The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with liver metastases
Objectives Although liver metastasis has been known to be associated with poor prognosis, only a few studies have shown an association between liver metastasis and treatment outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Furthermore, factors associated with prognosis have remained unclear. The pr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 2020-03, Vol.146 (3), p.777-785 |
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| container_title | Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology |
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| creator | Kitadai, Rui Okuma, Yusuke Hakozaki, Taiki Hosomi, Yukio |
| description | Objectives
Although liver metastasis has been known to be associated with poor prognosis, only a few studies have shown an association between liver metastasis and treatment outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Furthermore, factors associated with prognosis have remained unclear. The present study therefore evaluates the efficacy of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had liver metastasis and identifies factors correlated with prognosis.
Materials and methods
A total of 215 patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who received ICI therapy at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 41 patients (19.1%) had liver metastasis upon initiation of ICI therapy. Overall, 125, 64, and 26 patients were treated with nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, respectively.
Results
Among the included patients, those with liver metastasis had shorter overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR), 2.04; 95% CI 1.33–3.13] and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 1.89; 95% CI 1.29–1.71) compared to those without the same. Patients with liver metastasis had a response rate (RR) of 22.5%. Among patients with liver metastasis, inferior OS was associated with low albumin, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, driver mutation, and number of liver metastasis (≥ 5). Moreover, patients with liver metastasis who had good Royal Marsden Hospital (0–1) and Gustave Roussy Immune (0–1) scores showed significantly longer OS and PFS.
Conclusion
Despite the poor outcomes with ICI treatment in patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who had liver metastasis, some characteristics among patients with liver metastasis may be associated with prognosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00432-019-03104-w |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2325299243</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2325299243</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-da7c3d21addcd5913782b911dd9c4d0128fef569af4518502cbbe665298136913</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1LJDEQhoOs6PjxBzwsgb14iVYlnf44iuyqIHjRc0gnaSdud3pMuh3892Yc3QUPQqAqVU-9KfIScoJwhgDVeQIoBGeADQOBULD1DlngpoRCyB9kAVghkxzLfXKQ0hPku6z4HtkXWPO64NWC-Pulo67rvNHmlY4d9cMwB0fN0pm_q9GHifqw9K2fxphySrV90cE4S8MYWBp03zPj-p72c3ikZtOKdO2nJe39S04HN-mUj0tHZLfTfXLHH_GQPPz5fX95zW7vrm4uL26ZEZWcmNWVEZajttZY2aCoat42iNY2prCAvO5cJ8tGd4XEWgI3bevKUvKmRlFm_pCcbnVXcXyeXZrU4NNmRR3cOCfFBc9wwwuR0V9f0KdxjiFvl6mSVwDAIVN8S5k4phRdp1bRDzq-KgS1MUJtjVDZCPVuhFrnoZ8f0nM7OPtv5PPnMyC2QMqt8Oji_7e_kX0DEc2T_w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2362700020</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with liver metastases</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Kitadai, Rui ; Okuma, Yusuke ; Hakozaki, Taiki ; Hosomi, Yukio</creator><creatorcontrib>Kitadai, Rui ; Okuma, Yusuke ; Hakozaki, Taiki ; Hosomi, Yukio</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
Although liver metastasis has been known to be associated with poor prognosis, only a few studies have shown an association between liver metastasis and treatment outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Furthermore, factors associated with prognosis have remained unclear. The present study therefore evaluates the efficacy of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had liver metastasis and identifies factors correlated with prognosis.
Materials and methods
A total of 215 patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who received ICI therapy at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 41 patients (19.1%) had liver metastasis upon initiation of ICI therapy. Overall, 125, 64, and 26 patients were treated with nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, respectively.
