Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon
Background: In general populations, consistent data highlight the relationships among violence, HIV risk behavior and depression; however, these patterns are not well understood among female sex workers (FSWs). We examined the relationship between FSWs’ experiences with sexual violence and consisten...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of social psychiatry 2019-09, Vol.65 (6), p.445-457 |
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| creator | Abelson, Anna Lyons, Carrie Decker, Michele Ketende, Sosthenes Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou Fouda, Ghislaine Ndonko, Flavien Levitt, Daniel Tamoufe, Ubald Billong, Serge Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi Baral, Stefan D |
| description | Background:
In general populations, consistent data highlight the relationships among violence, HIV risk behavior and depression; however, these patterns are not well understood among female sex workers (FSWs). We examined the relationship between FSWs’ experiences with sexual violence and consistent condom use as a key HIV risk behavior and explored mental health as a potential mediator.
Methods:
In total, 2,165 FSWs were recruited via respondent-driven sampling in Cameroon in 2016. The women answered questions about violence, condom use and mental health.
Results:
Inconsistent condom use with clients was reported by 23.5% of participants (508/2,165). Lifetime sexual violence was prevalent with 33.0% (713/2,163) of participants. Almost 50% (1,067/2,143) of respondents had some level of depression. Sexual violence was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2–1.6)). Of FSWs with no depression, 24.9% (267/1,071) reported sexual violence, versus 56.1% (32/57) of respondents with severe depression (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0020764019858646 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2246905827</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_0020764019858646</sage_id><sourcerecordid>2246905827</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6e6a191c54adfa2cdacd7616a6aa5f54167c7d91b52080eff8c7241e366943e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kctLAzEQxoMotlbvniTgxYOrSTaP3aMUX1DwouclTSZl6yapSdfHf--W-gDB0zB8v_lm-AahY0ouKFXqkhBGlOSE1pWoJJc7aEwVpwWrBN9F441cbPQROsh5SYaeknIfjUrKSi4rMUZ-1jpYtx4wvK8gtRAMZBwdXkCwkIq5zmDxaxu7jXKOLawS5NzGgHWw2MRgo8d9Bqx9DAvswOsOcIZ3_BbTM6SM24Cn2kOKMRyiPae7DEdfdYKebq4fp3fF7OH2fno1Kwwnal2ABKlpTY3g2jrNjNXGKkmllloLJziVyihb07lgpCLgXGUU4xRKKWteQjlBZ1vfVYovPeR149tsoOt0gNjnhjEuayIqpgb09A-6jH0Kw3UDpYagpJD1QJEtZVLMOYFrVqn1On00lDSbVzR_XzGMnHwZ93MP9mfgO_sBKLZA1gv43fqv4SeuW5C9</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2273126569</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon</title><source>Access via SAGE</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><creator>Abelson, Anna ; Lyons, Carrie ; Decker, Michele ; Ketende, Sosthenes ; Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou ; Fouda, Ghislaine ; Ndonko, Flavien ; Levitt, Daniel ; Tamoufe, Ubald ; Billong, Serge ; Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi ; Baral, Stefan D</creator><creatorcontrib>Abelson, Anna ; Lyons, Carrie ; Decker, Michele ; Ketende, Sosthenes ; Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou ; Fouda, Ghislaine ; Ndonko, Flavien ; Levitt, Daniel ; Tamoufe, Ubald ; Billong, Serge ; Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi ; Baral, Stefan D</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
In general populations, consistent data highlight the relationships among violence, HIV risk behavior and depression; however, these patterns are not well understood among female sex workers (FSWs). We examined the relationship between FSWs’ experiences with sexual violence and consistent condom use as a key HIV risk behavior and explored mental health as a potential mediator.
Methods:
In total, 2,165 FSWs were recruited via respondent-driven sampling in Cameroon in 2016. The women answered questions about violence, condom use and mental health.
Results:
Inconsistent condom use with clients was reported by 23.5% of participants (508/2,165). Lifetime sexual violence was prevalent with 33.0% (713/2,163) of participants. Almost 50% (1,067/2,143) of respondents had some level of depression. Sexual violence was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2–1.6)). Of FSWs with no depression, 24.9% (267/1,071) reported sexual violence, versus 56.1% (32/57) of respondents with severe depression (p < .01). Severe depression significantly increased risk of condomless sex (aRR 1.8, 95% CI (1.3–2.6)); in mediation analysis, both sexual violence and severe depression remained significant predictors of condomless sex (aRR 1.4, 95% CI (1.2, 1.6) and aRR 1.7, 95% CI (1.2–2.4), respectively). Depression did not mediate the relationship between sexual violence and condom use.
