Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance
Objective: To investigate the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and P16 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: A total of 95 paraffin-embedded samples of tumorous tissue of HNSCC were collected. Expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The International journal of biological markers 2019-12, Vol.34 (4), p.398-405 |
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| creator | Chen, Shu-Wei Li, Si-Hao Shi, Ding-Bo Jiang, Wen-Mei Song, Ming Yang, An-Kui Li, Yu-Dong Bei, Jin-Xin Chen, Wen-Kuan Zhang, Quan |
| description | Objective:
To investigate the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and P16 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Methods:
A total of 95 paraffin-embedded samples of tumorous tissue of HNSCC were collected. Expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and P16 were determined by immunohistochemistry.
Results:
A significantly higher proportion of PD-1 among patients infected with the human papillomavirus was found. PD-L1 expression is closely associated with the primary site of the tumor, postoperative recurrence, survival, PD-1 expression and P16 expression. Univariable analysis indicated that T stage, N stage, tumor node metastasis stage, tumor differentiation, and PD-L1 expression were all shown to be prognostic variables for overall survival in patients with HNSCC. In the multivariate analysis, only N stage (P = 0.010) and PD-L1 expression (P = 0.001) were found to be independent prognostic variables for overall survival. In addition, for disease recurrence, multivariate analysis showed that only PD-L1 expression was the associated independent risk factor. For the patients with negative PD-L1 expression, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that they had significantly worse outcomes in terms of overall survival (P = 0.001). Similarly, compared with the patients with positive PD-L1 expression, those with negative PD-L1 expression had a higher probability of recurrence (P = 0.026).
Conclusions:
The expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and P16 in HNSCC is significantly correlated. Human papillomavirus infection (P16 positive) is negatively related to postoperative recurrence. HNSCC patients with positive PD-L1/PD-1 expression tend to have better overall survival outcomes and lower probability of recurrence, providing more evidence for the PD-l-targeted immunotherapy of HNSCC. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1724600819884722 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2311658515</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_1724600819884722</sage_id><sourcerecordid>2327280194</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6c712e2ac0d66819bec2f03781c49247cff423e7212c6f75d17a8b0b77cd0633</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kM1PwyAYxonRuDm9ezIkXrxUeSmF7mjm_EiW6EHPDaUwmS3dYE30v5e6-ZElXuDNm9_z8PAgdArkEkCIKxCUcUJyGOc5E5TuoWG_Svrd_p95gI5CWBBCgQh-iAYpcMGiZIiK6fvS6xBs63Br8NNNAlfxmAG2Dr9qWWHpKuy0esNh1cmm7QJWuq6xkl5Z1zbyC7DruK6ts0rWONi5syaOTuljdGBkHfTJ9h6hl9vp8-Q-mT3ePUyuZ4liRKwTzZUAqqlUpOI8_qfUihqSihwUG1MmlDGMplpQoIobkVUgZF6SUghVEZ6mI3Sx8V36dtXpsC4aG_qg0umYuaApAM_yDLKInu-gi7bzLqaLFBU0JzBmkSIbSvk2BK9NsfS2kf6jAFL05Re75UfJ2da4Kxtd_Qi-245AsgGCnOvfV_81_AQnI4lI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2327280194</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Chen, Shu-Wei ; Li, Si-Hao ; Shi, Ding-Bo ; Jiang, Wen-Mei ; Song, Ming ; Yang, An-Kui ; Li, Yu-Dong ; Bei, Jin-Xin ; Chen, Wen-Kuan ; Zhang, Quan</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shu-Wei ; Li, Si-Hao ; Shi, Ding-Bo ; Jiang, Wen-Mei ; Song, Ming ; Yang, An-Kui ; Li, Yu-Dong ; Bei, Jin-Xin ; Chen, Wen-Kuan ; Zhang, Quan</creatorcontrib><description>Objective:
To investigate the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and P16 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Methods:
A total of 95 paraffin-embedded samples of tumorous tissue of HNSCC were collected. Expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and P16 were determined by immunohistochemistry.
Results:
A significantly higher proportion of PD-1 among patients infected with the human papillomavirus was found. PD-L1 expression is closely associated with the primary site of the tumor, postoperative recurrence, survival, PD-1 expression and P16 expression. Univariable analysis indicated that T stage, N stage, tumor node metastasis stage, tumor differentiation, and PD-L1 expression were all shown to be prognostic variables for overall survival in patients with HNSCC. In the multivariate analysis, only N stage (P = 0.010) and PD-L1 expression (P = 0.001) were found to be independent prognostic variables for overall survival. In addition, for disease recurrence, multivariate analysis showed that only PD-L1 expression was the associated independent risk factor. For the patients with negative PD-L1 expression, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that they had significantly worse outcomes in terms of overall survival (P = 0.001). Similarly, compared with the patients with positive PD-L1 expression, those with negative PD-L1 expression had a higher probability of recurrence (P = 0.026).
