Muscle mass loss after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging using pectoralis muscle area
Objectives The loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a predictor of poor survival and toxicity in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is pectoralis muscle area (PMA) variation, reflecting loss of skeletal muscle mass, on consecutive MRI examinations afte...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European radiology 2020-08, Vol.30 (8), p.4234-4241 |
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| creator | Rossi, Federica Torri, Lorenzo Lambertini, Matteo De Giorgis, Sara Calabrese, Massimo Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano |
| description | Objectives
The loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a predictor of poor survival and toxicity in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is pectoralis muscle area (PMA) variation, reflecting loss of skeletal muscle mass, on consecutive MRI examinations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
The retrospective study protocol was approved by our institutional review board. A total of
n
= 110 consecutive patients (mean age 56 ± 11 years) who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for histologically proven primary breast cancer between January 2017 and January 2019 and in whom tumor response was checked with standard breast MRI were included. Two radiologists calculated the pectoralis muscle cross-sectional area before and after NAC.
Results
Time between the MRI examinations, before starting NAC and after completing NAC, was 166.8 ± 50 days. PMA calculated pre-NAC (8.14 cm
2
) was larger than PMA calculated post-NAC (7.03 cm
2
) (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00330-020-06799-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2385270168</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2420335802</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-fad53bdd8b0b04424734ccf4bd7a34eb811b093077ba4f8c4c8c7abb6e9aae663</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kctu1TAQhi0EoqeFF2CBLLFhE_AtscMOVVCQitjA2ho7k9McJc7BTir1JXhm5pBSJBYsPJY831x-_4y9kOKNFMK-LUJoLSqh6DS2bav6EdtJo1UlhTOP2U602lWUMGfsvJSDEKKVxj5lZ1oprayzO_bzy1riiHyCUvg4U4B-wcwTztAd1ltIC483OM3LDWY43vEh8ZARCj1DipjfcSzLMMEyzInPD8kJ9gmXIfKMZU4nkhO0H9Ker-UUjxiXOcM4FD5tKwBVPmNPehgLPr-_L9j3jx--XX6qrr9efb58f11Fbeul6qGrdeg6F0QQxihjtYmxN6GzoA0GJ2Ug8cLaAKZ30UQXLYTQYAuATaMv2Out7zHPP1ZS4KehRBxHIOFr8Uq7WlkhG0foq3_Qw7zmRNt5ZRQ5UDuhiFIbFTN9YsbeHzMJzndeCn9yy29ueXLL_3bL11T08r71GibsHkr-2EOA3oBCqbTH_Hf2f9r-AnJao0s</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2420335802</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Muscle mass loss after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging using pectoralis muscle area</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Rossi, Federica ; Torri, Lorenzo ; Lambertini, Matteo ; De Giorgis, Sara ; Calabrese, Massimo ; Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano</creator><creatorcontrib>Rossi, Federica ; Torri, Lorenzo ; Lambertini, Matteo ; De Giorgis, Sara ; Calabrese, Massimo ; Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
The loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a predictor of poor survival and toxicity in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is pectoralis muscle area (PMA) variation, reflecting loss of skeletal muscle mass, on consecutive MRI examinations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
The retrospective study protocol was approved by our institutional review board. A total of
n
= 110 consecutive patients (mean age 56 ± 11 years) who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for histologically proven primary breast cancer between January 2017 and January 2019 and in whom tumor response was checked with standard breast MRI were included. Two radiologists calculated the pectoralis muscle cross-sectional area before and after NAC.
Results
Time between the MRI examinations, before starting NAC and after completing NAC, was 166.8 ± 50 days. PMA calculated pre-NAC (8.14 cm
2
) was larger than PMA calculated post-NAC (7.03 cm
2
) (
p
< 0.001). According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, there were no significant differences between responders (complete or partial response) and non-responders (
p
= 0.362). The multivariate regression analysis did not show any significant relationships between ΔPMA and age, time between MRI exams, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor status (HER-2), Ki-67 expression, lymph node status, RECIST criteria, histological type, average lesion size, molecular categories, and grade. Inter-reader (
k
= 0.72) and intra-reader agreement (0.69 and 0.71) in PMA assessment were good.
Conclusions
Pectoralis muscle mass varies in breast cancer patients undergoing NAC and this difference can be estimated directly on standard breast MRI.
Key Points
• Pectoralis muscle area variation reflects loss of skeletal muscle mass.
• Pectoralis muscle area on MRI is reduced after NAC.
