Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery: a Comparative Study of Post-Bariatric Pregnant Women Versus Non-Bariatric Obese Pregnant Women

Purpose To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on the gestational outcomes. Materials and Methods Retrospective study of pregnant women hospitalized for delivery in the maternity in Curitiba, Brazil, who had a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 2 and/or who had undergone bariatric surgery. Interviews were performed, and the patients’ medical records and antenatal information cards were evaluated. Results Ninety-three pregnant women who had bariatric surgery and 205 obese pregnant women were selected. A lower occurrence of hypertensive diseases was observed in pregnant women who had undergone bariatric surgery (14%) compared with obese pregnant women (56.6%). Moreover, a reduced occurrence of diabetes was found in post-bariatric pregnant women (16.1%) compared with obese pregnant women (30.2%). There were no differences in the frequency of prematurity, in delivery methods, or in postpartum complications. There was a higher number of cases of babies who were small for gestational age and a lower number of babies who were large for gestational age in the post-bariatric group. When comparing obese pregnant women to post-bariatric pregnant women who had remained obese, a reduced frequency of hypertensive diseases and diabetes was found in the latter group, but the weight difference between their newborns was not statistically significant. Conclusion There was a lower occurrence of health-related issues complicating pregnancy among women who had undergone bariatric surgery, but these women’s newborns were more likely to be small for gestational age, a finding which was less significant the less weight the mother had lost.