Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers
Background Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri‐implant diseases in nicotine‐product users. Purpose The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electroni...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical implant dentistry and related research 2019-08, Vol.21 (4), p.702-707 |
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| creator | Alqahtani, Fawaz Alqahtani, Mana Albaqawi, Ahmed Heji Al‐Kheraif, Abdulaziz A. Javed, Fawad |
| description | Background
Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri‐implant diseases in nicotine‐product users.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers.
Materials and Methods
Cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration of smoking and vaping, family history of smoking, duration of smoking/vaping, and daily frequency of smoking/vaping. Implant‐related data including implant dimensions and duration of implants in function were also recorded. In all groups, peri‐implant probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Using standard techniques, PISF was collected and levels of cotinine in the PISF were measured. Sample‐size estimation was performed, and statistical comparisons were done using one‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. P values below .05 were categorized as statistically significant.
Results
One hundred two male individuals (35 cigarette smokers, 33 waterpipe smokers, 34 electronic‐cigarette users, and 35 nonsmokers) were included. Scores of peri‐implant PI (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/cid.12813 |
| format | Article |
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Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri‐implant diseases in nicotine‐product users.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers.
Materials and Methods
Cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration of smoking and vaping, family history of smoking, duration of smoking/vaping, and daily frequency of smoking/vaping. Implant‐related data including implant dimensions and duration of implants in function were also recorded. In all groups, peri‐implant probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Using standard techniques, PISF was collected and levels of cotinine in the PISF were measured. Sample‐size estimation was performed, and statistical comparisons were done using one‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. P values below .05 were categorized as statistically significant.
Results
One hundred two male individuals (35 cigarette smokers, 33 waterpipe smokers, 34 electronic‐cigarette users, and 35 nonsmokers) were included. Scores of peri‐implant PI (P < .05) and PD (P < .05) were significantly higher among cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, and electronic‐cigarette users compared with nonsmokers. Peri‐implant BoP was more often manifested in nonsmokers compared with cigarette smokers (P < .05), waterpipe smokers (P < .05), and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05). The volume of collected PISF was significantly higher among cigarette (P < .05) and waterpipe smokers (P < .05) and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05) than nonsmokers. Cotinine levels were significantly higher in the PISF of cigarette (P < .05) and waterpipe smokers (P < .05) and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05) than nonsmokers.
Conclusions
Habitual use of nicotinic products enhances the expression of cotinine in the PISF. Cotinine levels in the PISF of cigarette and waterpipe smokers and electronic‐cigarette users are comparable.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1523-0899</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1708-8208</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/cid.12813</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31267668</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Biomarkers ; Bleeding ; bleeding on probing ; Cigarette smoking ; Cotinine ; Cotinine - metabolism ; dental implant ; Dental implants ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dentistry ; Electronic cigarettes ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Genetics ; Humans ; Implants ; inflammation ; Male ; Nicotine ; Non-Smokers ; Plaque index ; probing depth ; Smokers ; Smoking ; Statistical analysis ; Tobacco smoke ; Transplants & implants ; Variance analysis ; Water Pipe Smoking ; Water pipes</subject><ispartof>Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 2019-08, Vol.21 (4), p.702-707</ispartof><rights>2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3533-e47ba00bd3b6775462c70f7b06bcd7bd20b1cabe515b3bca1b59a8c48be5e7333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3533-e47ba00bd3b6775462c70f7b06bcd7bd20b1cabe515b3bca1b59a8c48be5e7333</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9253-1989 ; 0000-0003-2695-3603</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fcid.12813$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fcid.12813$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31267668$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alqahtani, Fawaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alqahtani, Mana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albaqawi, Ahmed Heji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al‐Kheraif, Abdulaziz A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Javed, Fawad</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers</title><title>Clinical implant dentistry and related research</title><addtitle>Clin Implant Dent Relat Res</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Background
Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri‐implant diseases in nicotine‐product users.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers.
Materials and Methods
Cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration of smoking and vaping, family history of smoking, duration of smoking/vaping, and daily frequency of smoking/vaping. Implant‐related data including implant dimensions and duration of implants in function were also recorded. In all groups, peri‐implant probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Using standard techniques, PISF was collected and levels of cotinine in the PISF were measured. Sample‐size estimation was performed, and statistical comparisons were done using one‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. P values below .05 were categorized as statistically significant.
Results
One hundred two male individuals (35 cigarette smokers, 33 waterpipe smokers, 34 electronic‐cigarette users, and 35 nonsmokers) were included. Scores of peri‐implant PI (P < .05) and PD (P < .05) were significantly higher among cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, and electronic‐cigarette users compared with nonsmokers. Peri‐implant BoP was more often manifested in nonsmokers compared with cigarette smokers (P < .05), waterpipe smokers (P < .05), and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05). The volume of collected PISF was significantly higher among cigarette (P < .05) and waterpipe smokers (P < .05) and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05) than nonsmokers. Cotinine levels were significantly higher in the PISF of cigarette (P < .05) and waterpipe smokers (P < .05) and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05) than nonsmokers.