Conclusions:
The expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and P16 in HNSCC is significantly correlated. Human papillomavirus infection (P16 positive) is negatively related to postoperative recurrence. HNSCC patients with positive PD-L1/PD-1 expression tend to have better overall survival outcomes and lower probability of recurrence, providing more evidence for the PD-l-targeted immunotherapy of HNSCC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1724-6008</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0393-6155</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1724-6008</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1724600819884722</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31674884</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; B7-H1 Antigen - biosynthesis ; B7-H1 Antigen - immunology ; Clinical significance ; Female ; Head & neck cancer ; Head and Neck Neoplasms - genetics ; Head and Neck Neoplasms - immunology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms - mortality ; Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology ; Human papillomavirus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Medical prognosis ; Metastases ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate analysis ; Paraffin ; PD-1 protein ; PD-L1 protein ; Prognosis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - biosynthesis ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology ; Risk factors ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - genetics ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - immunology ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - mortality ; Survival Analysis</subject><ispartof>The International journal of biological markers, 2019-12, Vol.34 (4), p.398-405</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6c712e2ac0d66819bec2f03781c49247cff423e7212c6f75d17a8b0b77cd0633</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6c712e2ac0d66819bec2f03781c49247cff423e7212c6f75d17a8b0b77cd0633</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6990-2649</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1724600819884722$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1724600819884722$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,21945,27830,27901,27902,44921,45309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31674884$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shu-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Si-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Ding-Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Wen-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, An-Kui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yu-Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bei, Jin-Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Wen-Kuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Quan</creatorcontrib><title>Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance</title><title>The International journal of biological markers</title><addtitle>Int J Biol Markers</addtitle><description>Objective:
To investigate the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and P16 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Methods:
A total of 95 paraffin-embedded samples of tumorous tissue of HNSCC were collected. Expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and P16 were determined by immunohistochemistry.
Results:
A significantly higher proportion of PD-1 among patients infected with the human papillomavirus was found. PD-L1 expression is closely associated with the primary site of the tumor, postoperative recurrence, survival, PD-1 expression and P16 expression. Univariable analysis indicated that T stage, N stage, tumor node metastasis stage, tumor differentiation, and PD-L1 expression were all shown to be prognostic variables for overall survival in patients with HNSCC. In the multivariate analysis, only N stage (P = 0.010) and PD-L1 expression (P = 0.001) were found to be independent prognostic variables for overall survival. In addition, for disease recurrence, multivariate analysis showed that only PD-L1 expression was the associated independent risk factor. For the patients with negative PD-L1 expression, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that they had significantly worse outcomes in terms of overall survival (P = 0.001). Similarly, compared with the patients with positive PD-L1 expression, those with negative PD-L1 expression had a higher probability of recurrence (P = 0.026).
Conclusions:
The expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and P16 in HNSCC is significantly correlated. Human papillomavirus infection (P16 positive) is negatively related to postoperative recurrence. HNSCC patients with positive PD-L1/PD-1 expression tend to have better overall survival outcomes and lower probability of recurrence, providing more evidence for the PD-l-targeted immunotherapy of HNSCC.</description><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>B7-H1 Antigen - biosynthesis</subject><subject>B7-H1 Antigen - immunology</subject><subject>Clinical significance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Head & neck cancer</subject><subject>Head and Neck Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Head and Neck Neoplasms - immunology</subject><subject>Head and Neck Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Human papillomavirus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Paraffin</subject><subject>PD-1 protein</subject><subject>PD-L1 protein</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - genetics</subject><subject>Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - immunology</subject><subject>Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - mortality</subject><subject>Survival