Results
Among the included patients, those with liver metastasis had shorter overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR), 2.04; 95% CI 1.33–3.13] and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 1.89; 95% CI 1.29–1.71) compared to those without the same. Patients with liver metastasis had a response rate (RR) of 22.5%. Among patients with liver metastasis, inferior OS was associated with low albumin, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, driver mutation, and number of liver metastasis (≥ 5). Moreover, patients with liver metastasis who had good Royal Marsden Hospital (0–1) and Gustave Roussy Immune (0–1) scores showed significantly longer OS and PFS.
Conclusion
Despite the poor outcomes with ICI treatment in patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who had liver metastasis, some characteristics among patients with liver metastasis may be associated with prognosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0171-5216</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1335</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03104-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31828427</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological - therapeutic use ; Cancer Research ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - secondary ; Female ; Hematology ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Immunotherapy ; Internal Medicine ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver ; Liver cancer ; Liver Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Liver Neoplasms - mortality ; Liver Neoplasms - secondary ; Lung cancer ; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms - mortality ; Lung Neoplasms - pathology ; Male ; Medical prognosis ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metastases ; Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Nivolumab - therapeutic use ; Non-small cell lung carcinoma ; Oncology ; Original Article – Clinical Oncology ; Patients ; Pembrolizumab ; Prognosis ; Progression-Free Survival ; Retrospective Studies ; Small cell lung carcinoma ; Targeted cancer therapy ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2020-03, Vol.146 (3), p.777-785</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-da7c3d21addcd5913782b911dd9c4d0128fef569af4518502cbbe665298136913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-da7c3d21addcd5913782b911dd9c4d0128fef569af4518502cbbe665298136913</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5743-0149</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00432-019-03104-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00432-019-03104-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923,41486,42555,51317</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31828427$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kitadai, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okuma, Yusuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hakozaki, Taiki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hosomi, Yukio</creatorcontrib><title>The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with liver metastases</title><title>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology</title><addtitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</addtitle><addtitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</addtitle><description>Objectives
Although liver metastasis has been known to be associated with poor prognosis, only a few studies have shown an association between liver metastasis and treatment outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Furthermore, factors associated with prognosis have remained unclear. The present study therefore evaluates the efficacy of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had liver metastasis and identifies factors correlated with prognosis.
Materials and methods
A total of 215 patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who received ICI therapy at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 41 patients (19.1%) had liver metastasis upon initiation of ICI therapy. Overall, 125, 64, and 26 patients were treated with nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, respectively.
Results
Among the included patients, those with liver metastasis had shorter overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR), 2.04; 95% CI 1.33–3.13] and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 1.89; 95% CI 1.29–1.71) compared to those without the same. Patients with liver metastasis had a response rate (RR) of 22.5%. Among patients with liver metastasis, inferior OS was associated with low albumin, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, driver mutation, and number of liver metastasis (≥ 5). Moreover, patients with liver metastasis who had good Royal Marsden Hospital (0–1) and Gustave Roussy Immune (0–1) scores showed significantly longer OS and PFS.
