Comparison of high-resolution airborne soil moisture retrievals to SMAP soil moisture during the SMAP validation experiment 2016 (SMAPVEX16)
The NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission conducted a field experiment with its partners over two 40-km agricultural domains in Iowa and Manitoba in the summer of 2016 to address concerns observed in SMAP soil moisture (SM) retrievals over agricultural areas. The experiment feature...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Remote sensing of environment 2019-06, Vol.227, p.137-150 |
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| creator | Colliander, Andreas Cosh, Michael H. Misra, Sidharth Jackson, Thomas J. Crow, Wade T. Powers, Jarrett McNairn, Heather Bullock, Paul Berg, Aaron Magagi, Ramata Gao, Ying Bindlish, Rajat Williamson, Ross Ramos, Isaac Latham, Barron O'Neill, Peggy Yueh, Simon |
| description | The NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission conducted a field experiment with its partners over two 40-km agricultural domains in Iowa and Manitoba in the summer of 2016 to address concerns observed in SMAP soil moisture (SM) retrievals over agricultural areas. The experiment featured airborne Passive Active L-band System (PALS) flights over each domain with intensive ground measurements and dense networks of SM monitoring stations. With two intensive observation periods separated in time (May 28–June 20 and July 14–August 16), the flights captured both early-season/low vegetation and later-season/high-vegetation conditions. The comparison of the PALS brightness temperature (TB) measurements to the SMAP TB observed over the sites resulted in root mean square difference (RMSD) of 2.8 K and 4.0 K for vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively. The subsequent SM analysis rescaled the PALS TB with the SMAP TB to allow equitable comparisons between the SM retrievals from the two instruments. The PALS SM retrieval algorithm used the SM sampled by the ground teams during the overpass days for tuning, and was parameterized by a high-resolution vegetation water content product calibrated using vegetation samples collected during the experiment. The tuning process was not able to find a satisfactory result with a temporally constant set of parameters in the single channel algorithm for the two intensive observation periods of the experiment. This result indicated that the rapid change in the vegetation structure during the growth stages and likely variation in the surface roughness conditions were not compatible with rigid parameterization over the entire period. However, using seasonally variable parameters we found that it was possible to retrieve soil moisture with satisfactory accuracy. Comparative analysis with the SMAP SM product included aggregation of the PALS SM to the SMAP pixel-scale. The RMSD between the PALS SM and the aggregated manual field samples was 0.85 for both sites. The comparison between different in situ sources indicated that the soil moisture network measurements were not the source of the large biases observed for SMAP over the sites reported in earlier studies. Therefore, the results suggested the rapidly growing vegetation and the early-season surface condition changes not captured by the SMAP algorithm caused the SMAP retrieval errors. In addition, the significant deviations of t |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.004 |
| format | Article |
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•Airborne measurements matched well with SMAP in SMAPVEX16•Accurate soil moisture retrieval possible at the sites with flexible parameterization•PALS soil moisture retrieval performance <0.04 m3/m3 in RMS•SMAP suffering over these sites from rigid algorithm parameterization•Inability of the vegetation climatology to capture inter-annual variation an issue</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-4257</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0704</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.004</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Goddard Space Flight Center: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>agricultural land ; Aircraft remote sensing ; Algorithms ; Brightness temperature ; Comparative analysis ; developmental stages ; Domains ; Earth Resources And Remote Sensing ; Experiments ; field experimentation ; High resolution ; Horizontal polarization ; In situ instrumentation ; Iowa ; Manitoba ; Moisture content ; monitoring ; Monitoring instruments ; PALS ; Parameterization ; Parameters ; remote sensing ; Retrieval ; Satellite remote sensing ; satellites ; SMAP ; SMAPVEX16 ; Soil moisture ; soil water ; summer ; Surface roughness ; temperature ; Tuning ; Vegetation ; vegetation structure ; Vertical polarization ; Water content</subject><ispartof>Remote sensing of environment, 2019-06, Vol.227, p.137-150</ispartof><rights>2019 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright Determination: GOV_PERMITTED</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 15, 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-b5b1ca78c875d3e23a3ed30d0dad117633315fdd40f564f9afad9670be5f8bcc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-b5b1ca78c875d3e23a3ed30d0dad117633315fdd40f564f9afad9670be5f8bcc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4093-8119</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425719301415$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Colliander, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cosh, Michael H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Misra, Sidharth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Thomas J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crow, Wade T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Powers, Jarrett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNairn, Heather</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bullock, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berg, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magagi, Ramata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bindlish, Rajat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williamson, Ross</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramos, Isaac</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latham, Barron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Neill, Peggy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yueh, Simon</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of high-resolution airborne soil moisture retrievals to SMAP soil moisture during the SMAP validation experiment 2016 (SMAPVEX16)</title><title>Remote sensing of environment</title><description>The NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission conducted a field experiment with its partners over two 40-km agricultural domains in Iowa and Manitoba in the summer of 2016 to address concerns observed in SMAP soil moisture (SM) retrievals over agricultural areas. The experiment featured airborne Passive Active L-band System (PALS) flights over each domain with intensive ground measurements and dense networks of SM monitoring stations. With two intensive observation periods separated in time (May 28–June 20 and July 14–August 16), the flights captured both early-season/low vegetation and later-season/high-vegetation conditions. The comparison of the PALS brightness temperature (TB) measurements to the SMAP TB observed over the sites resulted in root mean square difference (RMSD) of 2.8 K and 4.0 K for vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively. The subsequent SM analysis rescaled the PALS TB with the SMAP TB to allow equitable comparisons between the SM retrievals from the two instruments. The PALS SM retrieval algorithm used the SM sampled by the ground teams during the overpass days for tuning, and was parameterized by a high-resolution vegetation water content product calibrated using vegetation samples collected during the experiment. The tuning process was not able to find a satisfactory result with a temporally constant set of parameters in the single channel algorithm for the two intensive observation periods of the experiment. This result indicated that the rapid change in the vegetation structure during the growth stages and likely variation in the surface roughness conditions were not compatible with rigid parameterization over the entire period. However, using seasonally variable parameters we found that it was possible to retrieve soil moisture with satisfactory accuracy. Comparative analysis with the SMAP SM product included aggregation of the PALS SM to the SMAP pixel-scale. The RMSD between the PALS SM and the aggregated manual field samples was <0.04 m3/m3 with Pearson correlation >0.85 for both sites. The comparison between different in situ sources indicated that the soil moisture network measurements were not the source of the large biases observed for SMAP over the sites reported in earlier studies. Therefore, the results suggested the rapidly growing vegetation and the early-season surface condition changes not captured by the SMAP algorithm caused the SMAP retrieval errors. In addition, the significant deviations of the vegetation water content used by the SMAP product from the calibrated vegetation water content obtained during the experiment compounds the problem.
