Therapeutic High‐Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Concurrently Improves Mood and Anxiety in Patients Using Benzodiazepines
Objectives/Hypothesis In this study, we tested the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce depression and anxiety in patients using or not using benzodiazepines. We hypothesized that rTMS would concurrently reduce symptoms in both depression and anxiety and that these re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neuromodulation (Malden, Mass.) Mass.), 2020-04, Vol.23 (3), p.380-383 |
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| creator | Caulfield, Kevin A. Stern, Adam P. |
| description | Objectives/Hypothesis
In this study, we tested the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce depression and anxiety in patients using or not using benzodiazepines. We hypothesized that rTMS would concurrently reduce symptoms in both depression and anxiety and that these reductions would correlate with patients using benzodiazepines.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study screened for patients treated in a TMS clinic within a five‐year period. Each patient had received high‐frequency (10 or 20 Hz) rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and completed pre‐ and posttreatment Beck Depression Inventory and Visual Analog Scale‐Anxiety ratings. Fifty‐eight patients (37 women) met these criteria and 37 (63.8%) took benzodiazepines. We used two mixed analysis of variance analyses to separately evaluate the effects of rTMS on depression and anxiety. We additionally directly evaluated the relationship between reductions in depression and anxiety by computing three linear correlations (all patients, benzodiazepine users, nonbenzodiazepine users).
Results
rTMS was an effective treatment of depression for all patients (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/ner.13024 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, we tested the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce depression and anxiety in patients using or not using benzodiazepines. We hypothesized that rTMS would concurrently reduce symptoms in both depression and anxiety and that these reductions would correlate with patients using benzodiazepines.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study screened for patients treated in a TMS clinic within a five‐year period. Each patient had received high‐frequency (10 or 20 Hz) rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and completed pre‐ and posttreatment Beck Depression Inventory and Visual Analog Scale‐Anxiety ratings. Fifty‐eight patients (37 women) met these criteria and 37 (63.8%) took benzodiazepines. We used two mixed analysis of variance analyses to separately evaluate the effects of rTMS on depression and anxiety. We additionally directly evaluated the relationship between reductions in depression and anxiety by computing three linear correlations (all patients, benzodiazepine users, nonbenzodiazepine users).
Results
rTMS was an effective treatment of depression for all patients (p < 0.001). rTMS also reduced anxiety scores from pre‐ to posttreatment (p = 0.002). Furthermore, reductions in depression and anxiety were correlated (p = 0.002). These changes in depression and anxiety only correlated with benzodiazepine users (p < 0.001) and not nonbenzodiazepine users (p = 0.608).
Conclusions
rTMS concurrently improved both depression and anxiety, and changes in these measures correlated with patients using benzodiazepines. With further investigation, rTMS may be a helpful treatment for both anxiety and depression simultaneously.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1094-7159</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-1403</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/ner.13024</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31368628</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Affect - drug effects ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use ; Anxiety ; Anxiety - therapy ; anxious depression ; Benzodiazepines ; Benzodiazepines - therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy - methods ; depression ; Depression - therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic fields ; Male ; Mental depression ; Middle Aged ; Mood ; Prefrontal cortex ; Retrospective Studies ; TMS ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual cortex ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Neuromodulation (Malden, Mass.), 2020-04, Vol.23 (3), p.380-383</ispartof><rights>2019 International Neuromodulation Society</rights><rights>2019 International Neuromodulation Society.</rights><rights>2020 International Neuromodulation Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4194-255cabcc53146e1a48d10b8433610a2753b9e1035b5a14d54b6fe8f5d1084c313</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4194-255cabcc53146e1a48d10b8433610a2753b9e1035b5a14d54b6fe8f5d1084c313</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8268-4204</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31368628$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Caulfield, Kevin A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stern, Adam P.</creatorcontrib><title>Therapeutic High‐Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Concurrently Improves Mood and Anxiety in Patients Using Benzodiazepines</title><title>Neuromodulation (Malden, Mass.)</title><addtitle>Neuromodulation</addtitle><description>Objectives/Hypothesis
In this study, we tested the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce depression and anxiety in patients using or not using benzodiazepines. We hypothesized that rTMS would concurrently reduce symptoms in both depression and anxiety and that these reductions would correlate with patients using benzodiazepines.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study screened for patients treated in a TMS clinic within a five‐year period. Each patient had received high‐frequency (10 or 20 Hz) rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and completed pre‐ and posttreatment Beck Depression Inventory and Visual Analog Scale‐Anxiety ratings. Fifty‐eight patients (37 women) met these criteria and 37 (63.8%) took benzodiazepines. We used two mixed analysis of variance analyses to separately evaluate the effects of rTMS on depression and anxiety. We additionally directly evaluated the relationship between reductions in depression and anxiety by computing three linear correlations (all patients, benzodiazepine users, nonbenzodiazepine users).
Results
rTMS was an effective treatment of depression for all patients (p < 0.001). rTMS also reduced anxiety scores from pre‐ to posttreatment (p = 0.002). Furthermore, reductions in depression and anxiety were correlated (p = 0.002). These changes in depression and anxiety only correlated with benzodiazepine users (p < 0.001) and not nonbenzodiazepine users (p = 0.608).