Conclusion:
Sexual violence and depression are prevalent and independently associated with condom nonuse with clients among FSWs in Cameroon. Results highlight the need for interventions to address mental health as well as gender-based violence for FSWs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0020-7640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-2854</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0020764019858646</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31234685</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Cameroon - epidemiology ; Condoms - statistics & numerical data ; Confidence intervals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression - epidemiology ; Female ; Gender ; Gender-based violence ; Gender-Based Violence - statistics & numerical data ; Health behavior ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Services Accessibility ; HIV ; HIV Infections - prevention & control ; HIV Infections - psychology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; Mental health services ; Nonuse ; Prevalence ; Prostitution ; Regression Analysis ; Risk behavior ; Risk Factors ; Sampling ; Sex crimes ; Sex Factors ; Sex industry ; Sex workers ; Sex Workers - psychology ; Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Partners - psychology ; Sexual violence ; Violence ; Women ; Workplace Violence - statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of social psychiatry, 2019-09, Vol.65 (6), p.445-457</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6e6a191c54adfa2cdacd7616a6aa5f54167c7d91b52080eff8c7241e366943e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6e6a191c54adfa2cdacd7616a6aa5f54167c7d91b52080eff8c7241e366943e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1595-147X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0020764019858646$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020764019858646$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,21824,27929,27930,31004,33779,43626,43627</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31234685$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abelson, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Carrie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Decker, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ketende, Sosthenes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fouda, Ghislaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndonko, Flavien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levitt, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamoufe, Ubald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Billong, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baral, Stefan D</creatorcontrib><title>Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon</title><title>International journal of social psychiatry</title><addtitle>Int J Soc Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Background:
In general populations, consistent data highlight the relationships among violence, HIV risk behavior and depression; however, these patterns are not well understood among female sex workers (FSWs). We examined the relationship between FSWs’ experiences with sexual violence and consistent condom use as a key HIV risk behavior and explored mental health as a potential mediator.
Methods:
In total, 2,165 FSWs were recruited via respondent-driven sampling in Cameroon in 2016. The women answered questions about violence, condom use and mental health.
Results:
Inconsistent condom use with clients was reported by 23.5% of participants (508/2,165). Lifetime sexual violence was prevalent with 33.0% (713/2,163) of participants. Almost 50% (1,067/2,143) of respondents had some level of depression. Sexual violence was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2–1.6)). Of FSWs with no depression, 24.9% (267/1,071) reported sexual violence, versus 56.1% (32/57) of respondents with severe depression (p < .01). Severe depression significantly increased risk of condomless sex (aRR 1.8, 95% CI (1.3–2.6)); in mediation analysis, both sexual violence and severe depression remained significant predictors of condomless sex (aRR 1.4, 95% CI (1.2, 1.6) and aRR 1.7, 95% CI (1.2–2.4), respectively). Depression did not mediate the relationship between sexual violence and condom use.
Conclusion:
Sexual violence and depression are prevalent and independently associated with condom nonuse with clients among FSWs in Cameroon. Results highlight the need for interventions to address mental health as well as gender-based violence for FSWs.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Cameroon - epidemiology</subject><subject>Condoms - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Depression - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Gender-based violence</subject><subject>Gender-Based Violence - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Health Services Accessibility</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>HIV Infections - psychology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mental health services</subject><subject>Nonuse</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prostitution</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Risk behavior</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Sex crimes</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Sex industry</subject><subject>Sex workers</subject><subject>Sex Workers - psychology</subject><subject>Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Sexual Partners - psychology</subject><subject>Sexual violence</subject><subject>Violence</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Workplace Violence - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0020-7640</issn><issn>1741-2854</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctLAzEQxoMotlbvniTgxYOrSTaP3aMUX1DwouclTSZl6yapSdfHf--W-gDB0zB8v_lm-AahY0ouKFXqkhBGlOSE1pWoJJc7aEwVpwWrBN9F441cbPQROsh5SYaeknIfjUrKSi4rMUZ-1jpYtx4wvK8gtRAMZBwdXkCwkIq5zmDxaxu7jXKOLawS5NzGgHWw2MRgo8d9Bqx9DAvswOsOcIZ3_BbTM6SM24Cn2kOKMRyiPae7DEdfdYKebq4fp3fF7OH2fno1Kwwnal2ABKlpTY3g2jrNjNXGKkmllloLJziVyihb07lgpCLgXGUU4xRKKWteQjlBZ1vfVYovPeR149tsoOt0gNjnhjEuayIqpgb09A-6jH0Kw3UDpYagpJD1QJEtZVLMOYFrVqn1On00lDSbVzR_XzGMnHwZ93MP9mfgO_sBKLZA1gv43fqv4SeuW5C9</recordid><startdate>201909</startdate><enddate>201909</enddate><creator>Abelson, Anna</creator><creator>Lyons, Carrie</creator><creator>Decker, Michele</creator><creator>Ketende, Sosthenes</creator><creator>Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou</creator><creator>Fouda, Ghislaine</creator><creator>Ndonko, Flavien</creator><creator>Levitt, Daniel</creator><creator>Tamoufe, Ubald</creator><creator>Billong, Serge</creator><creator>Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi</creator><creator>Baral, Stefan