Conclusions
Habitual use of nicotinic products enhances the expression of cotinine in the PISF. Cotinine levels in the PISF of cigarette and waterpipe smokers and electronic‐cigarette users are comparable.]]></description><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Bleeding</subject><subject>bleeding on probing</subject><subject>Cigarette smoking</subject><subject>Cotinine</subject><subject>Cotinine - metabolism</subject><subject>dental implant</subject><subject>Dental implants</subject><subject>Dental Plaque Index</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Electronic cigarettes</subject><subject>Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Implants</subject><subject>inflammation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Nicotine</subject><subject>Non-Smokers</subject><subject>Plaque index</subject><subject>probing depth</subject><subject>Smokers</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Tobacco smoke</subject><subject>Transplants & implants</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Water Pipe Smoking</subject><subject>Water pipes</subject><issn>1523-0899</issn><issn>1708-8208</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10ctO5SAcBnBinHhf-AKGxI0mUw-X09IuzXF0TEzc6LoB-q-iFCq0Gnc-gqt5QJ9EzmWcxGTYQODHF8iH0D4lJzSNiTbNCWUl5WtoiwpSZiUj5Xpa54xnpKyqTbQd4wMhjNKCbqBNTlkhiqLcQn9mvutlMNE77Fus_WCccYAtPION2Dg83APuIZiPt3fT9Va6AcfR6tHKgFs7mgbLzrs7rM2dDDAMgKVr8IscIPSmBxw7_wgh_sRgQQ_BO6NT1D89xsXp_JLzbqV30Y9W2gh7q3kH3Z7_upn9zq6uLy5np1eZ5jnnGUyFkoSohqtCiHxaMC1IKxQplG6EahhRVEsFOc0VV1pSlVey1NMybYHgnO-go2VuH_zTCHGoOxM12PRN8GOsGctpURFOq0QPv9EHPwaXXpeUYIJyslDHS6WDjzFAW_fBdDK81pTU87LqVFa9KCvZg1XiqDpovuTfdhKYLMGLsfD6_6R6dnm2jPwEo_-jLQ</recordid><startdate>201908</startdate><enddate>201908</enddate><creator>Alqahtani, Fawaz</creator><creator>Alqahtani, Mana</creator><creator>Albaqawi, Ahmed Heji</creator><creator>Al‐Kheraif, Abdulaziz A.</creator><creator>Javed, Fawad</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9253-1989</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-3603</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201908</creationdate><title>Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers</title><author>Alqahtani, Fawaz ; Alqahtani, Mana ; Albaqawi, Ahmed Heji ; Al‐Kheraif, Abdulaziz A. ; Javed, Fawad</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3533-e47ba00bd3b6775462c70f7b06bcd7bd20b1cabe515b3bca1b59a8c48be5e7333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Bleeding</topic><topic>bleeding on probing</topic><topic>Cigarette smoking</topic><topic>Cotinine</topic><topic>Cotinine - metabolism</topic><topic>dental implant</topic><topic>Dental implants</topic><topic>Dental Plaque Index</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Electronic cigarettes</topic><topic>Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Implants</topic><topic>inflammation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Nicotine</topic><topic>Non-Smokers</topic><topic>Plaque index</topic><topic>probing depth</topic><topic>Smokers</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Tobacco smoke</topic><topic>Transplants & implants</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><topic>Water Pipe Smoking</topic><topic>Water pipes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alqahtani, Fawaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alqahtani, Mana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albaqawi, Ahmed Heji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al‐Kheraif, Abdulaziz A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Javed, Fawad</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical implant dentistry and related research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alqahtani, Fawaz</au><au>Alqahtani, Mana</au><au>Albaqawi, Ahmed Heji</au><au>Al‐Kheraif, Abdulaziz A.</au><au>Javed, Fawad</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers</atitle><jtitle>Clinical implant dentistry and related research</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Implant Dent Relat Res</addtitle><date>2019-08</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>702</spage><epage>707</epage><pages>702-707</pages><issn>1523-0899</issn><eissn>1708-8208</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Background
Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri‐implant diseases in nicotine‐product users.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers.
Materials and Methods
Cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration of smoking and vaping, family history of smoking, duration of smoking/vaping, and daily frequency of smoking/vaping. Implant‐related data including implant dimensions and duration of implants in function were also recorded. In all groups, peri‐implant probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Using standard techniques, PISF was collected and levels of cotinine in the PISF were measured. Sample‐size estimation was performed, and statistical comparisons were done using one‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. P values below .05 were categorized as statistically significant.
Results
One hundred two male individuals (35 cigarette smokers, 33 waterpipe smokers, 34 electronic‐cigarette users, and 35 nonsmokers) were included. Scores of peri‐implant PI (P < .05) and PD (P < .05) were significantly higher among cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, and electronic‐cigarette users compared with nonsmokers. Peri‐implant BoP was more often manifested in nonsmokers compared with cigarette smokers (P < .05), waterpipe smokers (P < .05), and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05). The volume of collected PISF was significantly higher among cigarette (P < .05) and waterpipe smokers (P < .05) and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05) than nonsmokers. Cotinine levels were significantly higher in the PISF of cigarette (P < .05) and waterpipe smokers (P < .05) and electronic‐cigarette users (P < .05) than nonsmokers.
Conclusions
Habitual use of nicotinic products enhances the expression of cotinine in the PISF. Cotinine levels in the PISF of cigarette and waterpipe smokers and electronic‐cigarette users are comparable.]]></abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>31267668</pmid><doi>10.1111/cid.12813</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9253-1989</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-3603</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1523-0899 |
| ispartof | Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 2019-08, Vol.21 (4), p.702-707 |
| issn | 1523-0899 1708-8208 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library |
| subjects | Biomarkers Bleeding bleeding on probing Cigarette smoking Cotinine Cotinine - metabolism dental implant Dental implants Dental Plaque Index Dentistry Electronic cigarettes Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Genetics Humans Implants inflammation Male Nicotine Non-Smokers Plaque index probing depth Smokers Smoking Statistical analysis Tobacco smoke Transplants & implants Variance analysis Water Pipe Smoking Water pipes |
| title | Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers |
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