A patient with recurrent palpitations and unusual anatomy

CS coronary sinus, RA right atrium RV right ventricle SP slow pathway TV tricuspid valve, SVC superior vena cava, IV innominate vein, AV azygos vein, HAV hemiazygos vein, HV hepatic veins, RRV right renal vein, LRV left renal vein IVC atresia with CA continuity is a rare congenital anomaly that results from lack of interruption of the right cardinal vein at the level of the diaphragm during embryological development [1]. [...]the intrahepatic trajectory of the IVC is not formed, and the hepatic veins will drain separately into the right atrium. Transseptal puncture and catheter ablation via the superior vena cava approach for persistent atrial fibrillation in a patient with polysplenia syndrome and interruption of the inferior vena cava: contact force-guided pulmonary vein isolation.