The Value of Averageness in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Humans Like Average Noses
Abstract Background The aesthetic ideal of the nose eludes clear definition. Averageness may be an important determinant of ideal nasal shape: research has shown that averageness plays an important role in the human perception of facial attractiveness. Objectives The aim of this study was to test wh...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Aesthetic surgery journal 2020-11, Vol.40 (12), p.1280-1287 |
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creator | van Zijl, Floris V W J Perrett, David I Lohuis, Peter J F M Touw, Carolina E Xiao, Dengke Datema, Frank R |
description | Abstract
Background
The aesthetic ideal of the nose eludes clear definition. Averageness may be an important determinant of ideal nasal shape: research has shown that averageness plays an important role in the human perception of facial attractiveness.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to test whether an averaged nasal shape is attractive, and whether deviation away from average is associated with decreased attractiveness.
Methods
Photographic series of the face were obtained from 80 Caucasian female volunteers aged 25-40 years. A mathematically averaged composite image was created from the first 40 volunteers. Forty-one panel members were recruited to judge the attractiveness of the nose of each original image and the composite, based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very ugly) to 5 (very pretty). Deviation of nasal shape from average was calculated by principal components analysis of standardized nasal landmarks.
Results
Twenty-one respondents were male (51%). The mean age of the respondents was 35.3 [15.6] years. The rating of the composite was significantly higher than the distribution of ratings for the 80 original nose images (4.2 vs 2.8, t = 31.24, P |
doi_str_mv | 10.1093/asj/sjaa010 |
format | Article |
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Background
The aesthetic ideal of the nose eludes clear definition. Averageness may be an important determinant of ideal nasal shape: research has shown that averageness plays an important role in the human perception of facial attractiveness.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to test whether an averaged nasal shape is attractive, and whether deviation away from average is associated with decreased attractiveness.
Methods
Photographic series of the face were obtained from 80 Caucasian female volunteers aged 25-40 years. A mathematically averaged composite image was created from the first 40 volunteers. Forty-one panel members were recruited to judge the attractiveness of the nose of each original image and the composite, based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very ugly) to 5 (very pretty). Deviation of nasal shape from average was calculated by principal components analysis of standardized nasal landmarks.
Results
Twenty-one respondents were male (51%). The mean age of the respondents was 35.3 [15.6] years. The rating of the composite was significantly higher than the distribution of ratings for the 80 original nose images (4.2 vs 2.8, t = 31.24, P < 0.001). The rating of the original nose images correlated negatively with deviation from average shape (r = –0.40, n = 80, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
In Caucasian females, a mathematically averaged nose is an attractive nose. Furthermore, the more an individual nose shape resembles the average shape, the more attractive it is rated. Calculating deviation from average before and after rhinoplasty may aid in objectively measuring aesthetic rhinoplasty outcome.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1090-820X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1527-330X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31960890</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Esthetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nose - surgery ; Rhinoplasty</subject><ispartof>Aesthetic surgery journal, 2020-11, Vol.40 (12), p.1280-1287</ispartof><rights>2020 The Aesthetic Society. Reprints and permission: journals.permissions@oup.com 2020</rights><rights>2020 The Aesthetic Society. Reprints and permission: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-916930ff0c59d71ae0c40db47caf062d932dd0b10779b4b112a8c3bea554043c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-916930ff0c59d71ae0c40db47caf062d932dd0b10779b4b112a8c3bea554043c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31960890$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>van Zijl, Floris V W J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perrett, David I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lohuis, Peter J F M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Touw, Carolina E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Dengke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Datema, Frank R</creatorcontrib><title>The Value of Averageness in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Humans Like Average Noses</title><title>Aesthetic surgery journal</title><addtitle>Aesthet Surg J</addtitle><description>Abstract
Background
The aesthetic ideal of the nose eludes clear definition. Averageness may be an important determinant of ideal nasal shape: research has shown that averageness plays an important role in the human perception of facial attractiveness.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to test whether an averaged nasal shape is attractive, and whether deviation away from average is associated with decreased attractiveness.
Methods
Photographic series of the face were obtained from 80 Caucasian female volunteers aged 25-40 years. A mathematically averaged composite image was created from the first 40 volunteers. Forty-one panel members were recruited to judge the attractiveness of the nose of each original image and the composite, based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very ugly) to 5 (very pretty). Deviation of nasal shape from average was calculated by principal components analysis of standardized nasal landmarks.
