How does normal variability in trunk flexion affect lower limb muscle activity during walking?
A large proportion of the mass of the body is contained within the trunk segment. Therefore, small changes in the inclination of this segment have the potential to influence the direction of the ground reaction force and alter lower limb joint moments and muscle activation patterns during walking. T...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human movement science 2020-08, Vol.72, p.102630-102630, Article 102630 |
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| creator | Alghamdi, Wael Preece, Stephen J. |
| description | A large proportion of the mass of the body is contained within the trunk segment. Therefore, small changes in the inclination of this segment have the potential to influence the direction of the ground reaction force and alter lower limb joint moments and muscle activation patterns during walking. The aim of this study was to investigate if variability in sagittal trunk inclination in healthy participants is associated with differences in lower limb biomechanics. Gait analysis data was collected on 41 healthy participants during walking. Two groups were defined based on habitual trunk flexion angle during normal walking, a forward lean group (n = 18) and a backward lean group (n = 17). Lower limb moments, muscle activation patterns and co-contraction levels were compared between the two groups using independent t-tests. The forward lean group walked with 5° more trunk flexion than the backward lean group. This difference was associated with a larger peak hip moment (effect size = 0.7) and higher activation of the lateral gastrocnemius (effect size =0.6) and the biceps femoris (effect size =0.7) muscles. The forward lean group also exhibited greater co-contraction in late stance (effect size =0.7). This is the first study to demonstrate that small differences in trunk flexion are associated with pronounced alterations in the activation of the lateral knee flexor muscles. This is important because people with knee osteoarthritis have been observed to walk with increased trunk flexion. It is possible that increased sagittal trunk inclination may be associated with elevated joint loads in people with knee osteoarthritis.
•The forward lean group walk with 5° more trunk flexion than the backward lean group.•The peak hip extensor moment was 28% larger in the forward lean group.•Increased knee flexor muscle activity was associated with increased trunk flexion.•Increased gastroc-quadriceps co-contraction was associated with more trunk flexion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102630 |
| format | Article |
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•The forward lean group walk with 5° more trunk flexion than the backward lean group.•The peak hip extensor moment was 28% larger in the forward lean group.•Increased knee flexor muscle activity was associated with increased trunk flexion.•Increased gastroc-quadriceps co-contraction was associated with more trunk flexion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-9457</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7646</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102630</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32452386</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Co-contraction ; Electromyography ; EMG ; Female ; Forward lean ; Gait Analysis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Knee - physiology ; Knee Joint - physiology ; Knee osteoarthritis ; Lower Extremity - physiology ; Lower limb ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Torso - physiology ; Trunk flexion ; Walking - physiology</subject><ispartof>Human movement science, 2020-08, Vol.72, p.102630-102630, Article 102630</ispartof><rights>2020</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-7979d96a3b44e358d826396d86318db64a4e90bfa759c901ce1627591a1ea8973</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-7979d96a3b44e358d826396d86318db64a4e90bfa759c901ce1627591a1ea8973</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2020.102630$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,27907,27908,45978</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32452386$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alghamdi, Wael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Preece, Stephen J.</creatorcontrib><title>How does normal variability in trunk flexion affect lower limb muscle activity during walking?</title><title>Human movement science</title><addtitle>Hum Mov Sci</addtitle><description>A large proportion of the mass of the body is contained within the trunk segment. Therefore, small changes in the inclination of this segment have the potential to influence the direction of the ground reaction force and alter lower limb joint moments and muscle activation patterns during walking. The aim of this study was to investigate if variability in sagittal trunk inclination in healthy participants is associated with differences in lower limb biomechanics. Gait analysis data was collected on 41 healthy participants during walking. Two groups were defined based on habitual trunk flexion angle during normal walking, a forward lean group (n = 18) and a backward lean group (n = 17). Lower limb moments, muscle activation patterns and co-contraction levels were compared between the two groups using independent t-tests. The forward lean group walked with 5° more trunk flexion than the backward lean group. This difference was associated with a larger peak hip moment (effect size = 0.7) and higher activation of the lateral gastrocnemius (effect size =0.6) and the biceps femoris (effect size =0.7) muscles. The forward lean group also exhibited greater co-contraction in late stance (effect size =0.7). This is the first study to demonstrate that small differences in trunk flexion are associated with pronounced alterations in the activation of the lateral knee flexor muscles. This is important because people with knee osteoarthritis have been observed to walk with increased trunk flexion. It is possible that increased sagittal trunk inclination may be associated with elevated joint loads in people with knee osteoarthritis.
