Comparative evaluation of different therapeutic protocols for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats
Therapeutic management of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (CCPP) involves mostly the use of oxytetracycline followed by enrofloxacin and rarely tylosin. In many parts of the world including India, the former antibiotics are commonly available than the latter. Therefore, prolonged use of the same l...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tropical animal health and production 2019-11, Vol.51 (8), p.2127-2137 |
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| creator | Yatoo, Mohd. Iqbal Parray, Oveas Raffiq Mir, Muheet Bhat, Riyaz Ahmed Malik, Hamid Ullah Fazili, Mujeeb ur Rehman Qureshi, Sabia Mir, Masood Salim Yousuf, Raja Wasim Tufani, Noor Alam Dhama, Kuldeep Bashir, Shah Tauseef |
| description | Therapeutic management of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (CCPP) involves mostly the use of oxytetracycline followed by enrofloxacin and rarely tylosin. In many parts of the world including India, the former antibiotics are commonly available than the latter. Therefore, prolonged use of the same leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and decreased efficacy of drug. Besides, inflammatory and allergic pathogenesis of CCPP envisages combination therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the combination therapy using different antibiotics (oxytetracycyline @ 10: group I, enrofloxacin @ 5 group II, and tylosin: group III, @ 10 mg/kg body weight), along with anti-inflammatory (meloxicam @ 0.5 mg/kg) and anti-allergic (pheneramine maleate @ 1.0 mg/kg) drugs. These drugs were given intramuscularly at the interval of 48 h for four times in three test groups (
n
= 10) of Pashmina goats, viz. groups I, II, and III, respectively, affected with CCPP. Group IV (
n
= 10) was kept as healthy control when group V (
n
= 10) treated with oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg alone was used as positive control. Clinical signs, clinical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), and oxidative stress indices (total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS)) were evaluated at hours 0, 48, 96, and 144 of experimental trial. Tylosin-based combination therapy resulted in a rapid and favorable recovery resulting in restoration of normal body temperature (102.46 ± 0.31 °F), respiration rate (16.30 ± 0.79 per minute), and heart rate (89.50 ± 2.63 per minute) compared to the oxytetracycline (102.95 ± 0.13, 21.30 ± 1.12, 86.00 ± 2.33, respectively) and enrofloxacin (102.97 ± 0.19, 21.00 ± 1.25, 90.00 ± 2.58, respectively) treated groups. By hour 144, all the groups showed restoration of clinical parameters of normal health and diminishing signs of CCPP, viz. fever, dyspnea, coughing, nasal discharge, weakness, and pleurodynia. Significant (
P
≤ 0.05) decrease in levels of TNF-α and non-significant (
P
> 0.05) decrease in levels of TOS and an increase in levels of TAS were noted from hour 0 to 144 in all the test groups. Within the groups, no significant (
P
> 0.05) change was noted in TNF-α, TOS, and TAS levels; however, TNF-α levels were comparatively lower in group III. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly (
P
> 0.05). From these findings, it can be inferred that tylosin-based combination therapy is |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2 |
| format | Article |
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n
= 10) of Pashmina goats, viz. groups I, II, and III, respectively, affected with CCPP. Group IV (
n
= 10) was kept as healthy control when group V (
n
= 10) treated with oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg alone was used as positive control. Clinical signs, clinical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), and oxidative stress indices (total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS)) were evaluated at hours 0, 48, 96, and 144 of experimental trial. Tylosin-based combination therapy resulted in a rapid and favorable recovery resulting in restoration of normal body temperature (102.46 ± 0.31 °F), respiration rate (16.30 ± 0.79 per minute), and heart rate (89.50 ± 2.63 per minute) compared to the oxytetracycline (102.95 ± 0.13, 21.30 ± 1.12, 86.00 ± 2.33, respectively) and enrofloxacin (102.97 ± 0.19, 21.00 ± 1.25, 90.00 ± 2.58, respectively) treated groups. By hour 144, all the groups showed restoration of clinical parameters of normal health and diminishing signs of CCPP, viz. fever, dyspnea, coughing, nasal discharge, weakness, and pleurodynia. Significant (
P
≤ 0.05) decrease in levels of TNF-α and non-significant (
P
> 0.05) decrease in levels of TOS and an increase in levels of TAS were noted from hour 0 to 144 in all the test groups. Within the groups, no significant (
P
> 0.05) change was noted in TNF-α, TOS, and TAS levels; however, TNF-α levels were comparatively lower in group III. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly (
P
