Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross‐Cultural Study

This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross‐cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from It...

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Veröffentlicht in:Family process 2020-12, Vol.59 (4), p.1552-1568
Hauptverfasser: Rodríguez‐González, Martiño, Lampis, Jessica, Murdock, Nancy L., Schweer‐Collins, Maria L., Lyons, Emma R.
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container_end_page 1568
container_issue 4
container_start_page 1552
container_title Family process
container_volume 59
creator Rodríguez‐González, Martiño
Lampis, Jessica
Murdock, Nancy L.
Schweer‐Collins, Maria L.
Lyons, Emma R.
description This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross‐cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI‐R; Skowron & Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI‐R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture‐specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations. Resumen Este estudio constituye un primer intento de explorar la aplicabilidad intercultural de la teoría de sistemas familiares de Bowen y de analizar la relación entre la diferenciación del self y el ajuste de la pareja utilizando un análisis de invariancia. Una muestra de 2.141 personas (n = 915 de Estados Unidos; n = 635 de Italia; n = 591 de España), completaron medidas de diferenciación del self (DSI‐R; Skowron & Schmitt, 2003) y de ajuste diádico (DAS; Spanier, 1976). Los resultados aportan pruebas de equivalencia parcial de las medidas del DSI‐R entre las tres muestras. Además, los resultados de la regresión latente indicaron que un menor corte emocional predijo mayor ajuste de la pareja en Estados Unidos, España e Italia, mientras que una mayor reactividad emocional predijo un menor ajuste de la pareja solo en las culturas más colectivistas: España e Italia. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con estudios empíricos anteriores, que sugieren que el corte emocional es un fuerte predictor del ajuste relacional. El uso del análisis de invariancia ofrece una base p
doi_str_mv 10.1111/famp.12522
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A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI‐R; Skowron &amp; Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI‐R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture‐specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations. Resumen Este estudio constituye un primer intento de explorar la aplicabilidad intercultural de la teoría de sistemas familiares de Bowen y de analizar la relación entre la diferenciación del self y el ajuste de la pareja utilizando un análisis de invariancia. Una muestra de 2.141 personas (n = 915 de Estados Unidos; n = 635 de Italia; n = 591 de España), completaron medidas de diferenciación del self (DSI‐R; Skowron &amp; Schmitt, 2003) y de ajuste diádico (DAS; Spanier, 1976). Los resultados aportan pruebas de equivalencia parcial de las medidas del DSI‐R entre las tres muestras. Además, los resultados de la regresión latente indicaron que un menor corte emocional predijo mayor ajuste de la pareja en Estados Unidos, España e Italia, mientras que una mayor reactividad emocional predijo un menor ajuste de la pareja solo en las culturas más colectivistas: España e Italia. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con estudios empíricos anteriores, que sugieren que el corte emocional es un fuerte predictor del ajuste relacional. El uso del análisis de invariancia ofrece una base para que futuros estudios sigan utilizando métodos estadísticos rigurosos cuando se examinan constructos entre culturas diferentes. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto diferencias y similitudes específicas en la diferenciación entre las culturas estudiadas, que pueden ayudar a los profesionales orientando la psicoterapia de personas, parejas o familias de poblaciones diversas. 