•The forward lean group walk with 5° more trunk flexion than the backward lean group.•The peak hip extensor moment was 28% larger in the forward lean group.•Increased knee flexor muscle activity was associated with increased trunk flexion.•Increased gastroc-quadriceps co-contraction was associated with more trunk flexion.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Co-contraction</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>EMG</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forward lean</subject><subject>Gait Analysis</subject><subject>Healthy Volunteers</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Knee - physiology</subject><subject>Knee Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Knee osteoarthritis</subject><subject>Lower Extremity - physiology</subject><subject>Lower limb</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Osteoarthritis, Knee</subject><subject>Range of Motion, Articular</subject><subject>Torso - physiology</subject><subject>Trunk flexion</subject><subject>Walking - physiology</subject><issn>0167-9457</issn><issn>1872-7646</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMoun78AkFy9NI1adO0OYiI-AWCF70a0mSqWdNGk3ZX_72pqx49zTA87wzzIHRIyZwSyk8W85ex88t5TvJpkvOCbKAZras8qzjjm2iWqCoTrKx20G6MC0IIZ4xto50iZ2Ve1HyGnm78ChsPEfc-dMrhpQpWNdbZ4RPbHg9h7F9x6-DD-h6rtgU9YOdXELCzXYO7MWoHWOnBLqeIGYPtn_FKuddUz_bRVqtchIOfuocery4fLm6yu_vr24vzu0wzwoasEpUwgquiYQyKsjZ1-kZwU_OC1qbhTDEQpGlVVQotCNVAeZ56qiioWlTFHjpe730L_n2EOMjORg3OqR78GGXOCJ9ElDyhxRrVwccYoJVvwXYqfEpK5CRWLuS3WDmJlWuxKXX0c2BsOjB_mV-TCThdA5DeXFoIMmoLvQZjQ3Imjbf_HvgCFECKug</recordid><startdate>202008</startdate><enddate>202008</enddate><creator>Alghamdi, Wael</creator><creator>Preece, Stephen J.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202008</creationdate><title>How does normal variability in trunk flexion affect lower limb muscle activity during walking?</title><author>Alghamdi, Wael ; Preece, Stephen J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-7979d96a3b44e358d826396d86318db64a4e90bfa759c901ce1627591a1ea8973</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Co-contraction</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>EMG</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forward lean</topic><topic>Gait Analysis</topic><topic>Healthy Volunteers</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Knee - physiology</topic><topic>Knee Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Knee osteoarthritis</topic><topic>Lower Extremity - physiology</topic><topic>Lower limb</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Osteoarthritis, Knee</topic><topic>Range of Motion, Articular</topic><topic>Torso - physiology</topic><topic>Trunk flexion</topic><topic>Walking - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alghamdi, Wael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Preece, Stephen J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Human movement science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alghamdi, Wael</au><au>Preece, Stephen J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>How does normal variability in trunk flexion affect lower limb muscle activity during walking?</atitle><jtitle>Human movement science</jtitle><addtitle>Hum Mov Sci</addtitle><date>2020-08</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>72</volume><spage>102630</spage><epage>102630</epage><pages>102630-102630</pages><artnum>102630</artnum><issn>0167-9457</issn><eissn>1872-7646</eissn><abstract>A large proportion of the mass of the body is contained within the trunk segment. Therefore, small changes in the inclination of this segment have the potential to influence the direction of the ground reaction force and alter lower limb joint moments and muscle activation patterns during walking. The aim of this study was to investigate if variability in sagittal trunk inclination in healthy participants is associated with differences in lower limb biomechanics. Gait analysis data was collected on 41 healthy participants during walking. Two groups were defined based on habitual trunk flexion angle during normal walking, a forward lean group (n = 18) and a backward lean group (n = 17). Lower limb moments, muscle activation patterns and co-contraction levels were compared between the two groups using independent t-tests. The forward lean group walked with 5° more trunk flexion than the backward lean group. This difference was associated with a larger peak hip moment (effect size = 0.7) and higher activation of the lateral gastrocnemius (effect size =0.6) and the biceps femoris (effect size =0.7) muscles. The forward lean group also exhibited greater co-contraction in late stance (effect size =0.7). This is the first study to demonstrate that small differences in trunk flexion are associated with pronounced alterations in the activation of the lateral knee flexor muscles. This is important because people with knee osteoarthritis have been observed to walk with increased trunk flexion. It is possible that increased sagittal trunk inclination may be associated with elevated joint loads in people with knee osteoarthritis.
•The forward lean group walk with 5° more trunk flexion than the backward lean group.•The peak hip extensor moment was 28% larger in the forward lean group.•Increased knee flexor muscle activity was associated with increased trunk flexion.•Increased gastroc-quadriceps co-contraction was associated with more trunk flexion.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>32452386</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.humov.2020.102630</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Adult Biomechanical Phenomena Co-contraction Electromyography EMG Female Forward lean Gait Analysis Healthy Volunteers Humans Knee - physiology Knee Joint - physiology Knee osteoarthritis Lower Extremity - physiology Lower limb Male Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Osteoarthritis, Knee Range of Motion, Articular Torso - physiology Trunk flexion Walking - physiology |
| title | How does normal variability in trunk flexion affect lower limb muscle activity during walking? |
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