D</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-147X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201909</creationdate><title>Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon</title><author>Abelson, Anna ; Lyons, Carrie ; Decker, Michele ; Ketende, Sosthenes ; Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou ; Fouda, Ghislaine ; Ndonko, Flavien ; Levitt, Daniel ; Tamoufe, Ubald ; Billong, Serge ; Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi ; Baral, Stefan D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-e6e6a191c54adfa2cdacd7616a6aa5f54167c7d91b52080eff8c7241e366943e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Cameroon - epidemiology</topic><topic>Condoms - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Depression - epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Gender-based violence</topic><topic>Gender-Based Violence - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Health behavior</topic><topic>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</topic><topic>Health Services Accessibility</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>HIV Infections - psychology</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Mental health services</topic><topic>Nonuse</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prostitution</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Risk behavior</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Sex crimes</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Sex industry</topic><topic>Sex workers</topic><topic>Sex Workers - psychology</topic><topic>Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Sexual Partners - psychology</topic><topic>Sexual violence</topic><topic>Violence</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Workplace Violence - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abelson, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Carrie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Decker, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ketende, Sosthenes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fouda, Ghislaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndonko, Flavien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levitt, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tamoufe, Ubald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Billong, Serge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baral, Stefan D</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of social psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abelson, Anna</au><au>Lyons, Carrie</au><au>Decker, Michele</au><au>Ketende, Sosthenes</au><au>Mfochive Njindam, Iliassou</au><au>Fouda, Ghislaine</au><au>Ndonko, Flavien</au><au>Levitt, Daniel</au><au>Tamoufe, Ubald</au><au>Billong, Serge</au><au>Bissek, Anne-Cecile Zoung-Kanyi</au><au>Baral, Stefan D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon</atitle><jtitle>International journal of social psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Soc Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2019-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>445</spage><epage>457</epage><pages>445-457</pages><issn>0020-7640</issn><eissn>1741-2854</eissn><abstract>Background:
In general populations, consistent data highlight the relationships among violence, HIV risk behavior and depression; however, these patterns are not well understood among female sex workers (FSWs). We examined the relationship between FSWs’ experiences with sexual violence and consistent condom use as a key HIV risk behavior and explored mental health as a potential mediator.
Methods:
In total, 2,165 FSWs were recruited via respondent-driven sampling in Cameroon in 2016. The women answered questions about violence, condom use and mental health.
Results:
Inconsistent condom use with clients was reported by 23.5% of participants (508/2,165). Lifetime sexual violence was prevalent with 33.0% (713/2,163) of participants. Almost 50% (1,067/2,143) of respondents had some level of depression. Sexual violence was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2–1.6)). Of FSWs with no depression, 24.9% (267/1,071) reported sexual violence, versus 56.1% (32/57) of respondents with severe depression (p < .01). Severe depression significantly increased risk of condomless sex (aRR 1.8, 95% CI (1.3–2.6)); in mediation analysis, both sexual violence and severe depression remained significant predictors of condomless sex (aRR 1.4, 95% CI (1.2, 1.6) and aRR 1.7, 95% CI (1.2–2.4), respectively). Depression did not mediate the relationship between sexual violence and condom use.
Conclusion:
Sexual violence and depression are prevalent and independently associated with condom nonuse with clients among FSWs in Cameroon. Results highlight the need for interventions to address mental health as well as gender-based violence for FSWs.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>31234685</pmid><doi>10.1177/0020764019858646</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-147X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Cameroon - epidemiology Condoms - statistics & numerical data Confidence intervals Cross-Sectional Studies Depression - epidemiology Female Gender Gender-based violence Gender-Based Violence - statistics & numerical data Health behavior Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Services Accessibility HIV HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - psychology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Mental depression Mental health Mental health services Nonuse Prevalence Prostitution Regression Analysis Risk behavior Risk Factors Sampling Sex crimes Sex Factors Sex industry Sex workers Sex Workers - psychology Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data Sexual Partners - psychology Sexual violence Violence Women Workplace Violence - statistics & numerical data Young Adult |
| title | Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon |
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