Conclusion
Despite the poor outcomes with ICI treatment in patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who had liver metastasis, some characteristics among patients with liver metastasis may be associated with prognosis.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - secondary</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Hepatocytes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - secondary</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Lung Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Nivolumab - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Non-small cell lung carcinoma</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Original Article – Clinical Oncology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pembrolizumab</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Progression-Free Survival</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Small cell lung carcinoma</subject><subject>Targeted cancer therapy</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>0171-5216</issn><issn>1432-1335</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1LJDEQhoOs6PjxBzwsgb14iVYlnf44iuyqIHjRc0gnaSdud3pMuh3892Yc3QUPQqAqVU-9KfIScoJwhgDVeQIoBGeADQOBULD1DlngpoRCyB9kAVghkxzLfXKQ0hPku6z4HtkXWPO64NWC-Pulo67rvNHmlY4d9cMwB0fN0pm_q9GHifqw9K2fxphySrV90cE4S8MYWBp03zPj-p72c3ikZtOKdO2nJe39S04HN-mUj0tHZLfTfXLHH_GQPPz5fX95zW7vrm4uL26ZEZWcmNWVEZajttZY2aCoat42iNY2prCAvO5cJ8tGd4XEWgI3bevKUvKmRlFm_pCcbnVXcXyeXZrU4NNmRR3cOCfFBc9wwwuR0V9f0KdxjiFvl6mSVwDAIVN8S5k4phRdp1bRDzq-KgS1MUJtjVDZCPVuhFrnoZ8f0nM7OPtv5PPnMyC2QMqt8Oji_7e_kX0DEc2T_w</recordid><startdate>20200301</startdate><enddate>20200301</enddate><creator>Kitadai, Rui</creator><creator>Okuma, Yusuke</creator><creator>Hakozaki, Taiki</creator><creator>Hosomi, Yukio</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-0149</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200301</creationdate><title>The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with liver metastases</title><author>Kitadai, Rui ; Okuma, Yusuke ; Hakozaki, Taiki ; Hosomi, Yukio</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-da7c3d21addcd5913782b911dd9c4d0128fef569af4518502cbbe665298136913</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - secondary</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Hepatocytes</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - secondary</topic><topic>Lung cancer</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Lung Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Monoclonal antibodies</topic><topic>Nivolumab - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Non-small cell lung carcinoma</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Original Article – Clinical Oncology</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pembrolizumab</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Progression-Free Survival</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Small cell lung carcinoma</topic><topic>Targeted cancer therapy</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kitadai, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okuma, Yusuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hakozaki, Taiki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hosomi, Yukio</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kitadai, Rui</au><au>Okuma, Yusuke</au><au>Hakozaki, Taiki</au><au>Hosomi, Yukio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with liver metastases</atitle><jtitle>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology</jtitle><stitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</stitle><addtitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</addtitle><date>2020-03-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>146</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>777</spage><epage>785</epage><pages>777-785</pages><issn>0171-5216</issn><eissn>1432-1335</eissn><abstract>Objectives
Although liver metastasis has been known to be associated with poor prognosis, only a few studies have shown an association between liver metastasis and treatment outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Furthermore, factors associated with prognosis have remained unclear. The present study therefore evaluates the efficacy of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had liver metastasis and identifies factors correlated with prognosis.
Materials and methods
A total of 215 patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who received ICI therapy at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 41 patients (19.1%) had liver metastasis upon initiation of ICI therapy. Overall, 125, 64, and 26 patients were treated with nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, respectively.
Results
Among the included patients, those with liver metastasis had shorter overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR), 2.04; 95% CI 1.33–3.13] and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 1.89; 95% CI 1.29–1.71) compared to those without the same. Patients with liver metastasis had a response rate (RR) of 22.5%. Among patients with liver metastasis, inferior OS was associated with low albumin, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, driver mutation, and number of liver metastasis (≥ 5). Moreover, patients with liver metastasis who had good Royal Marsden Hospital (0–1) and Gustave Roussy Immune (0–1) scores showed significantly longer OS and PFS.
Conclusion
Despite the poor outcomes with ICI treatment in patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who had liver metastasis, some characteristics among patients with liver metastasis may be associated with prognosis.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>31828427</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00432-019-03104-w</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-0149</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2020-03, Vol.146 (3), p.777-785 |
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| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological - therapeutic use Cancer Research Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - secondary Female Hematology Hepatocytes Humans Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Internal Medicine Kaplan-Meier Estimate Liver Liver cancer Liver Neoplasms - drug therapy Liver Neoplasms - mortality Liver Neoplasms - secondary Lung cancer Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy Lung Neoplasms - mortality Lung Neoplasms - pathology Male Medical prognosis Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metastases Metastasis Middle Aged Monoclonal antibodies Nivolumab - therapeutic use Non-small cell lung carcinoma Oncology Original Article – Clinical Oncology Patients Pembrolizumab Prognosis Progression-Free Survival Retrospective Studies Small cell lung carcinoma Targeted cancer therapy Treatment Outcome |
| title | The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with liver metastases |
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