• Pectoralis muscle mass loss seems independent from other variables.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0938-7994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06799-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32232787</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast ; Breast cancer ; Breast Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms - pathology ; Breast Neoplasms - therapy ; Chemotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Criteria ; Diagnostic Radiology ; Epidermal growth factor ; ErbB-2 protein ; Estrogens ; Evaluation ; Female ; Growth factors ; Humans ; Imaging ; Independent variables ; Internal Medicine ; Interventional Radiology ; Lymph nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mathematical analysis ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Musculoskeletal system ; Neoadjuvant Therapy - methods ; Neuroradiology ; Pectoralis Muscles - diagnostic imaging ; Pectoralis Muscles - pathology ; Progesterone ; Radiology ; Receptors ; Regression analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skeletal muscle ; Solid tumors ; Toxicity ; Tumors ; Ultrasound</subject><ispartof>European radiology, 2020-08, Vol.30 (8), p.4234-4241</ispartof><rights>European Society of Radiology 2020</rights><rights>European Society of Radiology 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-fad53bdd8b0b04424734ccf4bd7a34eb811b093077ba4f8c4c8c7abb6e9aae663</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-fad53bdd8b0b04424734ccf4bd7a34eb811b093077ba4f8c4c8c7abb6e9aae663</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00330-020-06799-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00330-020-06799-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32232787$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rossi, Federica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torri, Lorenzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambertini, Matteo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Giorgis, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calabrese, Massimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano</creatorcontrib><title>Muscle mass loss after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging using pectoralis muscle area</title><title>European radiology</title><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><description>Objectives
The loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a predictor of poor survival and toxicity in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is pectoralis muscle area (PMA) variation, reflecting loss of skeletal muscle mass, on consecutive MRI examinations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
The retrospective study protocol was approved by our institutional review board. A total of
n
= 110 consecutive patients (mean age 56 ± 11 years) who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for histologically proven primary breast cancer between January 2017 and January 2019 and in whom tumor response was checked with standard breast MRI were included. Two radiologists calculated the pectoralis muscle cross-sectional area before and after NAC.
Results
Time between the MRI examinations, before starting NAC and after completing NAC, was 166.8 ± 50 days. PMA calculated pre-NAC (8.14 cm
2
) was larger than PMA calculated post-NAC (7.03 cm
2
) (
p
< 0.001). According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, there were no significant differences between responders (complete or partial response) and non-responders (
p
= 0.362). The multivariate regression analysis did not show any significant relationships between ΔPMA and age, time between MRI exams, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor status (HER-2), Ki-67 expression, lymph node status, RECIST criteria, histological type, average lesion size, molecular categories, and grade. Inter-reader (
k
= 0.72) and intra-reader agreement (0.69 and 0.71) in PMA assessment were good.
Conclusions
Pectoralis muscle mass varies in breast cancer patients undergoing NAC and this difference can be estimated directly on standard breast MRI.
Key Points
• Pectoralis muscle area variation reflects loss of skeletal muscle mass.
• Pectoralis muscle area on MRI is reduced after NAC.
• Pectoralis muscle mass loss seems independent from other variables.</description><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor</subject><subject>Breast</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</subject><subject>Criteria</subject><subject>Diagnostic Radiology</subject><subject>Epidermal growth factor</subject><subject>ErbB-2 protein</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Independent variables</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Interventional Radiology</subject><subject>Lymph nodes</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>Neoadjuvant Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>Pectoralis Muscles - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Pectoralis Muscles - pathology</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Skeletal muscle</subject><subject>Solid tumors</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><issn>0938-7994</issn><issn>1432-1084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctu1TAQhi0EoqeFF2CBLLFhE_AtscMOVVCQitjA2ho7k9McJc7BTir1JXhm5pBSJBYsPJY831x-_4y9kOKNFMK-LUJoLSqh6DS2bav6EdtJo1UlhTOP2U602lWUMGfsvJSDEKKVxj5lZ1oprayzO_bzy1riiHyCUvg4U4B-wcwTztAd1ltIC483OM3LDWY43vEh8ZARCj1DipjfcSzLMMEyzInPD8kJ9gmXIfKMZU4nkhO0H9Ker-UUjxiXOcM4FD5tKwBVPmNPehgLPr-_L9j3jx--XX6qrr9efb58f11Fbeul6qGrdeg6F0QQxihjtYmxN6GzoA0GJ2Ug8cLaAKZ30UQXLYTQYAuATaMv2Out7zHPP1ZS4KehRBxHIOFr8Uq7WlkhG0foq3_Qw7zmRNt5ZRQ5UDuhiFIbFTN9YsbeHzMJzndeCn9yy29ueXLL_3bL11T08r71GibsHkr-2EOA3oBCqbTH_Hf2f9r-AnJao0s</recordid><startdate>20200801</startdate><enddate>20200801</enddate><creator>Rossi, Federica</creator><creator>Torri, Lorenzo</creator><creator>Lambertini, Matteo</creator><creator>De