Bactericidal Lubricating Synthetic Materials for Three-dimensional Additive Assembly with Controlled Mechanical Properties

3D printable synthetic materials have been developed to realize desired surface and mechanical properties. Lubricating synthetic surfaces have broad technological impacts on many applications including food packaging, microfluidic system, and biomedical devices. However, combining soft materials with lubricants leads to significant phase separation and swelling phenomena, together with lowered mechanical strengths, impeding full utilization of lubricating synthetic surfaces with desired shapes in a highly controllable manner. Here we report a new platform to create a 3D printable lubricant-polymer composite (3D-LUBRIC) for the seamless fabrication of multi-dimensional structures with diverse functionalities. The rationally designed lubricant-polymer mixtures including silica aerogel particles not only exhibit suitable rheological properties for direct ink writing without phase separation, but also enable deterministic additive assembly of heterogeneous materials, which have large mismatches of oil permeability, with no distinct shape distortion. While exhibiting excellent lubricating properties for a variety of liquids, 3D-LUBRIC shows tunable mechanical properties with desired functionalities, such as, optical transparency, flexibility and stretchability, anti-icing, and anti-bacterial/bactericidal properties. We employ the proposed platform to fabricate self-cleanable containers and anti-bacterial/bactericidal medical tubes. Our platform can offer new opportunities of building up low-adhesive, multi-functional synthetic materials with customized shapes for diverse applications.