Photo-transformation of graphene oxide in the presence of co-existing metal ions regulated its toxicity to freshwater algae
Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are unstable in aqueous environments, and the effect of photo-transformation on GO toxicity to freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that GO underwent photo-reduction under 25-day sunlight irradiation, and the transformation wa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water research (Oxford) 2020-06, Vol.176, p.115735-115735, Article 115735 |
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| creator | Zhao, Jian Ning, Fangyuan Cao, Xuesong Yao, Huan Wang, Zhenyu Xing, Baoshan |
| description | Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are unstable in aqueous environments, and the effect of photo-transformation on GO toxicity to freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that GO underwent photo-reduction under 25-day sunlight irradiation, and the transformation was generally completed at Day 8. The toxicological investigation showed that 8-day sunlight irradiation significantly increased growth inhibition of GO (25 mg/L) to algal cells by 11.2%, due to enhanced oxidative stress and stronger membrane damage. Low molecular weight (LMW) species were produced during the 8-day GO transformation, and they were identified as two types of aromatic compounds, which played a crucial role in increasing toxicity. The combined toxicity of GO and Cu2+ ions before and after light irradiation was further investigated. Antagonistic effect was observed between the toxicity of pristine GO and co-existing Cu2+ ions. After co-irradiation of GO and Cu2+ ions for 8 days, their combined toxicity was unexpectedly lower or insignificant in comparison with the treatments of pristine GO, or pristine GO in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Two mechanisms were revealed for this finding: (1) Cu2+ ions suppressed the photo-transformation of GO; (2) the toxicity of free Cu2+ ions was decreased through the adsorption/retention of Cu2+ ions and formation of Cu-based nanoparticles (e.g., Cu2O and Cu2S) on the photo-transformed GO. The provided data are helpful for better understanding the environmental process and risk of GO under natural conditions.
[Display omitted]
•Photo-transformation significantly increased the GO toxicity to algal cells.•LMW species played a crucial role in increased toxicity.•After photo-transformation, the joint toxicity of GO and Cu2+ was decreased.•Cu2+ suppressed photo-transformation of GO.•Cu2+ was photo-transformed and formed to Cu2O and Cu2S nanoparticles on TGO surface. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115735 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]
•Photo-transformation significantly increased the GO toxicity to algal cells.•LMW species played a crucial role in increased toxicity.•After photo-transformation, the joint toxicity of GO and Cu2+ was decreased.•Cu2+ suppressed photo-transformation of GO.•Cu2+ was photo-transformed and formed to Cu2O and Cu2S nanoparticles on TGO surface.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115735</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32224330</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Chlorella ; Combined toxicity ; Fresh Water ; Graphene oxide ; Graphite ; Heavy metal ; Ions ; Membrane damage ; Metals ; Photo-transformation ; Water Pollutants, Chemical</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2020-06, Vol.176, p.115735-115735, Article 115735</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-a719b24bae87f548563d39f807cd3f2314d791b85b7bb8fd6dec7f2d02ce93843</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-a719b24bae87f548563d39f807cd3f2314d791b85b7bb8fd6dec7f2d02ce93843</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115735$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224330$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ning, Fangyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Xuesong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yao, Huan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhenyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xing, Baoshan</creatorcontrib><title>Photo-transformation of graphene oxide in the presence of co-existing metal ions regulated its toxicity to freshwater algae</title><title>Water research (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><description>Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are unstable in aqueous environments, and the effect of photo-transformation on GO toxicity to freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that GO underwent photo-reduction under 25-day sunlight irradiation, and the transformation was generally completed at Day 8. The toxicological investigation showed that 8-day sunlight irradiation significantly increased growth inhibition of GO (25 mg/L) to algal cells by 11.2%, due to enhanced oxidative stress and stronger membrane damage. Low molecular weight (LMW) species were produced during the 8-day GO transformation, and they were identified as two types of aromatic compounds, which played a crucial role in increasing toxicity. The combined toxicity of GO and Cu2+ ions before and after light irradiation was further investigated. Antagonistic effect was observed between the toxicity of pristine GO and co-existing Cu2+ ions. After co-irradiation of GO and Cu2+ ions for 8 days, their combined toxicity was unexpectedly lower or insignificant in comparison with the treatments of pristine GO, or pristine GO in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Two mechanisms were revealed for this finding: (1) Cu2+ ions suppressed the photo-transformation of GO; (2) the toxicity of free Cu2+ ions was decreased through the adsorption/retention of Cu2+ ions and formation of Cu-based nanoparticles (e.g., Cu2O and Cu2S) on the photo-transformed GO. The provided data are helpful for better understanding the environmental process and risk of GO under natural conditions.
