Efficacy and safety of Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides seed extract for opioid detoxification: A randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial
The seeds of Sophora alopecuroides L. var. alopecuroides (S. alopecuroides) have alleviated morphine withdrawal in mice. Therefore, in this study, the alkaloid composition of S. alopecuroides extract was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis....
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description | The seeds of Sophora alopecuroides L. var. alopecuroides (S. alopecuroides) have alleviated morphine withdrawal in mice. Therefore, in this study, the alkaloid composition of S. alopecuroides extract was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Moreover, 50 abstinent opium addicts consumed three 400 mg extract capsules once daily and 50 other patients took placebo for 8 days. At the baseline and days 3 and 8, the clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS) was used to assess withdrawal symptoms. At the baseline and Day 8, the patients' blood levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase; serum glutamate pyruvate transferase; alkaline phosphatase; total, direct, and indirect bilirubins; creatinine and blood urea nitrogen; complete blood count; and prothrombine time were measured. The groups' parameter values were also compared. Sophocarpine, matrine, and sophoramine were the major alkaloids constituting, respectively, 32.85, 26.55, and 6.91% of the extract. The extract decreased the COWS score at Days 3 and 8 significantly compared with the placebo (p < .001). The extract did not significantly affect the blood parameters' values compared with the placebo (p > .05). There was no adverse drug effect. In conclusion, the extract reduces the acute opioid withdrawal symptoms and seems to have good safety and tolerability. |
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Therefore, in this study, the alkaloid composition of S. alopecuroides extract was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Moreover, 50 abstinent opium addicts consumed three 400 mg extract capsules once daily and 50 other patients took placebo for 8 days. At the baseline and days 3 and 8, the clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS) was used to assess withdrawal symptoms. At the baseline and Day 8, the patients' blood levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase; serum glutamate pyruvate transferase; alkaline phosphatase; total, direct, and indirect bilirubins; creatinine and blood urea nitrogen; complete blood count; and prothrombine time were measured. The groups' parameter values were also compared. Sophocarpine, matrine, and sophoramine were the major alkaloids constituting, respectively, 32.85, 26.55, and 6.91% of the extract. The extract decreased the COWS score at Days 3 and 8 significantly compared with the placebo (p < .001). The extract did not significantly affect the blood parameters' values compared with the placebo (p > .05). There was no adverse drug effect. In conclusion, the extract reduces the acute opioid withdrawal symptoms and seems to have good safety and tolerability.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0951-418X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1573</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6578</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31793731</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Addicts ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Alkaloids ; Blood ; Blood levels ; Cattle ; Chromatography ; Clinical trials ; Creatinine ; Detoxification ; Double-blind studies ; Drug abuse ; Drug withdrawal ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Morphine ; Narcotics ; opioid ; Opioids ; Parameters ; Pyruvic acid ; Safety ; Seeds ; Sophora alopecuroides ; Urea ; Withdrawal</subject><ispartof>Phytotherapy research, 2020-05, Vol.34 (5), p.1108-1113</ispartof><rights>2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3498-ab987b2d4232b02dea7a773eb81ae65728d3efc3d5a11fb29f8050c9b32f1bfe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3498-ab987b2d4232b02dea7a773eb81ae65728d3efc3d5a11fb29f8050c9b32f1bfe3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2086-248X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fptr.6578$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fptr.6578$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31793731$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kianbakht, Saeed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hajiaghaee, Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhondzadeh, Shahin</creatorcontrib><title>Efficacy and safety of Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides seed extract for opioid detoxification: A randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial</title><title>Phytotherapy research</title><addtitle>Phytother Res</addtitle><description>The seeds of Sophora alopecuroides L. var. alopecuroides (S. alopecuroides) have alleviated morphine withdrawal in mice. Therefore, in this study, the alkaloid composition of S. alopecuroides extract was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Moreover, 50 abstinent opium addicts consumed three 400 mg extract capsules once daily and 50 other patients took placebo for 8 days. At the baseline and days 3 and 8, the clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS) was used to assess withdrawal symptoms. At the baseline and Day 8, the patients' blood levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase; serum glutamate pyruvate transferase; alkaline phosphatase; total, direct, and indirect bilirubins; creatinine and blood urea nitrogen; complete blood count; and prothrombine time were measured. The groups' parameter values were also compared. Sophocarpine, matrine, and sophoramine were the major alkaloids constituting, respectively, 32.85, 26.55, and 6.91% of the extract. The extract decreased the COWS score at Days 3 and 8 significantly compared with the placebo (p < .001). The extract did not significantly affect the blood parameters' values compared with the placebo (p > .05). There was no adverse drug effect. In conclusion, the extract reduces the acute opioid withdrawal symptoms and seems to have good safety and tolerability.