> 0.05). From these findings, it can be inferred that tylosin-based combination therapy is relatively better for early, rapid, and safe recovery besides minimizing inflammatory and oxidative cascade in CCPP affected Pashmina goats compared to oxytetracycline- and enrofloxacin-based therapies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-4747</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7438</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31076996</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anti-Allergic Agents - therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use ; Antibiotic resistance ; Antibiotics ; Antioxidants ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Body temperature ; Body weight ; Caprinae ; Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia ; Drug Therapy, Combination - veterinary ; Dyspnea ; Enrofloxacin ; Enrofloxacin - therapeutic use ; Female ; Fever ; Goat Diseases - drug therapy ; Goats ; Heart rate ; India ; Inflammation ; Life Sciences ; Meloxicam ; Meloxicam - therapeutic use ; Myalgia ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidizing agents ; Oxytetracycline ; Oxytetracycline - therapeutic use ; Parameters ; Pathogenesis ; Pheniramine - therapeutic use ; Pleuropneumonia ; Pleuropneumonia - veterinary ; Pleuropneumonia, Contagious - drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Recovery ; Regular Articles ; Respiration ; Restoration ; Therapy ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Tylosin ; Tylosin - therapeutic use ; Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Tropical animal health and production, 2019-11, Vol.51 (8), p.2127-2137</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature B.V. 2019</rights><rights>Tropical Animal Health and Production is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-d49e4c40b1cc8a8428f2c7dc53b7055cb4b03dbfe80cb08c1ec508dd7fc13c873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-d49e4c40b1cc8a8428f2c7dc53b7055cb4b03dbfe80cb08c1ec508dd7fc13c873</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31076996$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yatoo, Mohd. Iqbal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parray, Oveas Raffiq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mir, Muheet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhat, Riyaz Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malik, Hamid Ullah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fazili, Mujeeb ur Rehman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qureshi, Sabia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mir, Masood Salim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yousuf, Raja Wasim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tufani, Noor Alam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dhama, Kuldeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bashir, Shah Tauseef</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative evaluation of different therapeutic protocols for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats</title><title>Tropical animal health and production</title><addtitle>Trop Anim Health Prod</addtitle><addtitle>Trop Anim Health Prod</addtitle><description>Therapeutic management of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (CCPP) involves mostly the use of oxytetracycline followed by enrofloxacin and rarely tylosin. In many parts of the world including India, the former antibiotics are commonly available than the latter. Therefore, prolonged use of the same leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and decreased efficacy of drug. Besides, inflammatory and allergic pathogenesis of CCPP envisages combination therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the combination therapy using different antibiotics (oxytetracycyline @ 10: group I, enrofloxacin @ 5 group II, and tylosin: group III, @ 10 mg/kg body weight), along with anti-inflammatory (meloxicam @ 0.5 mg/kg) and anti-allergic (pheneramine maleate @ 1.0 mg/kg) drugs. These drugs were given intramuscularly at the interval of 48 h for four times in three test groups (
n
= 10) of Pashmina goats, viz. groups I, II, and III, respectively, affected with CCPP. Group IV (
n
= 10) was kept as healthy control when group V (
n
= 10) treated with oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg alone was used as positive control. Clinical signs, clinical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), and oxidative stress indices (total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS)) were evaluated at hours 0, 48, 96, and 144 of experimental trial. Tylosin-based combination therapy resulted in a rapid and favorable recovery resulting in restoration of normal body temperature (102.46 ± 0.31 °F), respiration rate (16.30 ± 0.79 per minute), and heart rate (89.50 ± 2.63 per minute) compared to the oxytetracycline (102.95 ± 0.13, 21.30 ± 1.12, 86.00 ± 2.33, respectively) and enrofloxacin (102.97 ± 0.19, 21.00 ± 1.25, 90.00 ± 2.58, respectively) treated groups. By hour 144, all the groups showed restoration of clinical parameters of normal health and diminishing signs of CCPP, viz. fever, dyspnea, coughing, nasal discharge, weakness, and pleurodynia. Significant (
P
≤ 0.05) decrease in levels of TNF-α and non-significant (
