to accelerate the wound healing process by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and antioxidant properties.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0753-3322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1950-6007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110120</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32460189</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>France: Elsevier Masson SAS</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Administration, Cutaneous ; Angiogenesis ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification ; Collagen deposition ; Cyclin D1 - genetics ; Cyclin D1 - metabolism ; Cytokines - genetics ; Cytokines - metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - metabolism ; Infected wound healing ; Inflammation ; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oils, Volatile - administration & dosage ; Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification ; Plant Oils - administration & dosage ; Plant Oils - isolation & purification ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism ; Pseudomonas Infections - drug therapy ; Pseudomonas Infections - metabolism ; Pseudomonas Infections - microbiology ; Pseudomonas Infections - pathology ; Re-epithelialization ; Salvia officinalis - chemistry ; Salvia officinalis essential oil ; Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy ; Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism ; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections - pathology ; Time Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism ; Wound Healing - drug effects ; Wound Infection - drug therapy ; Wound Infection - metabolism ; Wound Infection - microbiology ; Wound Infection - pathology]]></subject><ispartof>Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 2020-08, Vol.128, p.110120-110120, Article 110120</ispartof><rights>2020 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-b42c89789e01d3d75dabe497b3bf66674eca9b4a2a8e432fe53bc97a238eb1b73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-b42c89789e01d3d75dabe497b3bf66674eca9b4a2a8e432fe53bc97a238eb1b73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110120$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32460189$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Farahpour, Mohammad Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirkhezr, Ehsan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashrafian, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonboli, Ali</creatorcontrib><title>Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model</title><title>Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy</title><addtitle>Biomed Pharmacother</addtitle><description>Accelerative effect of SOO on infected wound healing; (A) by inhibition in bacteria colonization and growth, (B) by up-regulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating tissue inflammation. (C) by raising the TAC level and reduced MDA content. (D) by up-regulating the VEGF and FGF-2 expression improves the angiogenesis and fibroblasts migrating, respectively. All these alterations resulted in improved collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.
[Display omitted]
•SOO inhibited bacteria colonization and growth at wound tissue.•SOO enhanced VEGF expression and improved the angiogenesis.•SOO enhanced FGF-2 expression and improved fibroblasts migration.•SOO accelerated collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.•SOO up-regulates the cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expressions and accelerated cell prolifration.
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is known to have antibacterial properties possibly conducive to the healing process of infected wounds.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ointment containing Salvia officinalis essential oil (SOO) on an infected wound model.
Essential oil hydrodistillated from the dried leaves of the plant was analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS. After creating two full-thickness cutaneous wounds, mice were classified into four groups, control, and animals treated with 2 % mupirocin® (standard positive drug), and 2 % and 4 % (w/w) of SOO. In order to evaluate the effects of SOO on the wound healing phases, the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry analysis, tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were further assessed in all groups.
Concerning essential oil, the main compounds were found to be cis-thujone (26.8 %), camphor (16.4 %), trans-thujone (14.1 %) and 1,8-cineole (10.8 %). Our findings showed that the topical application of SOO was able to shorten the inflammatory phase and accelerate the cellular proliferation, re-vascularization, collagen deposition and re-epithelialization in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased mRNA levels of FGF-2 and VEGF, and up-regulation of cyclin-D1 and Bcl-2 were observed following the topical application of SOO compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced in animals treated with SOO on days 3, 7 and 14 (p < 0.05).
Administration of SOO increased the TAC level and reduced the MDA content and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. It is concluded that SOO is able to accelerate the wound healing process by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and antioxidant properties.</description><subject>Administration, Cutaneous</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Collagen deposition</subject><subject>Cyclin D1 - genetics</subject><subject>Cyclin D1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Cytokines - genetics</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - genetics</subject><subject>Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Infected wound healing</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation Mediators - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Oils, Volatile - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Plant Oils - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Plant Oils - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Pseudomonas Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Pseudomonas Infections - metabolism</subject><subject>Pseudomonas Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Pseudomonas Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Re-epithelialization</subject><subject>Salvia officinalis - chemistry</subject><subject>Salvia officinalis essential oil</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics</subject><subject>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism</subject><subject>Wound Healing - drug effects</subject><subject>Wound Infection - drug therapy</subject><subject>Wound Infection - metabolism</subject><subject>Wound Infection - microbiology</subject><subject>Wound Infection - pathology</subject><issn>0753-3322</issn><issn>1950-6007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcGO1SAUhonROHdG38AYlm56pUBLuzGZTNQxmUST0TU5wOlcblqo0I65r-LTyk1Hly7IIYfv58D_E_KmZvua1e374974OB9gzxkvrdLj7BnZ1X3DqpYx9ZzsmGpEJQTnF-Qy5yNjrGlF95JcCC5bVnf9jvy-thZHTLCgoweE0YcHak50ibO3MFJwkw8-LwXwMdA40HsYHz2U3eCtD0WQKeaMYfEFj76sQL9lXF2cYoBMAdP64EPMQCE4er_AfDiN0UZr13K6JizFhwHt-Qm_4lqgKTocX5EXA4wZXz_VK_Lj08fvN7fV3dfPX26u7yorlVwqI7ntetX1yGonnGocGJS9MsIMbdsqiRZ6I4FDh1LwARthbK-Aiw5NbZS4Iu-2e-cUf66YFz35XEwZIWBcs-ay-Ni1Xc8LKjfUpphzwkHPyU-QTrpm-pyKPuotFX1ORW-pFNnbpwmrmdD9E_2NoQAfNgDLPx89Jp2tx2DR-VR80S76_0_4A90gpBQ</recordid><startdate>202008</startdate><enddate>202008</enddate><creator>Farahpour, Mohammad