摘要 本研究是鲍恩家庭系统理论在跨文化情境中应用的首次尝试, 并使用测量不变性的手段来研究自我分化和伴侣关系调节之间的关联性。本研究的样本对象有2141个人(美国人 = 915;意大利人 = 635;西班牙人 = 591), 他们完成了自我分化(DSI ‐R;Skowron &Schmitt, 2003)和伴侣关系调整(DAS;Spanier , 1976)两项测量。结果显示了三个国籍人群中DSI ‐R 测量呈现的部分对等证据。此外, 潜在回归分析的结果表明, 美国、西班牙和意大利三个国家的受试人群中, 情感交流截断的情况如果较少即可预测伴侣关系调整较好;而更强烈的情感反应则可以预测伴侣调适困难, 不过这仅出现在集体主义文化程度较高的西班牙和意大利。我们的发现与先前的实证研究结果一致, 情绪交流截断是伴侣关系调整的有力预测指标。测量不变性的使用为将来的研究奠定了基础, 以便在调查跨文化情境中的某些概念时, 继续采用严格的统计方法。这些发现强调了区分不同文化时关注文化之间的相似度和差异性。这可能帮助那些服务不同背景的人群的从医者, 利于他们在给个人、伴侣或家庭提供心理治疗知识方面提供更多信息。</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-7370</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-5300</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/famp.12522</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32073663</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adjustment ; Bowen theory ; Couple relationships ; Cross cultural studies ; Cross‐cultural study ; diferenciación del yo ; Differentiation ; Differentiation of self ; Emotions ; estudio intercultural ; Marriage ; Measurement ; Psychotherapy ; Reactivity ; relaciones de pareja ; Statistical methods ; System theory ; Systems theory ; teoría de Bowen ; 伴侣关系 ; 自我分化 ; 跨文化研究 ; 鲍恩理论</subject><ispartof>Family process, 2020-12, Vol.59 (4), p.1552-1568</ispartof><rights>2020 Family Process Institute</rights><rights>2020 Family Process Institute.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2722-e8da63c356ebf71b369bc729d63a27b23ed9812e353e643c8c70b927f0e6d0003</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2722-e8da63c356ebf71b369bc729d63a27b23ed9812e353e643c8c70b927f0e6d0003</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7117-0045 ; 0000-0001-8285-9107</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Ffamp.12522$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Ffamp.12522$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,30999,33774,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32073663$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez‐González, Martiño</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lampis, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murdock, Nancy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schweer‐Collins, Maria L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Emma R.</creatorcontrib><title>Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross‐Cultural Study</title><title>Family process</title><addtitle>Fam Process</addtitle><description>This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross‐cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI‐R; Skowron &amp; Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI‐R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture‐specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations. Resumen Este estudio constituye un primer intento de explorar la aplicabilidad intercultural de la teoría de sistemas familiares de Bowen y de analizar la relación entre la diferenciación del self y el ajuste de la pareja utilizando un análisis de invariancia. Una muestra de 2.141 personas (n = 915 de Estados Unidos; n = 635 de Italia; n = 591 de España), completaron medidas de diferenciación del self (DSI‐R; Skowron &amp; Schmitt, 2003) y de ajuste diádico (DAS; Spanier, 1976). Los resultados aportan pruebas de equivalencia parcial de las medidas del DSI‐R entre las tres muestras. Además, los resultados de la regresión latente indicaron que un menor corte emocional predijo mayor ajuste de la pareja en Estados Unidos, España e Italia, mientras que una mayor reactividad emocional predijo un menor ajuste de la pareja solo en las culturas más colectivistas: España e Italia. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con estudios empíricos anteriores, que sugieren que el corte emocional es un fuerte predictor del ajuste relacional. El uso del análisis de invariancia ofrece una base para que futuros estudios sigan utilizando métodos estadísticos rigurosos cuando se examinan constructos entre culturas diferentes. