Increased cerebellar–default-mode network connectivity at rest in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Abnormalities of the cerebellum and default-mode network (DMN) in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have been widely reported. However, alterations of reciprocal functional connections between the cerebellum and DMN at rest in OCD remain unclear. Forty patients with OCD and 38 gender-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to analyze the imaging data. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD exhibited increased FCs between the left Crus I–left superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and between the right Crus I–left superior MPFC, left middle MPFC, and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). A significantly negative correlation was observed between the right Crus I–left MTG connectivity and the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale compulsion subscale scores in the OCD group ( r = − 0.476, p = 0.002, Bonferroni corrected). SVM classification analysis indicated that a combination of the left Crus I–left superior MPFC connectivity and the right Crus I–left middle MPFC connectivity can be used to discriminate patients with OCD from HCs with a sensitivity of 85.00%, specificity of 68.42%, and accuracy of 76.92%. Our study highlights the contribution of the cerebellar–DMN connectivity in OCD pathophysiology and provides new findings to OCD research.