•Airborne measurements matched well with SMAP in SMAPVEX16•Accurate soil moisture retrieval possible at the sites with flexible parameterization•PALS soil moisture retrieval performance <0.04 m3/m3 in RMS•SMAP suffering over these sites from rigid algorithm parameterization•Inability of the vegetation climatology to capture inter-annual variation an issue</description><subject>agricultural land</subject><subject>Aircraft remote sensing</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Brightness temperature</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>developmental stages</subject><subject>Domains</subject><subject>Earth Resources And Remote Sensing</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>field experimentation</subject><subject>High resolution</subject><subject>Horizontal polarization</subject><subject>In situ instrumentation</subject><subject>Iowa</subject><subject>Manitoba</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>Monitoring instruments</subject><subject>PALS</subject><subject>Parameterization</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>remote sensing</subject><subject>Retrieval</subject><subject>Satellite remote sensing</subject><subject>satellites</subject><subject>SMAP</subject><subject>SMAPVEX16</subject><subject>Soil moisture</subject><subject>soil water</subject><subject>summer</subject><subject>Surface roughness</subject><subject>temperature</subject><subject>Tuning</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>vegetation structure</subject><subject>Vertical polarization</subject><subject>Water 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airborne soil moisture retrievals to SMAP soil moisture during the SMAP validation experiment 2016 (SMAPVEX16)</atitle><jtitle>Remote sensing of environment</jtitle><date>2019-06-15</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>227</volume><spage>137</spage><epage>150</epage><pages>137-150</pages><issn>0034-4257</issn><eissn>1879-0704</eissn><abstract>The NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission conducted a field experiment with its partners over two 40-km agricultural domains in Iowa and Manitoba in the summer of 2016 to address concerns observed in SMAP soil moisture (SM) retrievals over agricultural areas. The experiment featured airborne Passive Active L-band System (PALS) flights over each domain with intensive ground measurements and dense networks of SM monitoring stations. With two intensive observation periods separated in time (May 28–June 20 and July 14–August 16), the flights captured both early-season/low vegetation and later-season/high-vegetation conditions. The comparison of the PALS brightness temperature (TB) measurements to the SMAP TB observed over the sites resulted in root mean square difference (RMSD) of 2.8 K and 4.0 K for vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively. The subsequent SM analysis rescaled the PALS TB with the SMAP TB to allow equitable comparisons between the SM retrievals from the two instruments. The PALS SM retrieval algorithm used the SM sampled by the ground teams during the overpass days for tuning, and was parameterized by a high-resolution vegetation water content product calibrated using vegetation samples collected during the experiment. The tuning process was not able to find a satisfactory result with a temporally constant set of parameters in the single channel algorithm for the two intensive observation periods of the experiment. This result indicated that the rapid change in the vegetation structure during the growth stages and likely variation in the surface roughness conditions were not compatible with rigid parameterization over the entire period. However, using seasonally variable parameters we found that it was possible to retrieve soil moisture with satisfactory accuracy. Comparative analysis with the SMAP SM product included aggregation of the PALS SM to the SMAP pixel-scale. The RMSD between the PALS SM and the aggregated manual field samples was <0.04 m3/m3 with Pearson correlation >0.85 for both sites. The comparison between different in situ sources indicated that the soil moisture network measurements were not the source of the large biases observed for SMAP over the sites reported in earlier studies. Therefore, the results suggested the rapidly growing vegetation and the early-season surface condition changes not captured by the SMAP algorithm caused the SMAP retrieval errors. In addition, the significant deviations of the vegetation water content used by the SMAP product from the calibrated vegetation water content obtained during the experiment compounds the problem.
•Airborne measurements matched well with SMAP in SMAPVEX16•Accurate soil moisture retrieval possible at the sites with flexible parameterization•PALS soil moisture retrieval performance <0.04 m3/m3 in RMS•SMAP suffering over these sites from rigid algorithm parameterization•Inability of the vegetation climatology to capture inter-annual variation an issue</abstract><cop>Goddard Space Flight Center</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><doi>10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.004</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-8119</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Remote sensing of environment, 2019-06, Vol.227, p.137-150 |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals; NASA Technical Reports Server |
| subjects | agricultural land Aircraft remote sensing Algorithms Brightness temperature Comparative analysis developmental stages Domains Earth Resources And Remote Sensing Experiments field experimentation High resolution Horizontal polarization In situ instrumentation Iowa Manitoba Moisture content monitoring Monitoring instruments PALS Parameterization Parameters remote sensing Retrieval Satellite remote sensing satellites SMAP SMAPVEX16 Soil moisture soil water summer Surface roughness temperature Tuning Vegetation vegetation structure Vertical polarization Water content |
| title | Comparison of high-resolution airborne soil moisture retrievals to SMAP soil moisture during the SMAP validation experiment 2016 (SMAPVEX16) |
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