Running mechanics adjustments to perceptually-regulated interval runs in hypoxia and normoxia
We determined whether perceptually-regulated, high-intensity intermittent runs in hypoxia and normoxia induce similar running mechanics adjustments within and between intervals. Within-participants repeated measures. Nineteen trained runners completed a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of science and medicine in sport 2020-11, Vol.23 (11), p.1111-1116 |
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| creator | Li, Siu Nam Hobbins, Liam Morin, Jean-Benoit Ryu, Joong Hyun Gaoua, Nadia Hunter, Steve Girard, Olivier |
| description | We determined whether perceptually-regulated, high-intensity intermittent runs in hypoxia and normoxia induce similar running mechanics adjustments within and between intervals.
Within-participants repeated measures.
Nineteen trained runners completed a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (4×4-min intervals at a perceived rating exertion of 16 on the 6–20 Borg scale, 3-min passive recoveries) in either hypoxic (FiO2=0.15) or normoxic (FiO2=0.21) conditions. Running mechanics were collected over 10 consecutive steps, at constant velocity (∼15.0±2.0km.h−1), at the beginning and the end of each 4-min interval. Repeated measure ANOVA were used to assess within intervals (onset vs. end of each interval), between intervals (interval 1, 2, 3 vs. 4) and FiO2 (0.15 vs. 0.21) main effects and any potential interaction.
Participants progressively reduced running velocity from interval 1–4, and more so in hypoxia compared to normoxia for intervals 2, 3 and 4 (P0.298) and FiO2 (across all intervals P>0.082) main effects or any significant between intervals×within intervals×FiO2 interactions (all P>0.098) for any running mechanics variables. Irrespective of interval number or FiO2, peak loading rate (+10.6±7.7%; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.001 |
| format | Article |
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Within-participants repeated measures.
Nineteen trained runners completed a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (4×4-min intervals at a perceived rating exertion of 16 on the 6–20 Borg scale, 3-min passive recoveries) in either hypoxic (FiO2=0.15) or normoxic (FiO2=0.21) conditions. Running mechanics were collected over 10 consecutive steps, at constant velocity (∼15.0±2.0km.h−1), at the beginning and the end of each 4-min interval. Repeated measure ANOVA were used to assess within intervals (onset vs. end of each interval), between intervals (interval 1, 2, 3 vs. 4) and FiO2 (0.15 vs. 0.21) main effects and any potential interaction.
Participants progressively reduced running velocity from interval 1–4, and more so in hypoxia compared to normoxia for intervals 2, 3 and 4 (P<0.01). There were no between intervals (across all intervals P>0.298) and FiO2 (across all intervals P>0.082) main effects or any significant between intervals×within intervals×FiO2 interactions (all P>0.098) for any running mechanics variables. Irrespective of interval number or FiO2, peak loading rate (+10.6±7.7%; P<0.001) and duration of push-off phase (+2.0±3.1%; P=0.001) increased from the onset to the end of 4-min intervals, whereas peak push-off force decreased (−4.0±4.0%; P<0.001).
When carrying out perceptually-regulated interval treadmill runs, runners adjust to progressively slower velocities in hypoxia compared to normoxia. However, only subtle constant-velocity modifications of their mechanical behaviour occurred within each set, independently of FiO2 or interval number.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1440-2440</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-1861</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32381390</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Australia: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance - physiology ; Biomechanics ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Fitness equipment ; Heart rate ; High-Intensity Interval Training ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Instrumented treadmill ; Kinematics ; Laboratories ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physiology ; Rest ; Running ; Running - physiology ; Running kinematics ; Self-selected exercise ; Variance analysis ; Velocity ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2020-11, Vol.23 (11), p.1111-1116</ispartof><rights>2020 Sports Medicine Australia</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2020. Sports Medicine Australia</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-cad7d76a6e3e085871ec03b0e9086ed162a52b1dae098090fa669b2283c36b933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-cad7d76a6e3e085871ec03b0e9086ed162a52b1dae098090fa669b2283c36b933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2502615254?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995,64385,64387,64389,72341</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32381390$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Siu Nam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hobbins, Liam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morin, Jean-Benoit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryu, Joong Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaoua, Nadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Steve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Girard, Olivier</creatorcontrib><title>Running mechanics adjustments to perceptually-regulated interval runs in hypoxia and normoxia</title><title>Journal of science and medicine in sport</title><addtitle>J Sci Med Sport</addtitle><description>We determined whether perceptually-regulated, high-intensity intermittent runs in hypoxia and normoxia induce similar running mechanics adjustments within and between intervals.
