One-step rapid extraction of phytosterols from vegetable oils
[Display omitted] •The new phytosterol method was optimized and validated.•The new phytosterol method is easy to carry out.•The new phytosterol method is quick, precise and accurate. The conditions for the extraction of phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) from vegetal oils were...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food research international 2020-04, Vol.130, p.108891-108891, Article 108891 |
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| creator | Almeida, Claudia Aparecida Silva Baggio, Sueli Regina Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros Bragagnolo, Neura |
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•The new phytosterol method was optimized and validated.•The new phytosterol method is easy to carry out.•The new phytosterol method is quick, precise and accurate.
The conditions for the extraction of phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) from vegetal oils were optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM). A 24 central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables: sample weight (g), saponification temperature (°C), saponification time (h) and number of extractions (n). The CCRD was carried out in 27 trials, including eight axial and three central points; and the response variables were the contents of campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and total phytosterols. The optimized conditions established by the RSM were 0.3 g of sample, saponification for 3 h at 50 °C and 4 extractions with n-hexane. Satisfactory values for linearity, recovery, repeatability, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (2.0–2.3 mg/100 g) and quantification (6.5–7.7 mg/100 g) were achieved. The optimized method was also validated by comparison with the official AOCS method, and the contents of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) when determined by both methods. However, low values (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108891 |
| format | Article |
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•The new phytosterol method was optimized and validated.•The new phytosterol method is easy to carry out.•The new phytosterol method is quick, precise and accurate.
The conditions for the extraction of phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) from vegetal oils were optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM). A 24 central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables: sample weight (g), saponification temperature (°C), saponification time (h) and number of extractions (n). The CCRD was carried out in 27 trials, including eight axial and three central points; and the response variables were the contents of campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and total phytosterols. The optimized conditions established by the RSM were 0.3 g of sample, saponification for 3 h at 50 °C and 4 extractions with n-hexane. Satisfactory values for linearity, recovery, repeatability, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (2.0–2.3 mg/100 g) and quantification (6.5–7.7 mg/100 g) were achieved. The optimized method was also validated by comparison with the official AOCS method, and the contents of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) when determined by both methods. However, low values (p < 0.05) for campesterol were found when the samples were analyzed by the AOCS method. The method optimized and validated in the present work is easy to carry out, fast and accurate. The method was successfully applied to sunflower, canola, corn, soybean and olive oils, and the lowest contents of total phytosterols were found in olive oil while and the highest amounts, in corn oil.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0963-9969</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7145</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108891</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32156349</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Campesterol ; Canola oil ; Cholesterol - analogs & derivatives ; Cholesterol - chemistry ; Chromatography, Gas ; Corn oil ; Food Handling - methods ; GC-FID ; GC–MS ; Olive oil ; Phytosterols - chemistry ; Plant Oils - chemistry ; Sitosterols - chemistry ; Soybean oil ; Stigmasterol ; Stigmasterol - chemistry ; Sunflower oil ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; β-sitosterol</subject><ispartof>Food research international, 2020-04, Vol.130, p.108891-108891, Article 108891</ispartof><rights>2019</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-cbf0d99c5ca3ad78e57381d5d3b211c529e975c274a9abe88ba3309b1aa649f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-cbf0d99c5ca3ad78e57381d5d3b211c529e975c274a9abe88ba3309b1aa649f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096399691930777X$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32156349$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Almeida, Claudia Aparecida Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baggio, Sueli Regina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bragagnolo, Neura</creatorcontrib><title>One-step rapid extraction of phytosterols from vegetable oils</title><title>Food research international</title><addtitle>Food Res Int</addtitle><description>[Display omitted]
•The new phytosterol method was optimized and validated.•The new phytosterol method is easy to carry out.•The new phytosterol method is quick, precise and accurate.
