Direct observation of charge state abundances of energetic He, C, O, and Fe emitted in solar flares

Direct observation of charge state abundances of energetic He, C, O, and Fe emitted in solar flares

The ionic charge states of helium, carbon, oxygen, and iron have been determined for three solar particle enhancements by an electrostatic deflection analyzer, which is combined with a thin window proportional counter dE/dX vs. E system. The observations are obtained during the periods September 23...

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Veröffentlicht in:Advances in space research 1981, Vol.1 (3), p.61-64
Hauptverfasser: Hovestadt, D., Gloeckler, G., Höfner, H., Klecker, B., Fan, C.Y., Fisk, L.A., Ipavich, F.M., O'Gallagher, J.J., Scholar, M.
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container_end_page 64
container_issue 3
container_start_page 61
container_title Advances in space research
container_volume 1
creator Hovestadt, D.
Gloeckler, G.
Höfner, H.
Klecker, B.
Fan, C.Y.
Fisk, L.A.
Ipavich, F.M.
O'Gallagher, J.J.
Scholar, M.
description The ionic charge states of helium, carbon, oxygen, and iron have been determined for three solar particle enhancements by an electrostatic deflection analyzer, which is combined with a thin window proportional counter dE/dX vs. E system. The observations are obtained during the periods September 23 to 29, 1978, June 6 to 8, 1979, and September 15 to 26, 1979, with an instrument onboard the ISEE-3 spacecraft. The mean ionic charge states for He, C, and oxygen exhibit a high degree of ionization with values of Q = 2, 6, and 7.2, respectively. The charge state of iron is near 13 charge units. Variations from flare to flare and within the September 23, 1978 flare are small. The most surprising feature of the charge state measurement is the observation of a small (∼10%) but finite contribution of singly ionized helium.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/0273-1177(81)90017-X
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title Direct observation of charge state abundances of energetic He, C, O, and Fe emitted in solar flares
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