Within-participants repeated measures.
Nineteen trained runners completed a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (4×4-min intervals at a perceived rating exertion of 16 on the 6–20 Borg scale, 3-min passive recoveries) in either hypoxic (FiO2=0.15) or normoxic (FiO2=0.21) conditions. Running mechanics were collected over 10 consecutive steps, at constant velocity (∼15.0±2.0km.h−1), at the beginning and the end of each 4-min interval. Repeated measure ANOVA were used to assess within intervals (onset vs. end of each interval), between intervals (interval 1, 2, 3 vs. 4) and FiO2 (0.15 vs. 0.21) main effects and any potential interaction.
Participants progressively reduced running velocity from interval 1–4, and more so in hypoxia compared to normoxia for intervals 2, 3 and 4 (P<0.01). There were no between intervals (across all intervals P>0.298) and FiO2 (across all intervals P>0.082) main effects or any significant between intervals×within intervals×FiO2 interactions (all P>0.098) for any running mechanics variables. Irrespective of interval number or FiO2, peak loading rate (+10.6±7.7%; P<0.001) and duration of push-off phase (+2.0±3.1%; P=0.001) increased from the onset to the end of 4-min intervals, whereas peak push-off force decreased (−4.0±4.0%; P<0.001).
When carrying out perceptually-regulated interval treadmill runs, runners adjust to progressively slower velocities in hypoxia compared to normoxia. However, only subtle constant-velocity modifications of their mechanical behaviour occurred within each set, independently of FiO2 or interval number.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletic Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Biomechanics</subject><subject>Exercise Test</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fitness equipment</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>High-Intensity Interval Training</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Instrumented treadmill</subject><subject>Kinematics</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Rest</subject><subject>Running</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Running kinematics</subject><subject>Self-selected exercise</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1440-2440</issn><issn>1878-1861</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEuL1TAUgIMozkN_gSABN25aT5ImTRcuZNBRGBiQmaWENDl3JqVNa9IO3n9vrnd04WI25wHfefAR8oZBzYCpD0M9ZDvlmgOHGpoagD0jp0y3umJaseelbhqoeAkn5CznAYDLVrQvyYngQjPRwSn58X2LMcQ7OqG7tzG4TK0ftrxOGNdM15kumBwu62bHcV8lvNtGu6KnIa6YHuxI0xZz6ej9fpl_BUtt9DTOaTo0r8iLnR0zvn7M5-T2y-ebi6_V1fXlt4tPV5VrOr1WzvrWt8oqFAha6pahA9EDdqAVeqa4lbxn3iJ0GjrYWaW6nnMtnFB9J8Q5eX_cu6T554Z5NVPIDsfRRpy3bHgDILnupCzou__QYd5SLN8ZLoErJrlsCiWOlEtzzgl3ZklhsmlvGJiDfTOYP_bNwb6BxhT7Zert4-6tn9D_m_mruwAfjwAWGQ8Bk8kuYHToQ0K3Gj-HJw_8Bo-hl30</recordid><startdate>202011</startdate><enddate>202011</enddate><creator>Li, Siu Nam</creator><creator>Hobbins, Liam</creator><creator>Morin, Jean-Benoit</creator><creator>Ryu, Joong Hyun</creator><creator>Gaoua, Nadia</creator><creator>Hunter, Steve</creator><creator>Girard, Olivier</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AYAGU</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202011</creationdate><title>Running mechanics adjustments to perceptually-regulated interval runs in hypoxia and normoxia</title><author>Li, Siu Nam ; Hobbins, Liam ; Morin, Jean-Benoit ; Ryu, Joong Hyun ; Gaoua, Nadia ; Hunter, Steve ; Girard, Olivier</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-cad7d76a6e3e085871ec03b0e9086ed162a52b1dae098090fa669b2283c36b933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletic Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Biomechanics</topic><topic>Exercise Test</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fitness equipment</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>High-Intensity Interval Training</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Instrumented