Reproductive strategy of bachelors in a snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) all-male unit
Snub-nosed monkeys exhibit a rare multilevel social system composed of several one-male units (OMU) and at least one all-male unit (AMU). The AMU comprises males who are blocked from access to females by resident males in the OMUs, and how these satellite males achieve reproductive success is still...
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description | Snub-nosed monkeys exhibit a rare multilevel social system composed of several one-male units (OMU) and at least one all-male unit (AMU). The AMU comprises males who are blocked from access to females by resident males in the OMUs, and how these satellite males achieve reproductive success is still unclear. To investigate their reproductive strategies, we focused on the AMU in a band of provisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (
Rhinopithecus bieti
) in Yunnan, China. Behaviors that AMU males use to gain access to females (i.e. immigration, male takeover, and sexual interaction with females) were recorded and compared with resident OMU males to explore how AMU bachelors achieve reproductive success when they are denied stable access to females. We found that in response to solicitation from females, adult and sub-adult members of the AMU responded more actively than resident males, and the bachelors actively initiated mating with females when the latter's resident male was temporarily absent. These mating opportunities mostly coincided with the peak mating season in OMUs, and probably allowed bachelors to sire some offspring. We also found that for some AMU adults, taking over an OMU is the main strategy used to gain stable access to females, and these males repeatedly migrate between bands. AMU members therefore show multiple strategies that allow them to gain some degree of reproductive success. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10329-019-00789-y |
format | Article |
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Rhinopithecus bieti
) in Yunnan, China. Behaviors that AMU males use to gain access to females (i.e. immigration, male takeover, and sexual interaction with females) were recorded and compared with resident OMU males to explore how AMU bachelors achieve reproductive success when they are denied stable access to females. We found that in response to solicitation from females, adult and sub-adult members of the AMU responded more actively than resident males, and the bachelors actively initiated mating with females when the latter's resident male was temporarily absent. These mating opportunities mostly coincided with the peak mating season in OMUs, and probably allowed bachelors to sire some offspring. We also found that for some AMU adults, taking over an OMU is the main strategy used to gain stable access to females, and these males repeatedly migrate between bands. AMU members therefore show multiple strategies that allow them to gain some degree of reproductive success.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-8332</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1610-7365</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00789-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31955302</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Tokyo: Springer Japan</publisher><subject>Animal Ecology ; Animal reproduction ; Animals ; Behavioral Sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Breeding success ; China ; Evolutionary Biology ; Female ; Females ; Immigration ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Male ; Males ; Mating ; Monkeys ; Offspring ; Original Article ; Presbytini - physiology ; Reproduction ; Reproductive strategy ; Rhinopithecus bieti ; Science & Technology ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; Success ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Primates, 2020-03, Vol.61 (2), p.291-299</ispartof><rights>Japan Monkey Centre and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Primates is a copyright of Springer, (2020). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>1</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000520597000017</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-dc6af3ed77953e622e22b92b22f8c4d817dc64998704c580978c271d340953a43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-dc6af3ed77953e622e22b92b22f8c4d817dc64998704c580978c271d340953a43</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6133-3261 ; 0000-0001-8994-9500 ; 0000-0001-9979-2471</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10329-019-00789-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10329-019-00789-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,27931,27932,28255,41495,42564,51326</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31955302$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krzton, Alicia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruan, Xiangdong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiang, Zuofu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Ming</creatorcontrib><title>Reproductive strategy of bachelors in a snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) all-male unit</title><title>Primates</title><addtitle>Primates</addtitle><addtitle>PRIMATES</addtitle><addtitle>Primates</addtitle><description>Snub-nosed monkeys exhibit a rare multilevel social system composed of several one-male units (OMU) and at least one all-male unit (AMU). The AMU comprises males who are blocked from access to females by resident males in the OMUs, and how these satellite males achieve reproductive success is still unclear. To investigate their reproductive strategies, we focused on the AMU in a band of provisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (
Rhinopithecus bieti