</description><subject>Addicts</subject><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Alkaloids</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood levels</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Detoxification</subject><subject>Double-blind studies</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drug withdrawal</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Morphine</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>opioid</subject><subject>Opioids</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Pyruvic acid</subject><subject>Safety</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Sophora alopecuroides</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Withdrawal</subject><issn>0951-418X</issn><issn>1099-1573</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kd1qFTEQx4Mo9lgFn0AC3njhHvNxtrvxrpRqhUKLVvBuyccEU3J21iRbe7zqI_RFfKk-iTm2KhS8Cpn58Zth_oQ852zJGRNvppKWe23XPyALzpRqeNvJh2TBVMubFe-_7JAnOZ8zxpRgq8dkR_JOyU7yBfl56H2w2m6oHh3N2kPZUPT0E05fMWmqI05g54TBQaYXOi3vlTKAo3BZkraFekwUp1A71EHBy7B1l4DjW7pPU52A6_AD3GvqcDYRbq6uTQxj_W-HT1FbMFiLFseSMMZqtrVfHZGWFHR8Sh55HTM8u3t3yed3h2cHR83xyfsPB_vHjZUr1TfaqL4zwq2EFIYJB7rTXSfB9FxDvZPonQRvpWs1594I5XvWMquMFJ4bD3KXvLr1Tgm_zZDLsA7ZQox6BJzzUL2s72TLeEVf3kPPcU5j3a5S9f57XEnxT2gT5pzAD1MKa502A2fDNsKhRjhsI6zoizvhbNbg_oJ_MqtAcwt8DxE2_xUNp2cffwt_AYanqvg</recordid><startdate>202005</startdate><enddate>202005</enddate><creator>Kianbakht, Saeed</creator><creator>Hajiaghaee, Reza</creator><creator>Akhondzadeh, Shahin</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-248X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202005</creationdate><title>Efficacy and safety of Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides seed extract for opioid detoxification: A randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial</title><author>Kianbakht, Saeed ; Hajiaghaee, Reza ; Akhondzadeh, Shahin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3498-ab987b2d4232b02dea7a773eb81ae65728d3efc3d5a11fb29f8050c9b32f1bfe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Addicts</topic><topic>Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>Alkaloids</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood levels</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Detoxification</topic><topic>Double-blind studies</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drug withdrawal</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Morphine</topic><topic>Narcotics</topic><topic>opioid</topic><topic>Opioids</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Pyruvic acid</topic><topic>Safety</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Sophora alopecuroides</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Withdrawal</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kianbakht, Saeed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hajiaghaee, Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhondzadeh, Shahin</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Phytotherapy research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kianbakht, Saeed</au><au>Hajiaghaee, Reza</au><au>Akhondzadeh, Shahin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Efficacy and safety of Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides seed extract for opioid detoxification: A randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial</atitle><jtitle>Phytotherapy research</jtitle><addtitle>Phytother Res</addtitle><date>2020-05</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1108</spage><epage>1113</epage><pages>1108-1113</pages><issn>0951-418X</issn><eissn>1099-1573</eissn><abstract>The seeds of Sophora alopecuroides L. var. alopecuroides (S. alopecuroides) have alleviated morphine withdrawal in mice. Therefore, in this study, the alkaloid composition of S. alopecuroides extract was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Moreover, 50 abstinent opium addicts consumed three 400 mg extract capsules once daily and 50 other patients took placebo for 8 days. At the baseline and days 3 and 8, the clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS) was used to assess withdrawal symptoms. At the baseline and Day 8, the patients' blood levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase; serum glutamate pyruvate transferase; alkaline phosphatase; total, direct, and indirect bilirubins; creatinine and blood urea nitrogen; complete blood count; and prothrombine time were measured. The groups' parameter values were also compared. Sophocarpine, matrine, and sophoramine were the major alkaloids constituting, respectively, 32.85, 26.55, and 6.91% of the extract. The extract decreased the COWS score at Days 3 and 8 significantly compared with the placebo (p < .001). The extract did not significantly affect the blood parameters' values compared with the placebo (p > .05). There was no adverse drug effect. In conclusion, the extract reduces the acute opioid withdrawal symptoms and seems to have good safety and tolerability.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>31793731</pmid><doi>10.1002/ptr.6578</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-248X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Addicts Alkaline phosphatase Alkaloids Blood Blood levels Cattle Chromatography Clinical trials Creatinine Detoxification Double-blind studies Drug abuse Drug withdrawal Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Morphine Narcotics opioid Opioids Parameters Pyruvic acid Safety Seeds Sophora alopecuroides Urea Withdrawal |
title | Efficacy and safety of Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides seed extract for opioid detoxification: A randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled clinical trial |
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