Publication bias may exist among prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound
AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess if there is evidence of publication bias in prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) for adverse perinatal outcome. Study Design and SettingWe queried PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library,...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of clinical epidemiology 2019-12, Vol.116, p.1-8 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 8 |
---|---|
container_issue | |
container_start_page | 1 |
container_title | Journal of clinical epidemiology |
container_volume | 116 |
creator | Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A Korevaar, Daniël A Mol, Ben Willem J Bax, Caroline J de Groot, Christianne J.M de Boer, Marjon A Bossuyt, Patrick M.M |
description | AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess if there is evidence of publication bias in prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) for adverse perinatal outcome. Study Design and SettingWe queried PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov and searched abstract books of five perinatal conferences (1989–2017). We included prognostic accuracy studies on MCA and/or CPR. Highest reported accuracy estimates, sample size, study design, and conclusion positivity were extracted and compared. ResultsWe included 127 full-text articles and 51 conference abstracts, 29 of which had not been reported as full-text article. In conference abstracts not reported in full, median negative predictive value was significantly lower compared to full-text articles (0.79 [interquartile range 0.67–0.97] vs. 0.95 [0.89–0.99]; P |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.016 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2268311357</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0895435619303749</els_id><sourcerecordid>2319722714</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-df7e00e0392fbbb6ded57cc02b026847c0c9ae11993e8d88860360cae70a9c1f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFks1u1TAQhS0EoreFV6gssWGTMLaTON4gUIGCVAkkYG059qRySOKLnSDy9ji6bRfdsBpp9M2ZnzOEXDIoGbDmzVAOdvQzHn3JgakSZJnTT8iBtbItasXZU3KAVtVFJermjJynNAAwCbJ-Ts4EE7ISAg7Ef1u70Vuz-DDTzptEJ7NR_OvTQs0U5lt6jOF2Dmnxlhpr12jsRtOyOo-Jhp5O3rkRqcWIXTQjNXHBuNEP4XgcMdJ1XKJJYZ3dC_KsN2PCl3fxgvz89PHH1efi5uv1l6v3N4WtarYUrpcIgCAU77uuaxy6WloLvAPetJW0YJVBxpQS2Lq2bRsQDViDEoyyrBcX5PVJNw_-e8W06Mkni-NoZgxr0jzLCMZELTP66hE6hDXOeTrNBVOSc8mqTDUnysaQUsReH6OfTNw0A72boQd9b4bezdAgdU7nwss7-bWb0D2U3V8_A-9OAOZ7_PEYdbIeZ4vOR7SLdsH_v8fbRxI7lQ0df-GG6WEfphPXoL_vL7F_BFO5v6yU-AfGUbSv</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2319722714</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Publication bias may exist among prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A ; Korevaar, Daniël A ; Mol, Ben Willem J ; Bax, Caroline J ; de Groot, Christianne J.M ; de Boer, Marjon A ; Bossuyt, Patrick M.M</creator><creatorcontrib>Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A ; Korevaar, Daniël A ; Mol, Ben Willem J ; Bax, Caroline J ; de Groot, Christianne J.M ; de Boer, Marjon A ; Bossuyt, Patrick M.M</creatorcontrib><description>AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess if there is evidence of publication bias in prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) for adverse perinatal outcome. Study Design and SettingWe queried PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov and searched abstract books of five perinatal conferences (1989–2017). We included prognostic accuracy studies on MCA and/or CPR. Highest reported accuracy estimates, sample size, study design, and conclusion positivity were extracted and compared. ResultsWe included 127 full-text articles and 51 conference abstracts, 29 of which had not been reported as full-text article. In conference abstracts not reported in full, median negative predictive value was significantly lower compared to full-text articles (0.79 [interquartile range 0.67–0.97] vs. 0.95 [0.89–0.99]; P < 0.001). No significant difference was identified for positive predictive value (0.62 vs. 0.59; P = 0.827), sensitivity (0.67 vs. 0.71; P = 0.159), and specificity (0.86 vs. 0.86; P = 0.632). Study design differed significantly as well ( P = 0.030), with fewer prospective studies in conference abstracts not reported in full compared to full-text articles (28% vs. 54%). We found no significant differences in sample size or conclusion positivity. ConclusionPossibly, a publication bias in previously published meta-analyses of MCA and CPR has led to overly generous estimates of prognostic performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0895-4356</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-5921</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31374330</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Bias ; Brain research ; Cerebroplacental ratio ; Design ; Doppler ; Doppler effect ; Epidemiology ; Estimates ; Female ; Fetal growth restriction ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Medical prognosis ; Medical tests ; Meta-analysis ; Middle cerebral artery ; Middle Cerebral Artery - diagnostic imaging ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Prognostic accuracy ; Prospective Studies ; Publication bias ; Publication Bias - statistics & numerical data ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Selective