Sex-related differences in olfactory function and evaluation of possible confounding factors among patients with Parkinson’s disease
The role of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions excluding the possibility of confounding effects in patients with Parkinson...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of neurology 2020, Vol.267 (1), p.57-63 |
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| container_title | Journal of neurology |
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| creator | Solla, P. Masala, C. Liscia, A. Piras, R. Ercoli, T. Fadda, L. Hummel, T. Haenher, A. Defazio, G. |
| description | The role of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions excluding the possibility of confounding effects in patients with Parkinson’s disease. One hundred and sixty-eight participants (99 PD patients and 69 controls) were enrolled and evaluated using Sniffin’ Sticks Extended test (SSET). There was no significant sex difference in the control group for the SSET parameters. By contrast, in the PD group male patients scored significantly lower on odor discrimination (OD), identification (OI), and Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score than females. On multivariable linear regression analysis, the only significant predictors of TDI score were sex and apathy. Among PD patients, men showed a significantly greater impairment compared to women in OI, OD and TDI score, but not in odor threshold (OT). These findings highlighted the possible role of sex differences in the development of associated PD non-motor symptoms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00415-019-09551-2 |
| format | Article |
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The aim of this study was to assess the presence of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions excluding the possibility of confounding effects in patients with Parkinson’s disease. One hundred and sixty-eight participants (99 PD patients and 69 controls) were enrolled and evaluated using Sniffin’ Sticks Extended test (SSET). There was no significant sex difference in the control group for the SSET parameters. By contrast, in the PD group male patients scored significantly lower on odor discrimination (OD), identification (OI), and Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score than females. On multivariable linear regression analysis, the only significant predictors of TDI score were sex and apathy. Among PD patients, men showed a significantly greater impairment compared to women in OI, OD and TDI score, but not in odor threshold (OT). These findings highlighted the possible role of sex differences in the development of associated PD non-motor symptoms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0340-5354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1459</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09551-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31555978</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aged ; Confounding (Statistics) ; Emotional behavior ; Female ; Gender differences ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Movement disorders ; Neurodegenerative diseases ; Neurology ; Neuroradiology ; Neurosciences ; Odor thresholds ; Olfaction ; Olfaction Disorders - etiology ; Olfaction Disorders - physiopathology ; Olfactory discrimination ; Olfactory discrimination learning ; Original Communication ; Parkinson Disease - complications ; Parkinson Disease - physiopathology ; Parkinson's disease ; Sensory Thresholds - physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex differences</subject><ispartof>Journal of neurology, 2020, Vol.267 (1), p.57-63</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Journal of Neurology is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-b2356c0d2113799b953718b4e2cbdb1dbfcc264f961a6b9ec1e62210444ec3593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-b2356c0d2113799b953718b4e2cbdb1dbfcc264f961a6b9ec1e62210444ec3593</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5272-8421</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00415-019-09551-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00415-019-09551-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31555978$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Solla, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masala, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liscia, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piras, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ercoli, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fadda, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hummel, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haenher, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Defazio, G.