P
> 0.05) decrease in levels of TOS and an increase in levels of TAS were noted from hour 0 to 144 in all the test groups. Within the groups, no significant (
P
> 0.05) change was noted in TNF-α, TOS, and TAS levels; however, TNF-α levels were comparatively lower in group III. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly (
P
> 0.05). From these findings, it can be inferred that tylosin-based combination therapy is relatively better for early, rapid, and safe recovery besides minimizing inflammatory and oxidative cascade in CCPP affected Pashmina goats compared to oxytetracycline- and enrofloxacin-based therapies.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Allergic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antibiotic resistance</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Caprinae</subject><subject>Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination - veterinary</subject><subject>Dyspnea</subject><subject>Enrofloxacin</subject><subject>Enrofloxacin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Goat Diseases - drug therapy</subject><subject>Goats</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Meloxicam</subject><subject>Meloxicam - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Myalgia</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidizing agents</subject><subject>Oxytetracycline</subject><subject>Oxytetracycline - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Pheniramine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Pleuropneumonia</subject><subject>Pleuropneumonia - veterinary</subject><subject>Pleuropneumonia, Contagious - drug therapy</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Mycoplasma</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Regular Articles</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Restoration</subject><subject>Therapy</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Tylosin</subject><subject>Tylosin - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>0049-4747</issn><issn>1573-7438</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9rFTEUxYMo9rX6BVxIwI2b0fydZJbyqLZQ0IWuQyZz85oyk4xJplDww5vnqwouXIRk8Tsn596D0CtK3lFC1PtCKZOkI3Q4Hso79gTtqFS8U4Lrp2hHiBg6oYQ6Q-el3BHSZLp_js44Jaofhn6HfuzTstpsa7gHDPd23tozRZw8noL3kCFWXG8h2xW2Ghxec6rJpblgnzJ2KVZ7CGkr2Nk1hwh4nWHLaY2wLSkGi0PEV2Gxs32wEX-x5XYJ0eJDsrW8QM-8nQu8fLwv0LePl1_3V93N50_X-w83neNK1m4SAwgnyEid01YLpj1zanKSj4pI6UYxEj6NHjRxI9GOgpNET5PyjnKnFb9Ab0--Lfz3DUo1SygO5tlGaNENY7ztjygpGvrmH_QubTm2dI1iTPdC9LJR7ES5nErJ4E2bfbH5wVBijt2YUzem9WJ-dWNYE71-tN7GBaY_kt9lNICfgHLc5AHy37__Y_sTUDSdEg</recordid><startdate>20191101</startdate><enddate>20191101</enddate><creator>Yatoo, Mohd. 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Iqbal ; Parray, Oveas Raffiq ; Mir, Muheet ; Bhat, Riyaz Ahmed ; Malik, Hamid Ullah ; Fazili, Mujeeb ur Rehman ; Qureshi, Sabia ; Mir, Masood Salim ; Yousuf, Raja Wasim ; Tufani, Noor Alam ; Dhama, Kuldeep ; Bashir, Shah Tauseef</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-d49e4c40b1cc8a8428f2c7dc53b7055cb4b03dbfe80cb08c1ec508dd7fc13c873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Allergic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antibiotic resistance</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Body temperature</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Caprinae</topic><topic>Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia</topic><topic>Drug Therapy, Combination - veterinary</topic><topic>Dyspnea</topic><topic>Enrofloxacin</topic><topic>Enrofloxacin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Goat Diseases - drug therapy</topic><topic>Goats</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>India</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Meloxicam</topic><topic>Meloxicam - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Myalgia</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidizing agents</topic><topic>Oxytetracycline</topic><topic>Oxytetracycline - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Pheniramine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Pleuropneumonia</topic><topic>Pleuropneumonia - veterinary</topic><topic>Pleuropneumonia, Contagious - drug therapy</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Mycoplasma</topic><topic>Recovery</topic><topic>Regular Articles</topic><topic>Respiration</topic><topic>Restoration</topic><topic>Therapy</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Tylosin</topic><topic>Tylosin - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science</topic><topic>Zoology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yatoo, Mohd. 