Conclusions
rTMS concurrently improved both depression and anxiety, and changes in these measures correlated with patients using benzodiazepines. With further investigation, rTMS may be a helpful treatment for both anxiety and depression simultaneously.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Affect - drug effects</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety - therapy</subject><subject>anxious depression</subject><subject>Benzodiazepines</subject><subject>Benzodiazepines - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Combined Modality Therapy - methods</subject><subject>depression</subject><subject>Depression - therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mood</subject><subject>Prefrontal cortex</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>TMS</subject><subject>Transcranial magnetic stimulation</subject><subject>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Visual cortex</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1094-7159</issn><issn>1525-1403</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1uFDEMxyMEoqVw4AVQJC5w2DbOx3wcy6qllVpAZXuOMhnvNtVMMk1mCtMTj4B4RJ6ElC0ckPDB9uHnv2z_CXkJbB9yHHiM-yAYl4_ILiiuFiCZeJx7VstFCareIc9SumYMypqXT8mOAFFUBa92yY_VFUYz4DQ6S0_c5urnt-_HEW8m9HamFzjg6EZ3i3QVjU82J2c6em42Hu8nPo-unzozuuDpMng7xYh-7GZ62g8x3GKi5yG01PiWHvqvDseZOk8_5YGMJXqZnN_Qd-jvQuvMHQ7OY3pOnqxNl_DFQ90jl8dHq-XJ4uzj-9Pl4dnCSsh3caWsaaxVAmSBYGTVAmsqKUQBzPBSiaZGYEI1yoBslWyKNVZrlalK2vyBPfJmq5s3zfemUfcuWew64zFMSXNelKWSRVFm9PU_6HWYos_baS5qBbyqQWXq7ZayMaQUca2H6HoTZw1M3xuls1H6t1GZffWgODU9tn_JP85k4GALfHEdzv9X0h-OLraSvwCJ4J-j</recordid><startdate>202004</startdate><enddate>202004</enddate><creator>Caulfield, Kevin A.</creator><creator>Stern, Adam P.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-4204</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202004</creationdate><title>Therapeutic High‐Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Concurrently Improves Mood and Anxiety in Patients Using Benzodiazepines</title><author>Caulfield, Kevin A. ; Stern, Adam P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4194-255cabcc53146e1a48d10b8433610a2753b9e1035b5a14d54b6fe8f5d1084c313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Affect - drug effects</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety - therapy</topic><topic>anxious depression</topic><topic>Benzodiazepines</topic><topic>Benzodiazepines - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Combined Modality Therapy - methods</topic><topic>depression</topic><topic>Depression - therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mood</topic><topic>Prefrontal cortex</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>TMS</topic><topic>Transcranial magnetic stimulation</topic><topic>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Visual cortex</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Caulfield, Kevin A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stern, Adam P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuromodulation (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Caulfield, Kevin A.</au><au>Stern, Adam P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Therapeutic High‐Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Concurrently Improves Mood and Anxiety in Patients Using Benzodiazepines</atitle><jtitle>Neuromodulation (Malden, Mass.)</jtitle><addtitle>Neuromodulation</addtitle><date>2020-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>380</spage><epage>383</epage><pages>380-383</pages><issn>1094-7159</issn><eissn>1525-1403</eissn><abstract>Objectives/Hypothesis
In this study, we tested the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce depression and anxiety in patients using or not using benzodiazepines. We hypothesized that rTMS would concurrently reduce symptoms in both depression and anxiety and that these reductions would correlate with patients using benzodiazepines.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study screened for patients treated in a TMS clinic within a five‐year period. Each patient had received high‐frequency (10 or 20 Hz) rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and completed pre‐ and posttreatment Beck Depression Inventory and Visual Analog Scale‐Anxiety ratings. Fifty‐eight patients (37 women) met these criteria and 37 (63.8%) took benzodiazepines. We used two mixed analysis of variance analyses to separately evaluate the effects of rTMS on depression and anxiety. We additionally directly evaluated the relationship between reductions in depression and anxiety by computing three linear correlations (all patients, benzodiazepine users, nonbenzodiazepine users).
Results
rTMS was an effective treatment of depression for all patients (p < 0.001). rTMS also reduced anxiety scores from pre‐ to posttreatment (p = 0.002). Furthermore, reductions in depression and anxiety were correlated (p = 0.002). These changes in depression and anxiety only correlated with benzodiazepine users (p < 0.001) and not nonbenzodiazepine users (p = 0.608).
Conclusions
rTMS concurrently improved both depression and anxiety, and changes in these measures correlated with patients using benzodiazepines. With further investigation, rTMS may be a helpful treatment for both anxiety and depression simultaneously.</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>31368628</pmid><doi>10.1111/ner.13024</doi><tpages>4</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-4204</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Affect - drug effects Aged Aged, 80 and over Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use Anxiety Anxiety - therapy anxious depression Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines - therapeutic use Combined Modality Therapy - methods depression Depression - therapy Female Humans Magnetic fields Male Mental depression Middle Aged Mood Prefrontal cortex Retrospective Studies TMS Transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods Treatment Outcome Visual cortex Young Adult |
| title | Therapeutic High‐Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Concurrently Improves Mood and Anxiety in Patients Using Benzodiazepines |
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