reporting ; Studies ; Systematic review ; Systematic reviews ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Doppler - methods ; Ultrasound ; Writing</subject><ispartof>Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2019-12, Vol.116, p.1-8</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2019 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2019. Elsevier Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-df7e00e0392fbbb6ded57cc02b026847c0c9ae11993e8d88860360cae70a9c1f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-df7e00e0392fbbb6ded57cc02b026847c0c9ae11993e8d88860360cae70a9c1f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895435619303749$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31374330$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korevaar, Daniël A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mol, Ben Willem J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bax, Caroline J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Groot, Christianne J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Boer, Marjon A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bossuyt, Patrick M.M</creatorcontrib><title>Publication bias may exist among prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound</title><title>Journal of clinical epidemiology</title><addtitle>J Clin Epidemiol</addtitle><description>AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess if there is evidence of publication bias in prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) for adverse perinatal outcome. Study Design and SettingWe queried PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov and searched abstract books of five perinatal conferences (1989–2017). We included prognostic accuracy studies on MCA and/or CPR. Highest reported accuracy estimates, sample size, study design, and conclusion positivity were extracted and compared. ResultsWe included 127 full-text articles and 51 conference abstracts, 29 of which had not been reported as full-text article. In conference abstracts not reported in full, median negative predictive value was significantly lower compared to full-text articles (0.79 [interquartile range 0.67–0.97] vs. 0.95 [0.89–0.99]; P < 0.001). No significant difference was identified for positive predictive value (0.62 vs. 0.59; P = 0.827), sensitivity (0.67 vs. 0.71; P = 0.159), and specificity (0.86 vs. 0.86; P = 0.632). Study design differed significantly as well ( P = 0.030), with fewer prospective studies in conference abstracts not reported in full compared to full-text articles (28% vs. 54%). We found no significant differences in sample size or conclusion positivity. ConclusionPossibly, a publication bias in previously published meta-analyses of MCA and CPR has led to overly generous estimates of prognostic performance.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cerebroplacental ratio</subject><subject>Design</subject><subject>Doppler</subject><subject>Doppler effect</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetal growth restriction</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Medical tests</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Middle cerebral artery</subject><subject>Middle Cerebral Artery - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Prognostic accuracy</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Publication bias</subject><subject>Publication Bias - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Research Design</subject><subject>Selective reporting</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Systematic reviews</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler - methods</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Writing</subject><issn>0895-4356</issn><issn>1878-5921</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1u1TAQhS0EoreFV6gssWGTMLaTON4gUIGCVAkkYG059qRySOKLnSDy9ji6bRfdsBpp9M2ZnzOEXDIoGbDmzVAOdvQzHn3JgakSZJnTT8iBtbItasXZU3KAVtVFJermjJynNAAwCbJ-Ts4EE7ISAg7Ef1u70Vuz-DDTzptEJ7NR_OvTQs0U5lt6jOF2Dmnxlhpr12jsRtOyOo-Jhp5O3rkRqcWIXTQjNXHBuNEP4XgcMdJ1XKJJYZ3dC_KsN2PCl3fxgvz89PHH1efi5uv1l6v3N4WtarYUrpcIgCAU77uuaxy6WloLvAPetJW0YJVBxpQS2Lq2bRsQDViDEoyyrBcX5PVJNw_-e8W06Mkni-NoZgxr0jzLCMZELTP66hE6hDXOeTrNBVOSc8mqTDUnysaQUsReH6OfTNw0A72boQd9b4bezdAgdU7nwss7-bWb0D2U3V8_A-9OAOZ7_PEYdbIeZ4vOR7SLdsH_v8fbRxI7lQ0df-GG6WEfphPXoL_vL7F_BFO5v6yU-AfGUbSv</recordid><startdate>20191201</startdate><enddate>20191201</enddate><creator>Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A</creator><creator>Korevaar, Daniël A</creator><creator>Mol, Ben Willem J</creator><creator>Bax, Caroline J</creator><creator>de Groot, Christianne J.M</creator><creator>de Boer, Marjon A</creator><creator>Bossuyt, Patrick M.M</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20191201</creationdate><title>Publication bias may exist among prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound</title><author>Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A ; Korevaar, Daniël A ; Mol, Ben Willem J ; Bax, Caroline J ; de Groot, Christianne J.M ; de Boer, Marjon A ; Bossuyt, Patrick M.M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-df7e00e0392fbbb6ded57cc02b026847c0c9ae11993e8d88860360cae70a9c1f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Bias</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Cerebroplacental ratio</topic><topic>Design</topic><topic>Doppler</topic><topic>Doppler