The conditions for the extraction of phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) from vegetal oils were optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM). A 24 central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables: sample weight (g), saponification temperature (°C), saponification time (h) and number of extractions (n). The CCRD was carried out in 27 trials, including eight axial and three central points; and the response variables were the contents of campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and total phytosterols. The optimized conditions established by the RSM were 0.3 g of sample, saponification for 3 h at 50 °C and 4 extractions with n-hexane. Satisfactory values for linearity, recovery, repeatability, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (2.0–2.3 mg/100 g) and quantification (6.5–7.7 mg/100 g) were achieved. The optimized method was also validated by comparison with the official AOCS method, and the contents of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) when determined by both methods. However, low values (p < 0.05) for campesterol were found when the samples were analyzed by the AOCS method. The method optimized and validated in the present work is easy to carry out, fast and accurate. The method was successfully applied to sunflower, canola, corn, soybean and olive oils, and the lowest contents of total phytosterols were found in olive oil while and the highest amounts, in corn oil.</description><subject>Campesterol</subject><subject>Canola oil</subject><subject>Cholesterol - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Cholesterol - chemistry</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>Corn oil</subject><subject>Food Handling - methods</subject><subject>GC-FID</subject><subject>GC–MS</subject><subject>Olive oil</subject><subject>Phytosterols - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Oils - chemistry</subject><subject>Sitosterols - chemistry</subject><subject>Soybean oil</subject><subject>Stigmasterol</subject><subject>Stigmasterol - chemistry</subject><subject>Sunflower oil</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>β-sitosterol</subject><issn>0963-9969</issn><issn>1873-7145</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMtOwzAQRS0EoqXwCaAs2aT4EcfxAiFU8ZIqddO95dgTcJXUwXYR_XtSpbBlNdLMuTOag9A1wXOCSXm3mTfe2wBxTjGRQ6-qJDlBU1IJlgtS8FM0xbJkuZSlnKCLGDcY45ILeY4mjBJeskJO0f1qC3lM0GdB985m8J2CNsn5beabrP_YJz9Mg29j1gTfZV_wDknXLWTetfESnTW6jXB1rDO0fn5aL17z5erlbfG4zE0hqpSbusFWSsONZtqKCrhgFbHcspoSYjiVIAU3VBRa6hqqqtaMYVkTrctCNmyGbse1ffCfO4hJdS4aaFu9Bb-LijJRUlZQiQeUj6gJPsYAjeqD63TYK4LVQZzaqKM4dRCnRnFD7uZ4Yld3YP9Sv6YG4GEEYPjzy0FQ0TjYGrAugEnKevfPiR98VoIc</recordid><startdate>202004</startdate><enddate>202004</enddate><creator>Almeida, Claudia Aparecida Silva</creator><creator>Baggio, Sueli Regina</creator><creator>Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros</creator><creator>Bragagnolo, Neura</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202004</creationdate><title>One-step rapid extraction of phytosterols from vegetable oils</title><author>Almeida, Claudia Aparecida Silva ; Baggio, Sueli Regina ; Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros ; Bragagnolo, Neura</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-cbf0d99c5ca3ad78e57381d5d3b211c529e975c274a9abe88ba3309b1aa649f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Campesterol</topic><topic>Canola oil</topic><topic>Cholesterol - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Cholesterol - chemistry</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>Corn oil</topic><topic>Food Handling - methods</topic><topic>GC-FID</topic><topic>GC–MS</topic><topic>Olive oil</topic><topic>Phytosterols - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Oils - chemistry</topic><topic>Sitosterols - chemistry</topic><topic>Soybean oil</topic><topic>Stigmasterol</topic><topic>Stigmasterol - chemistry</topic><topic>Sunflower oil</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>β-sitosterol</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Almeida, Claudia Aparecida Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baggio, Sueli Regina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bragagnolo, Neura</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Food research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Almeida, Claudia Aparecida Silva</au><au>Baggio, Sueli Regina</au><au>Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros</au><au>Bragagnolo, Neura</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>One-step rapid extraction of phytosterols from vegetable oils</atitle><jtitle>Food research international</jtitle><addtitle>Food Res Int</addtitle><date>2020-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>130</volume><spage>108891</spage><epage>108891</epage><pages>108891-108891</pages><artnum>108891</artnum><issn>0963-9969</issn><eissn>1873-7145</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
•The new phytosterol method was optimized and validated.•The new phytosterol method is easy to carry out.•The new phytosterol method is quick, precise and accurate.
The conditions for the extraction of phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) from vegetal oils were optimized by means of response surface methodology (RSM). A 24 central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables: sample weight (g), saponification temperature (°C), saponification time (h) and number of extractions (n). The CCRD was carried out in 27 trials, including eight axial and three central points; and the response variables were the contents of campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and total phytosterols. The optimized conditions established by the RSM were 0.3 g of sample, saponification for 3 h at 50 °C and 4 extractions with n-hexane. Satisfactory values for linearity, recovery, repeatability, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (2.0–2.3 mg/100 g) and quantification (6.5–7.7 mg/100 g) were achieved. The optimized method was also validated by comparison with the official AOCS method, and the contents of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) when determined by both methods. However, low values (p < 0.05) for campesterol were found when the samples were analyzed by the AOCS method. The method optimized and validated in the present work is easy to carry out, fast and accurate. The method was successfully applied to sunflower, canola, corn, soybean and olive oils, and the lowest contents of total phytosterols were found in olive oil while and the highest amounts, in corn oil.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>32156349</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108891</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Campesterol Canola oil Cholesterol - analogs & derivatives Cholesterol - chemistry Chromatography, Gas Corn oil Food Handling - methods GC-FID GC–MS Olive oil Phytosterols - chemistry Plant Oils - chemistry Sitosterols - chemistry Soybean oil Stigmasterol Stigmasterol - chemistry Sunflower oil Temperature Time Factors β-sitosterol |
| title | One-step rapid extraction of phytosterols from vegetable oils |
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