[Display omitted]
•Photo-transformation significantly increased the GO toxicity to algal cells.•LMW species played a crucial role in increased toxicity.•After photo-transformation, the joint toxicity of GO and Cu2+ was decreased.•Cu2+ suppressed photo-transformation of GO.•Cu2+ was photo-transformed and formed to Cu2O and Cu2S nanoparticles on TGO surface.</description><subject>Chlorella</subject><subject>Combined toxicity</subject><subject>Fresh Water</subject><subject>Graphene oxide</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Heavy metal</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Membrane damage</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Photo-transformation</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1uGyEURlGVqnHSvkFVscxmXP7Gw2wiRVbaRLLULto1YuBiY80MDjCJo7x8sSbJsiuu0PnuBwehr5QsKaGr7_vlk84R0pIRVq5o3fD6A1pQ2bQVE0KeoQUhgleU1-IcXaS0J4QwxttP6JwzxgTnZIFefu9CDlWOekwuxEFnH0YcHN5GfdjBCDgcvQXsR5x3gA-lEEYDJ8KECo4-ZT9u8QBZ97hEE46wnXqdwWKfE84lbnx-LgN2Jbwrj4aIdb_V8Bl9dLpP8OX1vER_f9z-Wd9Vm18_79c3m8oIInOlG9p2THQaZONqIesVt7x1kjTGcsc4FbZpaSfrruk66ezKgmkcs4QZaLkU_BJdzXsPMTxMkLIafDLQ93qEMCXFCiSFaJksqJhRE0NKEZw6RD_o-KwoUSftaq9m7eqkXc3aS-zba8PUDWDfQ2-eC3A9A1D--eghqmT8SaT1EUxWNvj_N_wDV8uYEw</recordid><startdate>20200601</startdate><enddate>20200601</enddate><creator>Zhao, Jian</creator><creator>Ning, Fangyuan</creator><creator>Cao, Xuesong</creator><creator>Yao, Huan</creator><creator>Wang, Zhenyu</creator><creator>Xing, Baoshan</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200601</creationdate><title>Photo-transformation of graphene oxide in the presence of co-existing metal ions regulated its toxicity to freshwater algae</title><author>Zhao, Jian ; Ning, Fangyuan ; Cao, Xuesong ; Yao, Huan ; Wang, Zhenyu ; Xing, Baoshan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-a719b24bae87f548563d39f807cd3f2314d791b85b7bb8fd6dec7f2d02ce93843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Chlorella</topic><topic>Combined toxicity</topic><topic>Fresh Water</topic><topic>Graphene oxide</topic><topic>Graphite</topic><topic>Heavy metal</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Membrane damage</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Photo-transformation</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ning, Fangyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Xuesong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yao, Huan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zhenyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xing, Baoshan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhao, Jian</au><au>Ning, Fangyuan</au><au>Cao, Xuesong</au><au>Yao, Huan</au><au>Wang, Zhenyu</au><au>Xing, Baoshan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Photo-transformation of graphene oxide in the presence of co-existing metal ions regulated its toxicity to freshwater algae</atitle><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><date>2020-06-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>176</volume><spage>115735</spage><epage>115735</epage><pages>115735-115735</pages><artnum>115735</artnum><issn>0043-1354</issn><eissn>1879-2448</eissn><abstract>Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are unstable in aqueous environments, and the effect of photo-transformation on GO toxicity to freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that GO underwent photo-reduction under 25-day sunlight irradiation, and the transformation was generally completed at Day 8. The toxicological investigation showed that 8-day sunlight irradiation significantly increased growth inhibition of GO (25 mg/L) to algal cells by 11.2%, due to enhanced oxidative stress and stronger membrane damage. Low molecular weight (LMW) species were produced during the 8-day GO transformation, and they were identified as two types of aromatic compounds, which played a crucial role in increasing toxicity. The combined toxicity of GO and Cu2+ ions before and after light irradiation was further investigated. Antagonistic effect was observed between the toxicity of pristine GO and co-existing Cu2+ ions. After co-irradiation of GO and Cu2+ ions for 8 days, their combined toxicity was unexpectedly lower or insignificant in comparison with the treatments of pristine GO, or pristine GO in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Two mechanisms were revealed for this finding: (1) Cu2+ ions suppressed the photo-transformation of GO; (2) the toxicity of free Cu2+ ions was decreased through the adsorption/retention of Cu2+ ions and formation of Cu-based nanoparticles (e.g., Cu2O and Cu2S) on the photo-transformed GO. The provided data are helpful for better understanding the environmental process and risk of GO under natural conditions.
[Display omitted]
•Photo-transformation significantly increased the GO toxicity to algal cells.•LMW species played a crucial role in increased toxicity.•After photo-transformation, the joint toxicity of GO and Cu2+ was decreased.•Cu2+ suppressed photo-transformation of GO.•Cu2+ was photo-transformed and formed to Cu2O and Cu2S nanoparticles on TGO surface.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>32224330</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2020.115735</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Chlorella Combined toxicity Fresh Water Graphene oxide Graphite Heavy metal Ions Membrane damage Metals Photo-transformation Water Pollutants, Chemical |
| title | Photo-transformation of graphene oxide in the presence of co-existing metal ions regulated its toxicity to freshwater algae |
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