) in Yunnan, China. Behaviors that AMU males use to gain access to females (i.e. immigration, male takeover, and sexual interaction with females) were recorded and compared with resident OMU males to explore how AMU bachelors achieve reproductive success when they are denied stable access to females. We found that in response to solicitation from females, adult and sub-adult members of the AMU responded more actively than resident males, and the bachelors actively initiated mating with females when the latter's resident male was temporarily absent. These mating opportunities mostly coincided with the peak mating season in OMUs, and probably allowed bachelors to sire some offspring. We also found that for some AMU adults, taking over an OMU is the main strategy used to gain stable access to females, and these males repeatedly migrate between bands. AMU members therefore show multiple strategies that allow them to gain some degree of reproductive success.</description><subject>Animal Ecology</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavioral Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Breeding success</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Immigration</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mating</subject><subject>Monkeys</subject><subject>Offspring</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Presbytini - physiology</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Reproductive strategy</subject><subject>Rhinopithecus bieti</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>Social Behavior</subject><subject>Success</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>0032-8332</issn><issn>1610-7365</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkE2L1TAUhoMozp3RP-BCAm5mkOpJ0jTpUi5-wYAw6FJCmp7Ozdgm1yZV-u-NdhzBhbgICeR5zsdLyBMGLxiAepkYCN5WwMoBpdtqvUd2rGFQKdHI-2QH5b_SQvATcprSDQBnjeIPyYlgrZQC-I58vsLjHPvFZf8NacqzzXi90jjQzroDjnFO1AdqaQpLV4WYsKdTDF9wpedXBx_i0ecDuiXRzmP2F9SOYzXZEekSfH5EHgx2TPj49j4jn968_rh_V11-ePt-_-qycjXwXPWusYPAXqlWCmw4R867lnecD9rVvWaqEHXbagW1kxpapR1XrBc1FMHW4oycb3XLLl8XTNlMPjkcRxswLslwUXMhpa6bgj77C72JyxzKdIVSujRXShSKb5SbY0ozDuY4-8nOq2FgfoZvtvBNCd_8Ct-sRXp6W3rpJuzvlN9pF0BvwHfs4pCcx-DwDgMAyUG2qjyAqb3PNvsY9nEJuajP_18ttNjoVIhwjfOfJf8x_w_vsa9x</recordid><startdate>20200301</startdate><enddate>20200301</enddate><creator>Guo, Cheng</creator><creator>Krzton, Alicia</creator><creator>Ruan, Xiangdong</creator><creator>Xiang, Zuofu</creator><creator>Li, Ming</creator><general>Springer Japan</general><general>Springer Nature</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-3261</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-9500</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9979-2471</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200301</creationdate><title>Reproductive strategy of bachelors in a snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) all-male unit</title><author>Guo, Cheng ; Krzton, Alicia ; Ruan, Xiangdong ; Xiang, Zuofu ; Li, Ming</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-dc6af3ed77953e622e22b92b22f8c4d817dc64998704c580978c271d340953a43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Animal Ecology</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Behavioral Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Breeding success</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Evolutionary Biology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Immigration</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Mating</topic><topic>Monkeys</topic><topic>Offspring</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Presbytini - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Primates</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, Cheng</au><au>Krzton, Alicia</au><au>Ruan, Xiangdong</au><au>Xiang, Zuofu</au><au>Li, Ming</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reproductive strategy of bachelors in a snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) all-male unit</atitle><jtitle>Primates</jtitle><stitle>Primates</stitle><stitle>PRIMATES</stitle><addtitle>Primates</addtitle><date>2020-03-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>61</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>291</spage><epage>299</epage><pages>291-299</pages><issn>0032-8332</issn><eissn>1610-7365</eissn><abstract>Snub-nosed monkeys exhibit a rare multilevel social system composed of several one-male units (OMU) and at least one all-male unit (AMU). The AMU comprises males who are blocked from access to females by resident males in the OMUs, and how these satellite males achieve reproductive success is still unclear. To investigate their reproductive strategies, we focused on the AMU in a band of provisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (
Rhinopithecus bieti
) in Yunnan, China. Behaviors that AMU males use to gain access to females (i.e. immigration, male takeover, and sexual interaction with females) were recorded and compared with resident OMU males to explore how AMU bachelors achieve reproductive success when they are denied stable access to females. We found that in response to solicitation from females, adult and sub-adult members of the AMU responded more actively than resident males, and the bachelors actively initiated mating with females when the latter's resident male was temporarily absent. These mating opportunities mostly coincided with the peak mating season in OMUs, and probably allowed bachelors to sire some offspring. We also found that for some AMU adults, taking over an OMU is the main strategy used to gain stable access to females, and these males repeatedly migrate between bands. AMU members therefore show multiple strategies that allow them to gain some degree of reproductive success.</abstract><cop>Tokyo</cop><pub>Springer Japan</pub><pmid>31955302</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10329-019-00789-y</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-3261</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-9500</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9979-2471</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal Ecology Animal reproduction Animals Behavioral Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Breeding success China Evolutionary Biology Female Females Immigration Life Sciences Life Sciences & Biomedicine Male Males Mating Monkeys Offspring Original Article Presbytini - physiology Reproduction Reproductive strategy Rhinopithecus bieti Science & Technology Seasons Sexual Behavior, Animal Social Behavior Success Zoology |
title | Reproductive strategy of bachelors in a snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) all-male unit |
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