Results
Twenty-one respondents were male (51%). The mean age of the respondents was 35.3 [15.6] years. The rating of the composite was significantly higher than the distribution of ratings for the 80 original nose images (4.2 vs 2.8, t = 31.24, P < 0.001). The rating of the original nose images correlated negatively with deviation from average shape (r = –0.40, n = 80, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
In Caucasian females, a mathematically averaged nose is an attractive nose. Furthermore, the more an individual nose shape resembles the average shape, the more attractive it is rated. Calculating deviation from average before and after rhinoplasty may aid in objectively measuring aesthetic rhinoplasty outcome.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Esthetics</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Face</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Nose - surgery</subject><subject>Rhinoplasty</subject><issn>1090-820X</issn><issn>1527-330X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1Lw0AQQBdRrFZP3mVPIkjsbDabZL2VolYIClKlt7DZTGxqvswkQv-9kbYePc0c3jyGx9iFgFsBWk4MrSe0NgYEHLATodzAkRKWh8MOGpzQheWInRKtAQbc947ZSArtQ6jhhEWLFfJ3U_TI64xPv7E1H1ghEc8rPkXqVtjllr-u8qpuCkPd5o7P-9JUxKP8E_cX_LkmpDN2lJmC8Hw3x-zt4X4xmzvRy-PTbBo5Vqqgc7TwtYQsA6t0GgiDYD1IEy-wJgPfTbV00xQSAUGgEy8RwjWhlQkapTzwpJVjdr31Nm391Q9PxmVOFovCVFj3FLvSkyBVKNSA3mxR29ZELWZx0-alaTexgPg3Xzzki3f5BvpyJ-6TEtM_dt9rAK62QN03_5p-AGHieGI</recordid><startdate>20201119</startdate><enddate>20201119</enddate><creator>van Zijl, Floris V W J</creator><creator>Perrett, David I</creator><creator>Lohuis, Peter J F M</creator><creator>Touw, Carolina E</creator><creator>Xiao, Dengke</creator><creator>Datema, Frank R</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20201119</creationdate><title>The Value of Averageness in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Humans Like Average Noses</title><author>van Zijl, Floris V W J ; Perrett, David I ; Lohuis, Peter J F M ; Touw, Carolina E ; Xiao, Dengke ; Datema, Frank R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-916930ff0c59d71ae0c40db47caf062d932dd0b10779b4b112a8c3bea554043c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Esthetics</topic><topic>European Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Face</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Nose - surgery</topic><topic>Rhinoplasty</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>van Zijl, Floris V W J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perrett, David I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lohuis, Peter J F M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Touw, Carolina E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Dengke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Datema, Frank R</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Aesthetic surgery journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>van Zijl, Floris V W J</au><au>Perrett, David I</au><au>Lohuis, Peter J F M</au><au>Touw, Carolina E</au><au>Xiao, Dengke</au><au>Datema, Frank R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Value of Averageness in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Humans Like Average Noses</atitle><jtitle>Aesthetic surgery journal</jtitle><addtitle>Aesthet Surg J</addtitle><date>2020-11-19</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1280</spage><epage>1287</epage><pages>1280-1287</pages><issn>1090-820X</issn><eissn>1527-330X</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Background
The aesthetic ideal of the nose eludes clear definition. Averageness may be an important determinant of ideal nasal shape: research has shown that averageness plays an important role in the human perception of facial attractiveness.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to test whether an averaged nasal shape is attractive, and whether deviation away from average is associated with decreased attractiveness.
Methods
Photographic series of the face were obtained from 80 Caucasian female volunteers aged 25-40 years. A mathematically averaged composite image was created from the first 40 volunteers. Forty-one panel members were recruited to judge the attractiveness of the nose of each original image and the composite, based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very ugly) to 5 (very pretty). Deviation of nasal shape from average was calculated by principal components analysis of standardized nasal landmarks.
Results
Twenty-one respondents were male (51%). The mean age of the respondents was 35.3 [15.6] years. The rating of the composite was significantly higher than the distribution of ratings for the 80 original nose images (4.2 vs 2.8, t = 31.24, P < 0.001). The rating of the original nose images correlated negatively with deviation from average shape (r = –0.40, n = 80, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
In Caucasian females, a mathematically averaged nose is an attractive nose. Furthermore, the more an individual nose shape resembles the average shape, the more attractive it is rated. Calculating deviation from average before and after rhinoplasty may aid in objectively measuring aesthetic rhinoplasty outcome.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>31960890</pmid><doi>10.1093/asj/sjaa010</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Adolescent Adult Esthetics European Continental Ancestry Group Face Female Humans Male Nose - surgery Rhinoplasty |
title | The Value of Averageness in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Humans Like Average Noses |
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