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto diferencias y similitudes específicas en la diferenciación entre las culturas estudiadas, que pueden ayudar a los profesionales orientando la psicoterapia de personas, parejas o familias de poblaciones diversas. 摘要 本研究是鲍恩家庭系统理论在跨文化情境中应用的首次尝试, 并使用测量不变性的手段来研究自我分化和伴侣关系调节之间的关联性。本研究的样本对象有2141个人(美国人 = 915;意大利人 = 635;西班牙人 = 591), 他们完成了自我分化(DSI ‐R;Skowron &Schmitt, 2003)和伴侣关系调整(DAS;Spanier , 1976)两项测量。结果显示了三个国籍人群中DSI ‐R 测量呈现的部分对等证据。此外, 潜在回归分析的结果表明, 美国、西班牙和意大利三个国家的受试人群中, 情感交流截断的情况如果较少即可预测伴侣关系调整较好;而更强烈的情感反应则可以预测伴侣调适困难, 不过这仅出现在集体主义文化程度较高的西班牙和意大利。我们的发现与先前的实证研究结果一致, 情绪交流截断是伴侣关系调整的有力预测指标。测量不变性的使用为将来的研究奠定了基础, 以便在调查跨文化情境中的某些概念时, 继续采用严格的统计方法。这些发现强调了区分不同文化时关注文化之间的相似度和差异性。这可能帮助那些服务不同背景的人群的从医者, 利于他们在给个人、伴侣或家庭提供心理治疗知识方面提供更多信息。</description><subject>Adjustment</subject><subject>Bowen theory</subject><subject>Couple relationships</subject><subject>Cross cultural studies</subject><subject>Cross‐cultural study</subject><subject>diferenciación del yo</subject><subject>Differentiation</subject><subject>Differentiation of self</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>estudio intercultural</subject><subject>Marriage</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Psychotherapy</subject><subject>Reactivity</subject><subject>relaciones de pareja</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>System theory</subject><subject>Systems theory</subject><subject>teoría de Bowen</subject><subject>伴侣关系</subject><subject>自我分化</subject><subject>跨文化研究</subject><subject>鲍恩理论</subject><issn>0014-7370</issn><issn>1545-5300</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp90c1u1DAUBWALgei0sOEBkCU2qGqKf2I76W4UaKlUBNLQteXE1yIjxwmxIzQ7HoFn5EnwdFoWXdQby9LnI18fhN5Qck7z-uDMMJ1TJhh7hlZUlKIQnJDnaEUILQvFFTlCxzFuCSFlXamX6IgzoriUfIVCMy6TB7y22yWmAULCJlj8sXcO5nzqTerHgEeHN-Ad7gNOPwDfhj6BxZtkEsQzfJ2M353dXdxMpg8XeI2beYzx7-8_zeLTMhuf8WJ3r9ALZ3yE1_f7Cbq9_PS9-VzcfL26btY3RccUYwVU1kjecSGhdYq2XNZtp1htJTdMtYyDrSvKgAsOsuRd1SnS1kw5AtLmMfkJen_Inebx5wIx6aGPHXhvAoxL1IyLSqiK1CLTd4_odlzmkF-nWSnrkgpR11mdHlS3n2sGp6e5H8y805TofQt634K-ayHjt_eRSzuA_U8fvj0DegC_eg-7J6L05frLt0PoPx-BkVE</recordid><startdate>202012</startdate><enddate>202012</enddate><creator>Rodríguez‐González, Martiño</creator><creator>Lampis, Jessica</creator><creator>Murdock, Nancy L.</creator><creator>Schweer‐Collins, Maria L.</creator><creator>Lyons, Emma R.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-0045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-9107</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202012</creationdate><title>Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross‐Cultural Study</title><author>Rodríguez‐González, Martiño ; Lampis, Jessica ; Murdock, Nancy L. ; Schweer‐Collins, Maria L. ; Lyons, Emma R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2722-e8da63c356ebf71b369bc729d63a27b23ed9812e353e643c8c70b927f0e6d0003</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adjustment</topic><topic>Bowen theory</topic><topic>Couple relationships</topic><topic>Cross cultural studies</topic><topic>Cross‐cultural study</topic><topic>diferenciación del yo</topic><topic>Differentiation</topic><topic>Differentiation of self</topic><topic>Emotions</topic><topic>estudio intercultural</topic><topic>Marriage</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Psychotherapy</topic><topic>Reactivity</topic><topic>relaciones de pareja</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>System theory</topic><topic>Systems theory</topic><topic>teoría de Bowen</topic><topic>伴侣关系</topic><topic>自我分化</topic><topic>跨文化研究</topic><topic>鲍恩理论</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez‐González, Martiño</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lampis, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murdock, Nancy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schweer‐Collins, Maria L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Emma R.