Tetrahydrobiopterin treatment in phenylketonuria: A repurposing approach

In phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, early diagnosis by neonatal screening and immediate institution of a phenylalanine‐restricted diet can prevent severe intellectual impairment. Nevertheless, outcome remains suboptimal in some patients asking for additional treatment strategies. Tetrahydrobiopterin...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of inherited metabolic disease 2020-03, Vol.43 (2), p.189-199
Hauptverfasser: Evers, Roeland A. F., Vliet, Danique, Spronsen, Francjan J.
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container_title Journal of inherited metabolic disease
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creator Evers, Roeland A. F.
Vliet, Danique
Spronsen, Francjan J.
description In phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, early diagnosis by neonatal screening and immediate institution of a phenylalanine‐restricted diet can prevent severe intellectual impairment. Nevertheless, outcome remains suboptimal in some patients asking for additional treatment strategies. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) could be one of those treatment options, as it may not only increase residual phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in BH4‐responsive PKU patients, but possibly also directly improves neurocognitive functioning in both BH4‐responsive and BH4‐unresponsive PKU patients. In the present review, we aim to further define the theoretical working mechanisms by which BH4 might directly influence neurocognitive functioning in PKU having passed the blood‐brain barrier. Further research should investigate which of these mechanisms are actually involved, and should contribute to the development of an optimal BH4 treatment regimen to directly improve neurocognitive functioning in PKU. Such possible repurposing approach of BH4 treatment in PKU may improve neuropsychological outcome and mental health in both BH4‐responsive and BH4‐unresponsive PKU patients.
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subjects Biopterins - analogs & derivatives
Biopterins - therapeutic use
Blood-brain barrier
brain
Cognition
Humans
Hydroxylase
Infant, Newborn
Neonatal Screening
Neonates
neurocognitive functioning
neurotransmitters
Nutrient deficiency
Oxidative Stress
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine - blood
Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase
Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonurias - drug therapy
Tetrahydrobiopterin
treatment
White Matter
title Tetrahydrobiopterin treatment in phenylketonuria: A repurposing approach
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