Strategies for improving the sustainability of structural metals
Metallic materials have enabled technological progress over thousands of years. The accelerated demand for structural (that is, load-bearing) alloys in key sectors such as energy, construction, safety and transportation is resulting in predicted production growth rates of up to 200 per cent until 20...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 2019-11, Vol.575 (7781), p.64-74 |
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| creator | Raabe, Dierk Tasan, C. Cem Olivetti, Elsa A. |
| description | Metallic materials have enabled technological progress over thousands of years. The accelerated demand for structural (that is, load-bearing) alloys in key sectors such as energy, construction, safety and transportation is resulting in predicted production growth rates of up to 200 per cent until 2050. Yet most of these materials require a lot of energy when extracted and manufactured and these processes emit large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollution. Here we review methods of improving the direct sustainability of structural metals, in areas including reduced-carbon-dioxide primary production, recycling, scrap-compatible alloy design, contaminant tolerance of alloys and improved alloy longevity. We discuss the effectiveness and technological readiness of individual measures and also show how novel structural materials enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties than currently available alloys.
Structural metals enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties; here, methods of improving the sustainability of structural metals, from recycling to contaminant tolerance, are described. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41586-019-1702-5 |
| format | Article |
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Structural metals enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties; here, methods of improving the sustainability of structural metals, from recycling to contaminant tolerance, are described.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1702-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31695209</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>639/301 ; 639/301/1023 ; 639/301/1023/1026 ; Additive manufacturing ; Alloy development ; Alloys ; Carbon dioxide ; Contaminants ; Corrosion ; Design for recycling ; Energy efficiency ; Environmental impact ; Green building (Construction) ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; Growth rate ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Industrial plant emissions ; Lasers ; Load bearing elements ; Mechanical properties ; Metal scrap ; Metals ; Methods ; multidisciplinary ; Primary production ; Review ; review-article ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Stainless steel ; Sustainability ; Thermal stability</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2019-11, Vol.575 (7781), p.64-74</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2019</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Nov 7, 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c705t-75b7e5519993d6b3814a4c76526adc982ab2efb72f77b3aaee147847bc9218d73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c705t-75b7e5519993d6b3814a4c76526adc982ab2efb72f77b3aaee147847bc9218d73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27926,27927</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31695209$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Raabe, Dierk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tasan, C. Cem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivetti, Elsa A.</creatorcontrib><title>Strategies for improving the sustainability of structural metals</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>Metallic materials have enabled technological progress over thousands of years. The accelerated demand for structural (that is, load-bearing) alloys in key sectors such as energy, construction, safety and transportation is resulting in predicted production growth rates of up to 200 per cent until 2050. Yet most of these materials require a lot of energy when extracted and manufactured and these processes emit large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollution. Here we review methods of improving the direct sustainability of structural metals, in areas including reduced-carbon-dioxide primary production, recycling, scrap-compatible alloy design, contaminant tolerance of alloys and improved alloy longevity. We discuss the effectiveness and technological readiness of individual measures and also show how novel structural materials enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties than currently available alloys.
Structural metals enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties; here, methods of improving the sustainability of structural metals, from recycling to contaminant tolerance, are described.</description><subject>639/301</subject><subject>639/301/1023</subject><subject>639/301/1023/1026</subject><subject>Additive manufacturing</subject><subject>Alloy development</subject><subject>Alloys</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Corrosion</subject><subject>Design for recycling</subject><subject>Energy efficiency</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Green building (Construction)</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>Growth rate</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Industrial plant emissions</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Load bearing elements</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Metal scrap</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Primary production</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>review-article</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Stainless steel</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kltLHTEUhUOx6NH6A_oig32xD7G5TC7zVpFqBaFQ2-eQyewZI3M5JplS_30zHFt7yil52JB8e-2dxULoLSXnlHD9IZZUaIkJrTBVhGHxCq1oqSQupVZ7aEUI05hoLg_QYYwPhBBBVbmPDjiVlWCkWqGPdynYBJ2HWLRTKPywDtMPP3ZFuocizjFZP9ra9z49FVNbxBRml-Zg-2KAZPv4Br1uc4Hj53qEvl99-nb5Gd9-ub65vLjFThGRsBK1AiFoVVW8kTXXtLSlU1IwaRtXaWZrBm2tWKtUza0FyB_RpapdxahuFD9CZxvdvN_jDDGZwUcHfW9HmOZoGKdMUyo1yei7f9CHaQ5j3m6hBOF5HH-hOtuD8WM7ZSfcImouZEmkElqLTOEdVAcjZAumEVqfr7f40x28W_tH8zd0vgPKp4HBu52q77caMpPgZ-rsHKO5ufu6zdIN68IUY4DWrIMfbHgylJglNmYTG5NjY5bYmKXn5NmxuR6g-dPxOycZYBsg5qexg_Bi6f9VfwFeO8hg</recordid><startdate>201911</startdate><enddate>201911</enddate><creator>Raabe, Dierk</creator><creator>Tasan, C. 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Cem</au><au>Olivetti, Elsa A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Strategies for improving the sustainability of structural metals</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2019-11</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>575</volume><issue>7781</issue><spage>64</spage><epage>74</epage><pages>64-74</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><abstract>Metallic materials have enabled technological progress over thousands of years. The accelerated demand for structural (that is, load-bearing) alloys in key sectors such as energy, construction, safety and transportation is resulting in predicted production growth rates of up to 200 per cent until 2050. Yet most of these materials require a lot of energy when extracted and manufactured and these processes emit large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollution. Here we review methods of improving the direct sustainability of structural metals, in areas including reduced-carbon-dioxide primary production, recycling, scrap-compatible alloy design, contaminant tolerance of alloys and improved alloy longevity. We discuss the effectiveness and technological readiness of individual measures and also show how novel structural materials enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties than currently available alloys.
Structural metals enable improved energy efficiency through their reduced mass, higher thermal stability and better mechanical properties; here, methods of improving the sustainability of structural metals, from recycling to contaminant tolerance, are described.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>31695209</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41586-019-1702-5</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 639/301 639/301/1023 639/301/1023/1026 Additive manufacturing Alloy development Alloys Carbon dioxide Contaminants Corrosion Design for recycling Energy efficiency Environmental impact Green building (Construction) Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Growth rate Humanities and Social Sciences Industrial plant emissions Lasers Load bearing elements Mechanical properties Metal scrap Metals Methods multidisciplinary Primary production Review review-article Science Science (multidisciplinary) Stainless steel Sustainability Thermal stability |
| title | Strategies for improving the sustainability of structural metals |
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