Reza</creator><creator>Pirkhezr, Ehsan</creator><creator>Ashrafian, Ali</creator><creator>Sonboli, Ali</creator><general>Elsevier Masson SAS</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202008</creationdate><title>Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model</title><author>Farahpour, Mohammad Reza ; Pirkhezr, Ehsan ; Ashrafian, Ali ; Sonboli, Ali</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-b42c89789e01d3d75dabe497b3bf66674eca9b4a2a8e432fe53bc97a238eb1b73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Administration, Cutaneous</topic><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Collagen deposition</topic><topic>Cyclin D1 - genetics</topic><topic>Cyclin D1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Cytokines - genetics</topic><topic>Cytokines - metabolism</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - genetics</topic><topic>Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Infected wound healing</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation Mediators - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Oils, Volatile - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Plant Oils - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Plant Oils - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Pseudomonas Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Pseudomonas Infections - metabolism</topic><topic>Pseudomonas Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Pseudomonas Infections - pathology</topic><topic>Re-epithelialization</topic><topic>Salvia officinalis - chemistry</topic><topic>Salvia officinalis essential oil</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - pathology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics</topic><topic>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism</topic><topic>Wound Healing - drug effects</topic><topic>Wound Infection - drug therapy</topic><topic>Wound Infection - metabolism</topic><topic>Wound Infection - microbiology</topic><topic>Wound Infection - pathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Farahpour, Mohammad Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirkhezr, Ehsan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ashrafian, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonboli, Ali</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Farahpour, Mohammad Reza</au><au>Pirkhezr, Ehsan</au><au>Ashrafian, Ali</au><au>Sonboli, Ali</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model</atitle><jtitle>Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Pharmacother</addtitle><date>2020-08</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>128</volume><spage>110120</spage><epage>110120</epage><pages>110120-110120</pages><artnum>110120</artnum><issn>0753-3322</issn><eissn>1950-6007</eissn><abstract>Accelerative effect of SOO on infected wound healing; (A) by inhibition in bacteria colonization and growth, (B) by up-regulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating tissue inflammation. (C) by raising the TAC level and reduced MDA content. (D) by up-regulating the VEGF and FGF-2 expression improves the angiogenesis and fibroblasts migrating, respectively. All these alterations resulted in improved collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.
[Display omitted]
•SOO inhibited bacteria colonization and growth at wound tissue.•SOO enhanced VEGF expression and improved the angiogenesis.•SOO enhanced FGF-2 expression and improved fibroblasts migration.•SOO accelerated collagen biosynthesis and re-epithelialization.•SOO up-regulates the cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 expressions and accelerated cell prolifration.
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is known to have antibacterial properties possibly conducive to the healing process of infected wounds.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an ointment containing Salvia officinalis essential oil (SOO) on an infected wound model.
Essential oil hydrodistillated from the dried leaves of the plant was analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS. After creating two full-thickness cutaneous wounds, mice were classified into four groups, control, and animals treated with 2 % mupirocin® (standard positive drug), and 2 % and 4 % (w/w) of SOO. In order to evaluate the effects of SOO on the wound healing phases, the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclin-D1, Bcl-2, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry analysis, tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were further assessed in all groups.
Concerning essential oil, the main compounds were found to be cis-thujone (26.8 %), camphor (16.4 %), trans-thujone (14.1 %) and 1,8-cineole (10.8 %). Our findings showed that the topical application of SOO was able to shorten the inflammatory phase and accelerate the cellular proliferation, re-vascularization, collagen deposition and re-epithelialization in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased mRNA levels of FGF-2 and VEGF, and up-regulation of cyclin-D1 and Bcl-2 were observed following the topical application of SOO compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced in animals treated with SOO on days 3, 7 and 14 (p < 0.05).
Administration of SOO increased the TAC level and reduced the MDA content and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. It is concluded that SOO is able to accelerate the wound healing process by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and antioxidant properties.</abstract><cop>France</cop><pub>Elsevier Masson SAS</pub><pmid>32460189</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110120</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 2020-08, Vol.128, p.110120-110120, Article 110120 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Administration, Cutaneous Angiogenesis Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification Collagen deposition Cyclin D1 - genetics Cyclin D1 - metabolism Cytokines - genetics Cytokines - metabolism Disease Models, Animal Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - genetics Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - metabolism Infected wound healing Inflammation Inflammation Mediators - metabolism Male Mice, Inbred BALB C Oils, Volatile - administration & dosage Oils, Volatile - isolation & purification Plant Oils - administration & dosage Plant Oils - isolation & purification Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism Pseudomonas Infections - drug therapy Pseudomonas Infections - metabolism Pseudomonas Infections - microbiology Pseudomonas Infections - pathology Re-epithelialization Salvia officinalis - chemistry Salvia officinalis essential oil Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcal Infections - pathology Time Factors Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism Wound Healing - drug effects Wound Infection - drug therapy Wound Infection - metabolism Wound Infection - microbiology Wound Infection - pathology |
| title | Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model |
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