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Iqbal</au><au>Parray, Oveas Raffiq</au><au>Mir, Muheet</au><au>Bhat, Riyaz Ahmed</au><au>Malik, Hamid Ullah</au><au>Fazili, Mujeeb ur Rehman</au><au>Qureshi, Sabia</au><au>Mir, Masood Salim</au><au>Yousuf, Raja Wasim</au><au>Tufani, Noor Alam</au><au>Dhama, Kuldeep</au><au>Bashir, Shah Tauseef</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative evaluation of different therapeutic protocols for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats</atitle><jtitle>Tropical animal health and production</jtitle><stitle>Trop Anim Health Prod</stitle><addtitle>Trop Anim Health Prod</addtitle><date>2019-11-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2127</spage><epage>2137</epage><pages>2127-2137</pages><issn>0049-4747</issn><eissn>1573-7438</eissn><abstract>Therapeutic management of contagious caprine pleuroneumonia (CCPP) involves mostly the use of oxytetracycline followed by enrofloxacin and rarely tylosin. In many parts of the world including India, the former antibiotics are commonly available than the latter. Therefore, prolonged use of the same leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and decreased efficacy of drug. Besides, inflammatory and allergic pathogenesis of CCPP envisages combination therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the combination therapy using different antibiotics (oxytetracycyline @ 10: group I, enrofloxacin @ 5 group II, and tylosin: group III, @ 10 mg/kg body weight), along with anti-inflammatory (meloxicam @ 0.5 mg/kg) and anti-allergic (pheneramine maleate @ 1.0 mg/kg) drugs. These drugs were given intramuscularly at the interval of 48 h for four times in three test groups (
n
= 10) of Pashmina goats, viz. groups I, II, and III, respectively, affected with CCPP. Group IV (
n
= 10) was kept as healthy control when group V (
n
= 10) treated with oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg alone was used as positive control. Clinical signs, clinical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), and oxidative stress indices (total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS)) were evaluated at hours 0, 48, 96, and 144 of experimental trial. Tylosin-based combination therapy resulted in a rapid and favorable recovery resulting in restoration of normal body temperature (102.46 ± 0.31 °F), respiration rate (16.30 ± 0.79 per minute), and heart rate (89.50 ± 2.63 per minute) compared to the oxytetracycline (102.95 ± 0.13, 21.30 ± 1.12, 86.00 ± 2.33, respectively) and enrofloxacin (102.97 ± 0.19, 21.00 ± 1.25, 90.00 ± 2.58, respectively) treated groups. By hour 144, all the groups showed restoration of clinical parameters of normal health and diminishing signs of CCPP, viz. fever, dyspnea, coughing, nasal discharge, weakness, and pleurodynia. Significant (
P
≤ 0.05) decrease in levels of TNF-α and non-significant (
P
> 0.05) decrease in levels of TOS and an increase in levels of TAS were noted from hour 0 to 144 in all the test groups. Within the groups, no significant (
P
> 0.05) change was noted in TNF-α, TOS, and TAS levels; however, TNF-α levels were comparatively lower in group III. Hematological parameters did not differ significantly (
P
> 0.05). From these findings, it can be inferred that tylosin-based combination therapy is relatively better for early, rapid, and safe recovery besides minimizing inflammatory and oxidative cascade in CCPP affected Pashmina goats compared to oxytetracycline- and enrofloxacin-based therapies.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>31076996</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0049-4747 |
| ispartof | Tropical animal health and production, 2019-11, Vol.51 (8), p.2127-2137 |
| issn | 0049-4747 1573-7438 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2231910754 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Animals Anti-Allergic Agents - therapeutic use Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antioxidants Biomedical and Life Sciences Body temperature Body weight Caprinae Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia Drug Therapy, Combination - veterinary Dyspnea Enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin - therapeutic use Female Fever Goat Diseases - drug therapy Goats Heart rate India Inflammation Life Sciences Meloxicam Meloxicam - therapeutic use Myalgia Oxidative stress Oxidizing agents Oxytetracycline Oxytetracycline - therapeutic use Parameters Pathogenesis Pheniramine - therapeutic use Pleuropneumonia Pleuropneumonia - veterinary Pleuropneumonia, Contagious - drug therapy Pneumonia, Mycoplasma Recovery Regular Articles Respiration Restoration Therapy Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α Tylosin Tylosin - therapeutic use Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science Zoology |
| title | Comparative evaluation of different therapeutic protocols for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina goats |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-22T16%3A02%3A23IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparative%20evaluation%20of%20different%20therapeutic%20protocols%20for%20contagious%20caprine%20pleuropneumonia%20in%20Himalayan%20Pashmina%20goats&rft.jtitle=Tropical%20animal%20health%20and%20production&rft.au=Yatoo,%20Mohd.%20Iqbal&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2127&rft.epage=2137&rft.pages=2127-2137&rft.issn=0049-4747&rft.eissn=1573-7438&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11250-019-01913-2&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2231910754%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2222864465&rft_id=info:pmid/31076996&rfr_iscdi=true |