Giorgis, Sara</creator><creator>Calabrese, Massimo</creator><creator>Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200801</creationdate><title>Muscle mass loss after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging using pectoralis muscle area</title><author>Rossi, Federica ; Torri, Lorenzo ; Lambertini, Matteo ; De Giorgis, Sara ; Calabrese, Massimo ; Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-fad53bdd8b0b04424734ccf4bd7a34eb811b093077ba4f8c4c8c7abb6e9aae663</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Biomarkers, Tumor</topic><topic>Breast</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</topic><topic>Criteria</topic><topic>Diagnostic Radiology</topic><topic>Epidermal growth factor</topic><topic>ErbB-2 protein</topic><topic>Estrogens</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Independent variables</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Interventional Radiology</topic><topic>Lymph nodes</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal system</topic><topic>Neoadjuvant Therapy - methods</topic><topic>Neuroradiology</topic><topic>Pectoralis Muscles - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Pectoralis Muscles - pathology</topic><topic>Progesterone</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Receptors</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Skeletal muscle</topic><topic>Solid tumors</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rossi, Federica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torri, Lorenzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lambertini, Matteo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Giorgis, Sara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calabrese, Massimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rossi, Federica</au><au>Torri, Lorenzo</au><au>Lambertini, Matteo</au><au>De Giorgis, Sara</au><au>Calabrese, Massimo</au><au>Tagliafico, Alberto Stefano</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Muscle mass loss after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging using pectoralis muscle area</atitle><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><date>2020-08-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>4234</spage><epage>4241</epage><pages>4234-4241</pages><issn>0938-7994</issn><eissn>1432-1084</eissn><abstract>Objectives
The loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a predictor of poor survival and toxicity in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is pectoralis muscle area (PMA) variation, reflecting loss of skeletal muscle mass, on consecutive MRI examinations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
The retrospective study protocol was approved by our institutional review board. A total of
n
= 110 consecutive patients (mean age 56 ± 11 years) who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for histologically proven primary breast cancer between January 2017 and January 2019 and in whom tumor response was checked with standard breast MRI were included. Two radiologists calculated the pectoralis muscle cross-sectional area before and after NAC.
Results
Time between the MRI examinations, before starting NAC and after completing NAC, was 166.8 ± 50 days. PMA calculated pre-NAC (8.14 cm
2
) was larger than PMA calculated post-NAC (7.03 cm
2
) (
p
< 0.001). According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, there were no significant differences between responders (complete or partial response) and non-responders (
p
= 0.362). The multivariate regression analysis did not show any significant relationships between ΔPMA and age, time between MRI exams, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor status (HER-2), Ki-67 expression, lymph node status, RECIST criteria, histological type, average lesion size, molecular categories, and grade. Inter-reader (
k
= 0.72) and intra-reader agreement (0.69 and 0.71) in PMA assessment were good.
Conclusions
Pectoralis muscle mass varies in breast cancer patients undergoing NAC and this difference can be estimated directly on standard breast MRI.
Key Points
• Pectoralis muscle area variation reflects loss of skeletal muscle mass.
• Pectoralis muscle area on MRI is reduced after NAC.
• Pectoralis muscle mass loss seems independent from other variables.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>32232787</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00330-020-06799-5</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0938-7994 |
| ispartof | European radiology, 2020-08, Vol.30 (8), p.4234-4241 |
| issn | 0938-7994 1432-1084 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Biomarkers, Tumor Breast Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging Breast Neoplasms - pathology Breast Neoplasms - therapy Chemotherapy Chemotherapy, Adjuvant Criteria Diagnostic Radiology Epidermal growth factor ErbB-2 protein Estrogens Evaluation Female Growth factors Humans Imaging Independent variables Internal Medicine Interventional Radiology Lymph nodes Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mathematical analysis Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Muscles Musculoskeletal system Neoadjuvant Therapy - methods Neuroradiology Pectoralis Muscles - diagnostic imaging Pectoralis Muscles - pathology Progesterone Radiology Receptors Regression analysis Retrospective Studies Skeletal muscle Solid tumors Toxicity Tumors Ultrasound |
| title | Muscle mass loss after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging using pectoralis muscle area |
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