Influence of variations in rainfall pattern on the hydrogeochemistry of coastal groundwater—an outcome of periodic observation
This study considered the temporal variations in rainfall and water level patterns as governing factors, which influence the geochemical process of coastal aquifer around Pondicherry, South India. Rainfall and water level data were collected from 2006 to 2016, which showed that the amount of rainfal...
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| creator | Rajendiran, Thilagavathi Sabarathinam, Chidambaram Chandrasekar, Thivya Keesari, Tirumalesh Senapathi, Venkatramanan Sivaraman, Pethaperumal Viswanathan, Prasanna Mohan Nagappan, Ganesh |
| description | This study considered the temporal variations in rainfall and water level patterns as governing factors, which influence the geochemical process of coastal aquifer around Pondicherry, South India. Rainfall and water level data were collected from 2006 to 2016, which showed that the amount of rainfall from 2006 to 2011 was higher than that of 2011 to 2016. To understand the geochemical process governing groundwater, samples were collected during 2006 (
n
= 54), followed by 2011 (
n
= 93), and during 2016 (
n
= 63) as part of continuous observation. The major ions and stable isotopes (δ
18
O and δD) were analyzed in the samples to determine the geochemical variations. The predominant types were noted as Na-HCO
3
and Na-Cl; Ca-HCO
3
and Ca-Mg-Cl; and Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Saturation states of sulfate and carbonate minerals were compared for the study periods and it indicates that the saturation index (SI) values were increased from 2006 to 2011, but decreased from 2011 to 2016. PHREEQC inverse modeling revealed the predominance for the dissolution and leaching of carbonate minerals during increased rainy periods, and the increase of halite saturation during lesser rainfall period. AQUACHEM mixing studies suggested that geochemical signatures of 2006 and 2011 were preserved in samples of 2016 in different proportions. Considering the major factors, the main processes prevailing in the study area were inferred to be dissolution and leaching during 2006~2011 years and seawater intrusion along with ion exchange during 2011~2016 years. In all these periods of study, anthropogenic impact was also identified in the groundwater samples. Hence, this study revealed that the rainfall and water level gave a significant variation in the geochemical process of groundwater in the coastal aquifer system. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-019-05962-w |
| format | Article |
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n
= 54), followed by 2011 (
n
= 93), and during 2016 (
n
= 63) as part of continuous observation. The major ions and stable isotopes (δ
18
O and δD) were analyzed in the samples to determine the geochemical variations. The predominant types were noted as Na-HCO
3
and Na-Cl; Ca-HCO
3
and Ca-Mg-Cl; and Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Saturation states of sulfate and carbonate minerals were compared for the study periods and it indicates that the saturation index (SI) values were increased from 2006 to 2011, but decreased from 2011 to 2016. PHREEQC inverse modeling revealed the predominance for the dissolution and leaching of carbonate minerals during increased rainy periods, and the increase of halite saturation during lesser rainfall period. AQUACHEM mixing studies suggested that geochemical signatures of 2006 and 2011 were preserved in samples of 2016 in different proportions. Considering the major factors, the main processes prevailing in the study area were inferred to be dissolution and leaching during 2006~2011 years and seawater intrusion along with ion exchange during 2011~2016 years. In all these periods of study, anthropogenic impact was also identified in the groundwater samples. Hence, this study revealed that the rainfall and water level gave a significant variation in the geochemical process of groundwater in the coastal aquifer system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05962-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31392611</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>anthropogenic activities ; Anthropogenic factors ; Aquatic Pollution ; Aquifer systems ; Aquifers ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Calcium ; carbonates ; Chemical analysis ; Coastal aquifers ; Coastal processes ; Deuterium - analysis ; Dissolution ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental science ; Geochemistry ; Groundwater ; Groundwater - analysis ; Groundwater - chemistry ; Halites ; Human influences ; Hydrogeochemistry ; India ; Ion Exchange ; Isotopes ; Leaching ; Magnesium ; Minerals ; Oxygen Isotopes - analysis ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Research Article ; Saline water intrusion ; Salt water intrusion ; saltwater intrusion ; Saturation ; Saturation index ; Seawater ; Sodium ; Stable isotopes ; Sulfates ; Temporal variations ; Waste Water Technology ; Water analysis ; Water levels ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019-10, Vol.26 (28), p.29173-29190</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Environmental Science and Pollution Research is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-52b0a22980c302087588832577034a68acf32808c4ca5a8cad7c1391dbc7a0663</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-52b0a22980c302087588832577034a68acf32808c4ca5a8cad7c1391dbc7a0663</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1698-1101</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-019-05962-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-019-05962-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31392611$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rajendiran, Thilagavathi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabarathinam, Chidambaram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandrasekar, Thivya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keesari, Tirumalesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senapathi, Venkatramanan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivaraman, Pethaperumal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viswanathan, Prasanna Mohan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagappan, Ganesh</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of variations in rainfall pattern on the hydrogeochemistry of coastal groundwater—an outcome of periodic observation</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>This study considered the temporal variations in rainfall and water level patterns as governing factors, which influence the geochemical process of coastal aquifer around Pondicherry, South India. Rainfall and water level data were collected from 2006 to 2016, which showed that the amount of rainfall from 2006 to 2011 was higher than that of 2011 to 2016. To understand the geochemical process governing groundwater, samples were collected during 2006 (
n
= 54), followed by 2011 (
n
= 93), and during 2016 (
n
= 63) as part of continuous observation. The major ions and stable isotopes (δ
18
O and δD) were analyzed in the samples to determine the geochemical variations. The predominant types were noted as Na-HCO
3
and Na-Cl; Ca-HCO
3
and Ca-Mg-Cl; and Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Saturation states of sulfate and carbonate minerals were compared for the study periods and it indicates that the saturation index (SI) values were increased from 2006 to 2011, but decreased from 2011 to 2016. PHREEQC inverse modeling revealed the predominance for the dissolution and leaching of carbonate minerals during increased rainy periods, and the increase of halite saturation during lesser rainfall period. AQUACHEM mixing studies suggested that geochemical signatures of 2006 and 2011 were preserved in samples of 2016 in different proportions. Considering the major factors, the main processes prevailing in the study area were inferred to be dissolution and leaching during 2006~2011 years and seawater intrusion along with ion exchange during 2011~2016 years. In all these periods of study, anthropogenic impact was also identified in the groundwater samples. Hence, this study revealed that the rainfall and water level gave a significant variation in the geochemical process of groundwater in the coastal aquifer system.</description><subject>anthropogenic activities</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Aquifer systems</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>carbonates</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Coastal aquifers</subject><subject>Coastal processes</subject><subject>Deuterium - analysis</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater - analysis</subject><subject>Groundwater - chemistry</subject><subject>Halites</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Hydrogeochemistry</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>Ion Exchange</subject><subject>Isotopes</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Oxygen Isotopes - analysis</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Saline water intrusion</subject><subject>Salt water intrusion</subject><subject>saltwater intrusion</subject><subject>Saturation</subject><subject>Saturation index</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Stable isotopes</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Temporal variations</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water levels</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkb9uFDEYxC0EIkfgBSiQJZo0Sz7_2bVdoiiBSJFoQm195_XebbRnH7Y3p-vyEDwhT4JzF0CigMqFfzPj8RDylsEHBqDOM2Oi7RpgpoHWdLzZPSML1jHZKGnMc7IAI2XDhJQn5FXOdwAcDFcvyYlgwvCOsQV5uA7DNPvgPI0Dvcc0YhljyHQMNOEYBpwmusVSfAo0BlrWnq73fYorH93ab8Zc0v5R6iLmghNdpTiHfodV8OPhO1bRXFzcHOy3Po2xHx2Ny-zT_SHpNXlRM7J_83Sekq9Xl7cXn5ubL5-uLz7eNE7KtjQtXwJybjQ4UWto1WqtBW-VAiGx0-gGwTVoJx22qB32ytWSrF86hdB14pScHX23KX6bfS62vt35acLg45wtF1orraD-6X9RrgCYVhIq-v4v9C7OKdQileoM561QqlL8SLkUc05-sNs0bjDtLQP7OKU9TmnrlPYwpd1V0bsn63m58f1vya_tKiCOQK5XYeXTn-x_2P4E9m6r8A</recordid><startdate>20191001</startdate><enddate>20191001</enddate><creator>Rajendiran, Thilagavathi</creator><creator>Sabarathinam, 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of variations in rainfall pattern on the hydrogeochemistry of coastal