</creatorcontrib><title>Sex-related differences in olfactory function and evaluation of possible confounding factors among patients with Parkinson’s disease</title><title>Journal of neurology</title><addtitle>J Neurol</addtitle><addtitle>J Neurol</addtitle><description>The role of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions excluding the possibility of confounding effects in patients with Parkinson’s disease. One hundred and sixty-eight participants (99 PD patients and 69 controls) were enrolled and evaluated using Sniffin’ Sticks Extended test (SSET). There was no significant sex difference in the control group for the SSET parameters. By contrast, in the PD group male patients scored significantly lower on odor discrimination (OD), identification (OI), and Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score than females. On multivariable linear regression analysis, the only significant predictors of TDI score were sex and apathy. Among PD patients, men showed a significantly greater impairment compared to women in OI, OD and TDI score, but not in odor threshold (OT). These findings highlighted the possible role of sex differences in the development of associated PD non-motor symptoms.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Confounding (Statistics)</subject><subject>Emotional behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Movement disorders</subject><subject>Neurodegenerative diseases</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Odor thresholds</subject><subject>Olfaction</subject><subject>Olfaction Disorders - etiology</subject><subject>Olfaction Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Olfactory discrimination</subject><subject>Olfactory discrimination learning</subject><subject>Original Communication</subject><subject>Parkinson Disease - complications</subject><subject>Parkinson Disease - physiopathology</subject><subject>Parkinson's disease</subject><subject>Sensory Thresholds - physiology</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><issn>0340-5354</issn><issn>1432-1459</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc2KFTEQhYMoznX0BVxIwI2baCo_nc5SBv9gQEFdh3S6MvbYN7km3ersXPkOvp5PYmZ6VHDhqijqO6eKOoTcB_4YODdPKucKNONgGbdaAxM3yA6UFAyUtjfJjkvFmZZaHZE7tZ5zzvs2uE2OJGitrel35Ptb_MoKzn7BkY5TjFgwBax0SjTP0Ycllwsa1xSWKSfq00jxs59Xf9XmSA-51mmYkYacYl7TOKUzuukq9fvcukODMS2VfpmWD_SNLx-nVHP6-e1HbSsr-op3ya3o54r3rusxef_82buTl-z09YtXJ09PWZBGL2wQUneBjwJAGmsHq6WBflAowjAOMA4xBNGpaDvw3WAxAHZCAFdKYZDaymPyaPM9lPxpxbq4_VQDzrNPmNfqhLA9KNML09CH_6DneS2pXXdJddaCMdAosVGhtEcUjO5Qpr0vFw64u0zJbSm5lpK7SsmJJnpwbb0Oexz_SH7H0gC5AbWN0hmWv7v_Y_sL7N-gVQ</recordid><startdate>2020</startdate><enddate>2020</enddate><creator>Solla, P.</creator><creator>Masala, C.</creator><creator>Liscia, A.</creator><creator>Piras, R.</creator><creator>Ercoli, T.</creator><creator>Fadda, L.</creator><creator>Hummel, T.</creator><creator>Haenher, A.</creator><creator>Defazio, G.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-8421</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2020</creationdate><title>Sex-related differences in olfactory function and evaluation of possible confounding factors among patients with Parkinson’s disease</title><author>Solla, P. ; 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The aim of this study was to assess the presence of specific sex-related patterns in olfactory dysfunctions excluding the possibility of confounding effects in patients with Parkinson’s disease. One hundred and sixty-eight participants (99 PD patients and 69 controls) were enrolled and evaluated using Sniffin’ Sticks Extended test (SSET). There was no significant sex difference in the control group for the SSET parameters. By contrast, in the PD group male patients scored significantly lower on odor discrimination (OD), identification (OI), and Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) score than females. On multivariable linear regression analysis, the only significant predictors of TDI score were sex and apathy. Among PD patients, men showed a significantly greater impairment compared to women in OI, OD and TDI score, but not in odor threshold (OT). These findings highlighted the possible role of sex differences in the development of associated PD non-motor symptoms.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>31555978</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00415-019-09551-2</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-8421</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of neurology, 2020, Vol.267 (1), p.57-63 |
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| subjects | Aged Confounding (Statistics) Emotional behavior Female Gender differences Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Movement disorders Neurodegenerative diseases Neurology Neuroradiology Neurosciences Odor thresholds Olfaction Olfaction Disorders - etiology Olfaction Disorders - physiopathology Olfactory discrimination Olfactory discrimination learning Original Communication Parkinson Disease - complications Parkinson Disease - physiopathology Parkinson's disease Sensory Thresholds - physiology Sex Characteristics Sex differences |
| title | Sex-related differences in olfactory function and evaluation of possible confounding factors among patients with Parkinson’s disease |
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