effect</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetal growth restriction</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Medical tests</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Middle cerebral artery</topic><topic>Middle Cerebral Artery - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Obstetrics</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Prognostic accuracy</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Publication bias</topic><topic>Publication Bias - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Research Design</topic><topic>Selective reporting</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Systematic reviews</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Doppler - methods</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Writing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korevaar, Daniël A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mol, Ben Willem J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bax, Caroline J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Groot, Christianne J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Boer, Marjon A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bossuyt, Patrick M.M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of clinical epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vollgraff Heidweiller-Schreurs, Charlotte A</au><au>Korevaar, Daniël A</au><au>Mol, Ben Willem J</au><au>Bax, Caroline J</au><au>de Groot, Christianne J.M</au><au>de Boer, Marjon A</au><au>Bossuyt, Patrick M.M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Publication bias may exist among prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound</atitle><jtitle>Journal of clinical epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2019-12-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>116</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>8</epage><pages>1-8</pages><issn>0895-4356</issn><eissn>1878-5921</eissn><abstract>AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess if there is evidence of publication bias in prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) for adverse perinatal outcome. Study Design and SettingWe queried PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov and searched abstract books of five perinatal conferences (1989–2017). We included prognostic accuracy studies on MCA and/or CPR. Highest reported accuracy estimates, sample size, study design, and conclusion positivity were extracted and compared. ResultsWe included 127 full-text articles and 51 conference abstracts, 29 of which had not been reported as full-text article. In conference abstracts not reported in full, median negative predictive value was significantly lower compared to full-text articles (0.79 [interquartile range 0.67–0.97] vs. 0.95 [0.89–0.99]; P < 0.001). No significant difference was identified for positive predictive value (0.62 vs. 0.59; P = 0.827), sensitivity (0.67 vs. 0.71; P = 0.159), and specificity (0.86 vs. 0.86; P = 0.632). Study design differed significantly as well ( P = 0.030), with fewer prospective studies in conference abstracts not reported in full compared to full-text articles (28% vs. 54%). We found no significant differences in sample size or conclusion positivity. ConclusionPossibly, a publication bias in previously published meta-analyses of MCA and CPR has led to overly generous estimates of prognostic performance.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>31374330</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.016</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0895-4356 |
ispartof | Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2019-12, Vol.116, p.1-8 |
issn | 0895-4356 1878-5921 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2268311357 |
source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
subjects | Accuracy Bias Brain research Cerebroplacental ratio Design Doppler Doppler effect Epidemiology Estimates Female Fetal growth restriction Humans Internal Medicine Medical prognosis Medical tests Meta-analysis Middle cerebral artery Middle Cerebral Artery - diagnostic imaging Obstetrics Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology Prognosis Prognostic accuracy Prospective Studies Publication bias Publication Bias - statistics & numerical data Reproducibility of Results Research Design Selective reporting Studies Systematic review Systematic reviews Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonography, Doppler - methods Ultrasound Writing |
title | Publication bias may exist among prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-14T07%3A42%3A08IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Publication%20bias%20may%20exist%20among%20prognostic%20accuracy%20studies%20of%20middle%20cerebral%20artery%20Doppler%20ultrasound&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20clinical%20epidemiology&rft.au=Vollgraff%20Heidweiller-Schreurs,%20Charlotte%20A&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.volume=116&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=8&rft.pages=1-8&rft.issn=0895-4356&rft.eissn=1878-5921&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.016&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2319722714%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2319722714&rft_id=info:pmid/31374330&rft_els_id=S0895435619303749&rfr_iscdi=true |