groundwater—an outcome of periodic observation</title><author>Rajendiran, Thilagavathi ; Sabarathinam, Chidambaram ; Chandrasekar, Thivya ; Keesari, Tirumalesh ; Senapathi, Venkatramanan ; Sivaraman, Pethaperumal ; Viswanathan, Prasanna Mohan ; Nagappan, Ganesh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-52b0a22980c302087588832577034a68acf32808c4ca5a8cad7c1391dbc7a0663</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>anthropogenic activities</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Aquifer systems</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>carbonates</topic><topic>Chemical analysis</topic><topic>Coastal aquifers</topic><topic>Coastal processes</topic><topic>Deuterium 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isotopes</topic><topic>Sulfates</topic><topic>Temporal variations</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water levels</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rajendiran, Thilagavathi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabarathinam, Chidambaram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandrasekar, Thivya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keesari, Tirumalesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Senapathi, Venkatramanan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivaraman, Pethaperumal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viswanathan, Prasanna Mohan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagappan, Ganesh</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE 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Ganesh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of variations in rainfall pattern on the hydrogeochemistry of coastal groundwater—an outcome of periodic observation</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2019-10-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>28</issue><spage>29173</spage><epage>29190</epage><pages>29173-29190</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>This study considered the temporal variations in rainfall and water level patterns as governing factors, which influence the geochemical process of coastal aquifer around Pondicherry, South India. Rainfall and water level data were collected from 2006 to 2016, which showed that the amount of rainfall from 2006 to 2011 was higher than that of 2011 to 2016. To understand the geochemical process governing groundwater, samples were collected during 2006 (
n
= 54), followed by 2011 (
n
= 93), and during 2016 (
n
= 63) as part of continuous observation. The major ions and stable isotopes (δ
18
O and δD) were analyzed in the samples to determine the geochemical variations. The predominant types were noted as Na-HCO
3
and Na-Cl; Ca-HCO
3
and Ca-Mg-Cl; and Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. Saturation states of sulfate and carbonate minerals were compared for the study periods and it indicates that the saturation index (SI) values were increased from 2006 to 2011, but decreased from 2011 to 2016. PHREEQC inverse modeling revealed the predominance for the dissolution and leaching of carbonate minerals during increased rainy periods, and the increase of halite saturation during lesser rainfall period. AQUACHEM mixing studies suggested that geochemical signatures of 2006 and 2011 were preserved in samples of 2016 in different proportions. Considering the major factors, the main processes prevailing in the study area were inferred to be dissolution and leaching during 2006~2011 years and seawater intrusion along with ion exchange during 2011~2016 years. In all these periods of study, anthropogenic impact was also identified in the groundwater samples. Hence, this study revealed that the rainfall and water level gave a significant variation in the geochemical process of groundwater in the coastal aquifer system.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>31392611</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-019-05962-w</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-1101</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019-10, Vol.26 (28), p.29173-29190 |
| issn | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | anthropogenic activities Anthropogenic factors Aquatic Pollution Aquifer systems Aquifers Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Calcium carbonates Chemical analysis Coastal aquifers Coastal processes Deuterium - analysis Dissolution Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Environmental science Geochemistry Groundwater Groundwater - analysis Groundwater - chemistry Halites Human influences Hydrogeochemistry India Ion Exchange Isotopes Leaching Magnesium Minerals Oxygen Isotopes - analysis Rain Rainfall Research Article Saline water intrusion Salt water intrusion saltwater intrusion Saturation Saturation index Seawater Sodium Stable isotopes Sulfates Temporal variations Waste Water Technology Water analysis Water levels Water Management Water Pollution Control Water sampling |
| title | Influence of variations in rainfall pattern on the hydrogeochemistry of coastal groundwater—an outcome of periodic observation |
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