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Family process</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rodríguez‐González, Martiño</au><au>Lampis, Jessica</au><au>Murdock, Nancy L.</au><au>Schweer‐Collins, Maria L.</au><au>Lyons, Emma R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross‐Cultural Study</atitle><jtitle>Family process</jtitle><addtitle>Fam Process</addtitle><date>2020-12</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1552</spage><epage>1568</epage><pages>1552-1568</pages><issn>0014-7370</issn><eissn>1545-5300</eissn><abstract>This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross‐cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI‐R; Skowron &amp; Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI‐R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture‐specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations. Resumen Este estudio constituye un primer intento de explorar la aplicabilidad intercultural de la teoría de sistemas familiares de Bowen y de analizar la relación entre la diferenciación del self y el ajuste de la pareja utilizando un análisis de invariancia. Una muestra de 2.141 personas (n = 915 de Estados Unidos; n = 635 de Italia; n = 591 de España), completaron medidas de diferenciación del self (DSI‐R; Skowron &amp; Schmitt, 2003) y de ajuste diádico (DAS; Spanier, 1976). Los resultados aportan pruebas de equivalencia parcial de las medidas del DSI‐R entre las tres muestras. Además, los resultados de la regresión latente indicaron que un menor corte emocional predijo mayor ajuste de la pareja en Estados Unidos, España e Italia, mientras que una mayor reactividad emocional predijo un menor ajuste de la pareja solo en las culturas más colectivistas: España e Italia. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con estudios empíricos anteriores, que sugieren que el corte emocional es un fuerte predictor del ajuste relacional. El uso del análisis de invariancia ofrece una base para que futuros estudios sigan utilizando métodos estadísticos rigurosos cuando se examinan constructos entre culturas diferentes. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto diferencias y similitudes específicas en la diferenciación entre las culturas estudiadas, que pueden ayudar a los profesionales orientando la psicoterapia de personas, parejas o familias de poblaciones diversas. 摘要 本研究是鲍恩家庭系统理论在跨文化情境中应用的首次尝试, 并使用测量不变性的手段来研究自我分化和伴侣关系调节之间的关联性。本研究的样本对象有2141个人(美国人 = 915;意大利人 = 635;西班牙人 = 591), 他们完成了自我分化(DSI ‐R;Skowron &Schmitt, 2003)和伴侣关系调整(DAS;Spanier , 1976)两项测量。结果显示了三个国籍人群中DSI ‐R 测量呈现的部分对等证据。此外, 潜在回归分析的结果表明, 美国、西班牙和意大利三个国家的受试人群中, 情感交流截断的情况如果较少即可预测伴侣关系调整较好;而更强烈的情感反应则可以预测伴侣调适困难, 不过这仅出现在集体主义文化程度较高的西班牙和意大利。我们的发现与先前的实证研究结果一致, 情绪交流截断是伴侣关系调整的有力预测指标。测量不变性的使用为将来的研究奠定了基础, 以便在调查跨文化情境中的某些概念时, 继续采用严格的统计方法。这些发现强调了区分不同文化时关注文化之间的相似度和差异性。这可能帮助那些服务不同背景的人群的从医者, 利于他们在给个人、伴侣或家庭提供心理治疗知识方面提供更多信息。</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>32073663</pmid><doi>10.1111/famp.12522</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-0045</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-9107</orcidid></addata></record>
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ispartof Family process, 2020-12, Vol.59 (4), p.1552-1568
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source Sociological Abstracts; Access via Wiley Online Library; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)
subjects Adjustment
Bowen theory
Couple relationships
Cross cultural studies
Cross‐cultural study
diferenciación del yo
Differentiation
Differentiation of self
Emotions
estudio intercultural
Marriage
Measurement
Psychotherapy
Reactivity
relaciones de pareja
Statistical methods
System theory
Systems theory
teoría de Bowen
伴侣关系
自我分化
跨文化研究
鲍恩理论
title Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross‐Cultural Study
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