The effect of covalently bonded aryl layers on the band bending and electron density of SnO2 surfaces probed by synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Tin(iv) dioxide (SnO2) is a technologically important transparent conducting oxide with high chemical stability. In air, the SnO2 surface is terminated with hydroxyl groups which cause the electronic bands to bend downward at the surface capturing a two-dimensional surface electron accumulation laye...

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