Identification of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from plant-based food products imported into Canada

The role of plant-based foods in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance has been inadequately studied. In this investigation, resistant organisms from vegetables, fruits and spices imported into Canada were identified and characterized. A total of 143 products imported from primarily Asian and...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of food microbiology 2020-04, Vol.319, p.108509-108509, Article 108509
Hauptverfasser: Jung, Dongyun, Rubin, Joseph E.
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description The role of plant-based foods in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance has been inadequately studied. In this investigation, resistant organisms from vegetables, fruits and spices imported into Canada were identified and characterized. A total of 143 products imported from primarily Asian and African countries were purchased from international markets in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Samples were selectively cultured for bacterial species where resistance is known to be emerging. The proportions of samples positive for each organism were as follows: E. coli (n = 13, 9.1%), Salmonella spp. (n = 2, 1.4%), ESBL producing Enterobacter spp. (n = 2, 1.4%) and K. pneumoniae (n = 2, 1.4%), S. aureus (n = 7, 4.9%) and Enterococcus spp. (n = 66, 46.2%). Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth micro-dilution and agar-dilution. Based on the susceptibility of each organism, isolates were screened for resistance genes (β-lactamases and plasmid mediated quinolones resistance determinants) by PCR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively. The qnrB, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr plasmid mediated quinolone resistance determinants were identified in 2/143 (1.4%) of samples tested. None of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to meropenem or colistin. Similarly, all Enterococcus isolates remained susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Finding multi-drug resistant bacteria which are frequently isolated from human infections is concerning, although the contribution of the global food trade to the dissemination of resistance remains cryptic. These results suggest that imported plant-based foods may be an underappreciated source of clinically relevant resistant organisms. Further study is required to address these gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of resistance, and the magnitude of the risk posed to human health by these organisms. •The importation of plant-based food products may serve as a vehicle for the inadvertent importation of resistant organisms.•ESBL and PMQR producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively.•MRSA was identified from 2/143 (1.4%) of samples.
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In this investigation, resistant organisms from vegetables, fruits and spices imported into Canada were identified and characterized. A total of 143 products imported from primarily Asian and African countries were purchased from international markets in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Samples were selectively cultured for bacterial species where resistance is known to be emerging. The proportions of samples positive for each organism were as follows: E. coli (n = 13, 9.1%), Salmonella spp. (n = 2, 1.4%), ESBL producing Enterobacter spp. (n = 2, 1.4%) and K. pneumoniae (n = 2, 1.4%), S. aureus (n = 7, 4.9%) and Enterococcus spp. (n = 66, 46.2%). Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth micro-dilution and agar-dilution. Based on the susceptibility of each organism, isolates were screened for resistance genes (β-lactamases and plasmid mediated quinolones resistance determinants) by PCR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively. The qnrB, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr plasmid mediated quinolone resistance determinants were identified in 2/143 (1.4%) of samples tested. None of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to meropenem or colistin. Similarly, all Enterococcus isolates remained susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Finding multi-drug resistant bacteria which are frequently isolated from human infections is concerning, although the contribution of the global food trade to the dissemination of resistance remains cryptic. These results suggest that imported plant-based foods may be an underappreciated source of clinically relevant resistant organisms. Further study is required to address these gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of resistance, and the magnitude of the risk posed to human health by these organisms. •The importation of plant-based food products may serve as a vehicle for the inadvertent importation of resistant organisms.•ESBL and PMQR producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively.•MRSA was identified from 2/143 (1.4%) of samples.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-1605</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3460</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108509</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31945714</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Ampicillin ; Antimicrobial agents ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Bacteria ; Colistin ; Determinants ; Dilution ; Drug resistance ; E coli ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterococcus ; Epidemiology ; ESBL ; Food ; Food plants ; Food production ; Health risks ; Imported food ; Meropenem ; Methicillin ; MRSA ; Multidrug resistance ; Organisms ; Penicillin ; Plant-based foods ; Quinolones ; Salmonella ; Spices ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Vancomycin ; Vegetables ; β Lactamase</subject><ispartof>International journal of food microbiology, 2020-04, Vol.319, p.108509-108509, Article 108509</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. 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In this investigation, resistant organisms from vegetables, fruits and spices imported into Canada were identified and characterized. A total of 143 products imported from primarily Asian and African countries were purchased from international markets in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Samples were selectively cultured for bacterial species where resistance is known to be emerging. The proportions of samples positive for each organism were as follows: E. coli (n = 13, 9.1%), Salmonella spp. (n = 2, 1.4%), ESBL producing Enterobacter spp. (n = 2, 1.4%) and K. pneumoniae (n = 2, 1.4%), S. aureus (n = 7, 4.9%) and Enterococcus spp. (n = 66, 46.2%). Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth micro-dilution and agar-dilution. Based on the susceptibility of each organism, isolates were screened for resistance genes (β-lactamases and plasmid mediated quinolones resistance determinants) by PCR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively. The qnrB, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr plasmid mediated quinolone resistance determinants were identified in 2/143 (1.4%) of samples tested. None of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to meropenem or colistin. Similarly, all Enterococcus isolates remained susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Finding multi-drug resistant bacteria which are frequently isolated from human infections is concerning, although the contribution of the global food trade to the dissemination of resistance remains cryptic. These results suggest that imported plant-based foods may be an underappreciated source of clinically relevant resistant organisms. Further study is required to address these gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of resistance, and the magnitude of the risk posed to human health by these organisms. •The importation of plant-based food products may serve as a vehicle for the inadvertent importation of resistant organisms.•ESBL and PMQR producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively.•MRSA was identified from 2/143 (1.4%) of samples.</description><subject>Ampicillin</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Antimicrobial resistance</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Colistin</subject><subject>Determinants</subject><subject>Dilution</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Enterobacteriaceae</subject><subject>Enterococcus</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>ESBL</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food plants</subject><subject>Food production</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Imported food</subject><subject>Meropenem</subject><subject>Methicillin</subject><subject>MRSA</subject><subject>Multidrug resistance</subject><subject>Organisms</subject><subject>Penicillin</subject><subject>Plant-based foods</subject><subject>Quinolones</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Spices</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Vancomycin</subject><subject>Vegetables</subject><subject>β Lactamase</subject><issn>0168-1605</issn><issn>1879-3460</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNUU1r3DAQFSWh2Sb5C0Ull1680YdtWcew9CMQ6KU5C1kagcza2kpyoP8-s9k0lJ6KQGIeb2ae3iPkE2dbznh_O23jFFLyc3Q5bQUTR3zomH5HNnxQupFtz87IBrlDw3vWXZAPpUyMsU5K9p5cSK7bTvF2Q8K9h6XGEJ2tMS00BWqxfpk8RrunGUosFTE6WlchR0tDTjM97BFrRlvA06MWesjJr64WGudDyhXhuNREd3ax3l6R82D3Ba5f30vy-PXLz9335uHHt_vd3UPjWtbVhisptJaC9VLY0Hc6jJ5D4F60bgS8O6Xxt9wNGvDoEQbNHVdaKG1HxeUl-Xyai2p-rVCqmWNxsEexkNZihGzRD6a0QurNP9QprXlBdUa0clAoQnfI0icW-lFKhmAOOc42_zacmWMYZjJ_hWGOYZhTGNj78XXDOs7g3zr_uI-E3YkAaMlThGyKi7A48DGDq8an-B9rngFFoaEg</recordid><startdate>20200416</startdate><enddate>20200416</enddate><creator>Jung, Dongyun</creator><creator>Rubin, Joseph E.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200416</creationdate><title>Identification of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from plant-based food products imported into Canada</title><author>Jung, Dongyun ; 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In this investigation, resistant organisms from vegetables, fruits and spices imported into Canada were identified and characterized. A total of 143 products imported from primarily Asian and African countries were purchased from international markets in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Samples were selectively cultured for bacterial species where resistance is known to be emerging. The proportions of samples positive for each organism were as follows: E. coli (n = 13, 9.1%), Salmonella spp. (n = 2, 1.4%), ESBL producing Enterobacter spp. (n = 2, 1.4%) and K. pneumoniae (n = 2, 1.4%), S. aureus (n = 7, 4.9%) and Enterococcus spp. (n = 66, 46.2%). Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth micro-dilution and agar-dilution. Based on the susceptibility of each organism, isolates were screened for resistance genes (β-lactamases and plasmid mediated quinolones resistance determinants) by PCR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively. The qnrB, qnrS and aac(6′)-Ib-cr plasmid mediated quinolone resistance determinants were identified in 2/143 (1.4%) of samples tested. None of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to meropenem or colistin. Similarly, all Enterococcus isolates remained susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Finding multi-drug resistant bacteria which are frequently isolated from human infections is concerning, although the contribution of the global food trade to the dissemination of resistance remains cryptic. These results suggest that imported plant-based foods may be an underappreciated source of clinically relevant resistant organisms. Further study is required to address these gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of resistance, and the magnitude of the risk posed to human health by these organisms. •The importation of plant-based food products may serve as a vehicle for the inadvertent importation of resistant organisms.•ESBL and PMQR producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified from 6/143 (4.2%) and 2/143 (1.4%) of samples respectively.•MRSA was identified from 2/143 (1.4%) of samples.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>31945714</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108509</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Ampicillin
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria
Colistin
Determinants
Dilution
Drug resistance
E coli
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterococcus
Epidemiology
ESBL
Food
Food plants
Food production
Health risks
Imported food
Meropenem
Methicillin
MRSA
Multidrug resistance
Organisms
Penicillin
Plant-based foods
Quinolones
Salmonella
Spices
Staphylococcus aureus
Vancomycin
Vegetables
β Lactamase
title Identification of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from plant-based food products imported into Canada
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