Analysis</subject><issn>1724-6008</issn><issn>0393-6155</issn><issn>1724-6008</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFRWT</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM1PwyAYxonRuDm9ezIkXrxUeSmF7mjm_EiW6EHPDaUwmS3dYE30v5e6-ZElXuDNm9_z8PAgdArkEkCIKxCUcUJyGOc5E5TuoWG_Svrd_p95gI5CWBBCgQh-iAYpcMGiZIiK6fvS6xBs63Br8NNNAlfxmAG2Dr9qWWHpKuy0esNh1cmm7QJWuq6xkl5Z1zbyC7DruK6ts0rWONi5syaOTuljdGBkHfTJ9h6hl9vp8-Q-mT3ePUyuZ4liRKwTzZUAqqlUpOI8_qfUihqSihwUG1MmlDGMplpQoIobkVUgZF6SUghVEZ6mI3Sx8V36dtXpsC4aG_qg0umYuaApAM_yDLKInu-gi7bzLqaLFBU0JzBmkSIbSvk2BK9NsfS2kf6jAFL05Re75UfJ2da4Kxtd_Qi-245AsgGCnOvfV_81_AQnI4lI</recordid><startdate>201912</startdate><enddate>201912</enddate><creator>Chen, Shu-Wei</creator><creator>Li, Si-Hao</creator><creator>Shi, Ding-Bo</creator><creator>Jiang, Wen-Mei</creator><creator>Song, Ming</creator><creator>Yang, An-Kui</creator><creator>Li, Yu-Dong</creator><creator>Bei, Jin-Xin</creator><creator>Chen, Wen-Kuan</creator><creator>Zhang, Quan</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>AFRWT</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6990-2649</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201912</creationdate><title>Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance</title><author>Chen, Shu-Wei ; Li, Si-Hao ; Shi, Ding-Bo ; Jiang, Wen-Mei ; Song, Ming ; Yang, An-Kui ; Li, Yu-Dong ; Bei, Jin-Xin ; Chen, Wen-Kuan ; Zhang, Quan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6c712e2ac0d66819bec2f03781c49247cff423e7212c6f75d17a8b0b77cd0633</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>B7-H1 Antigen - biosynthesis</topic><topic>B7-H1 Antigen - immunology</topic><topic>Clinical significance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Head & neck cancer</topic><topic>Head and Neck Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Head and Neck Neoplasms - immunology</topic><topic>Head and Neck Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Human papillomavirus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Paraffin</topic><topic>PD-1 protein</topic><topic>PD-L1 protein</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Squamous cell carcinoma</topic><topic>Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - genetics</topic><topic>Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - immunology</topic><topic>Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - mortality</topic><topic>Survival Analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shu-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Si-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Ding-Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Wen-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, An-Kui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yu-Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bei, Jin-Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Wen-Kuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Quan</creatorcontrib><collection>Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The International journal of biological markers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Shu-Wei</au><au>Li, Si-Hao</au><au>Shi, Ding-Bo</au><au>Jiang, Wen-Mei</au><au>Song, Ming</au><au>Yang, An-Kui</au><au>Li, Yu-Dong</au><au>Bei, Jin-Xin</au><au>Chen, Wen-Kuan</au><au>Zhang, Quan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance</atitle><jtitle>The International journal of biological markers</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Biol Markers</addtitle><date>2019-12</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>398</spage><epage>405</epage><pages>398-405</pages><issn>1724-6008</issn><issn>0393-6155</issn><eissn>1724-6008</eissn><abstract>Objective:
To investigate the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and P16 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Methods:
A total of 95 paraffin-embedded samples of tumorous tissue of HNSCC were collected. Expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and P16 were determined by immunohistochemistry.
Results:
A significantly higher proportion of PD-1 among patients infected with the human papillomavirus was found. PD-L1 expression is closely associated with the primary site of the tumor, postoperative recurrence, survival, PD-1 expression and P16 expression. Univariable analysis indicated that T stage, N stage, tumor node metastasis stage, tumor differentiation, and PD-L1 expression were all shown to be prognostic variables for overall survival in patients with HNSCC. In the multivariate analysis, only N stage (P = 0.010) and PD-L1 expression (P = 0.001) were found to be independent prognostic variables for overall survival. In addition, for disease recurrence, multivariate analysis showed that only PD-L1 expression was the associated independent risk factor. For the patients with negative PD-L1 expression, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that they had significantly worse outcomes in terms of overall survival (P = 0.001). Similarly, compared with the patients with positive PD-L1 expression, those with negative PD-L1 expression had a higher probability of recurrence (P = 0.026).
Conclusions:
The expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and P16 in HNSCC is significantly correlated. Human papillomavirus infection (P16 positive) is negatively related to postoperative recurrence. HNSCC patients with positive PD-L1/PD-1 expression tend to have better overall survival outcomes and lower probability of recurrence, providing more evidence for the PD-l-targeted immunotherapy of HNSCC.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>31674884</pmid><doi>10.1177/1724600819884722</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6990-2649</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The International journal of biological markers, 2019-12, Vol.34 (4), p.398-405 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Apoptosis B7-H1 Antigen - biosynthesis B7-H1 Antigen - immunology Clinical significance Female Head & neck cancer Head and Neck Neoplasms - genetics Head and Neck Neoplasms - immunology Head and Neck Neoplasms - mortality Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology Human papillomavirus Humans Immunohistochemistry Immunotherapy Male Medical prognosis Metastases Middle Aged Multivariate analysis Paraffin PD-1 protein PD-L1 protein Prognosis Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - biosynthesis Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology Risk factors Squamous cell carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - genetics Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - immunology Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck - mortality Survival Analysis |
| title | Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance |
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