treadmill</topic><topic>Kinematics</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Rest</topic><topic>Running</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>Running kinematics</topic><topic>Self-selected exercise</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Siu Nam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hobbins, Liam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morin, Jean-Benoit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryu, Joong Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaoua, Nadia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Steve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Girard, Olivier</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Australia & New Zealand Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of science and medicine in sport</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Siu Nam</au><au>Hobbins, Liam</au><au>Morin, Jean-Benoit</au><au>Ryu, Joong Hyun</au><au>Gaoua, Nadia</au><au>Hunter, Steve</au><au>Girard, Olivier</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Running mechanics adjustments to perceptually-regulated interval runs in hypoxia and normoxia</atitle><jtitle>Journal of science and medicine in sport</jtitle><addtitle>J Sci Med Sport</addtitle><date>2020-11</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1111</spage><epage>1116</epage><pages>1111-1116</pages><issn>1440-2440</issn><eissn>1878-1861</eissn><abstract>We determined whether perceptually-regulated, high-intensity intermittent runs in hypoxia and normoxia induce similar running mechanics adjustments within and between intervals.
Within-participants repeated measures.
Nineteen trained runners completed a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (4×4-min intervals at a perceived rating exertion of 16 on the 6–20 Borg scale, 3-min passive recoveries) in either hypoxic (FiO2=0.15) or normoxic (FiO2=0.21) conditions. Running mechanics were collected over 10 consecutive steps, at constant velocity (∼15.0±2.0km.h−1), at the beginning and the end of each 4-min interval. Repeated measure ANOVA were used to assess within intervals (onset vs. end of each interval), between intervals (interval 1, 2, 3 vs. 4) and FiO2 (0.15 vs. 0.21) main effects and any potential interaction.
Participants progressively reduced running velocity from interval 1–4, and more so in hypoxia compared to normoxia for intervals 2, 3 and 4 (P<0.01). There were no between intervals (across all intervals P>0.298) and FiO2 (across all intervals P>0.082) main effects or any significant between intervals×within intervals×FiO2 interactions (all P>0.098) for any running mechanics variables. Irrespective of interval number or FiO2, peak loading rate (+10.6±7.7%; P<0.001) and duration of push-off phase (+2.0±3.1%; P=0.001) increased from the onset to the end of 4-min intervals, whereas peak push-off force decreased (−4.0±4.0%; P<0.001).
When carrying out perceptually-regulated interval treadmill runs, runners adjust to progressively slower velocities in hypoxia compared to normoxia. However, only subtle constant-velocity modifications of their mechanical behaviour occurred within each set, independently of FiO2 or interval number.</abstract><cop>Australia</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>32381390</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.001</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Athletes Athletic Performance - physiology Biomechanics Exercise Test Female Fitness equipment Heart rate High-Intensity Interval Training Humans Hypoxia Instrumented treadmill Kinematics Laboratories Male Oxygen Consumption Physiology Rest Running Running - physiology Running kinematics Self-selected exercise Variance analysis Velocity Young Adult |
| title | Running mechanics adjustments to perceptually-regulated interval runs in hypoxia and normoxia |
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