Informal caregivers’ well‐being and care recipients’ quality of life and community reintegration – findings from a stroke survivor sample
Background Stroke is highly debilitating and requires long‐term care. Informal caregivers of stroke survivors play important roles in stroke rehabilitation. Caring for stroke survivors can negatively affect the caregivers’ well‐being and may adversely impact on their caregiving quality and subsequen...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Scandinavian journal of caring sciences 2019-09, Vol.33 (3), p.641-650 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 650 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | 641 |
| container_title | Scandinavian journal of caring sciences |
| container_volume | 33 |
| creator | Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka Okoro, Sandra Chioma Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne Ihegihu, Chima Collins |
| description | Background
Stroke is highly debilitating and requires long‐term care. Informal caregivers of stroke survivors play important roles in stroke rehabilitation. Caring for stroke survivors can negatively affect the caregivers’ well‐being and may adversely impact on their caregiving quality and subsequently on stroke survivors’ well‐being. There seems to be a dearth of research on the relationships between caregivers’ and stroke survivors’ well‐being.
Aims and Objectives
This study was designed to determine the relationships among informal caregivers’ burden and quality of life (QOL) and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration.
Methods
This ethically certified cross‐sectional survey involved 82 stroke survivors (mean age = 60.48 ± 11.13 years) and their 82 primary caregivers (mean age = 36.13 ± 13.69 years) consecutively recruited from seven conveniently sampled tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Caregivers Strain Index, Igbo‐culture adapted Maleka Stroke Community Reintegration Measure and Short‐Form 36‐item Health Survey questionnaires were used to assess the caregivers’ burden, survivors’ community reintegration and QOL (of survivors and caregivers), respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at alpha level of 0.05.
Results
The mean stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were 34.05 ± 21.54% and 34.93 ± 16 ± 49%, respectively. The mean caregivers’ QOL and burden scores were 74.49 ± 12.61% and 9.13 ± 3.18, respectively. About 80.5% of the caregivers experienced significant burden. Stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration, and caregivers’ QOL and burden significantly correlated with one another (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/scs.12657 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2229092109</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2229092109</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4197-28591cbe805f525f020451c122031dc6bc32a7c0b5fcbb3957ebd110ddb0aa963</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10ctuEzEUBmALUdFQWPACyBIbWEzrSxyPlyjiUqkSi5b1yPYcRy4zdmrPpMoujwBixevlSXAyhUWlemPJ_vzrWD9Cbyg5p2VdZJvPKVsI-QzN6FzSaiEpe45mhNW8UpzWp-hlzreEECEIfYFOOZF8zjmZoV-XwcXU6w5bnWDlN5DyfvcH30PX7Xc_Dfiwwjq0x2ucwPq1hzAczd2oOz9scXS48w4mFvt-DIfTVJ4OsEp68DHg_e43dj60JS5jl2KPNc5Dij8A5zFt_CYmnHW_7uAVOnG6y_D6YT9D3z9_ull-ra6-fblcfryq7JwqWbFaKGoN1EQ4wYQjjMwFtZQxwmlrF8ZypqUlRjhrDFdCgmkpJW1riNZqwc_Q-yl3neLdCHloep9t-bYOEMfcMMYUUYwSVei7R_Q2jimU6YqqpZKMqoP6MCmbYs4JXLNOvtdp21DSHHpqSk_Nsadi3z4kjqaH9r_8V0wBFxO49x1sn05qrpfXU-RfyW6iVQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2287972199</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Informal caregivers’ well‐being and care recipients’ quality of life and community reintegration – findings from a stroke survivor sample</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka ; Okoro, Sandra Chioma ; Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo ; Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna ; Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne ; Ihegihu, Chima Collins</creator><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka ; Okoro, Sandra Chioma ; Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo ; Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna ; Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne ; Ihegihu, Chima Collins</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Stroke is highly debilitating and requires long‐term care. Informal caregivers of stroke survivors play important roles in stroke rehabilitation. Caring for stroke survivors can negatively affect the caregivers’ well‐being and may adversely impact on their caregiving quality and subsequently on stroke survivors’ well‐being. There seems to be a dearth of research on the relationships between caregivers’ and stroke survivors’ well‐being.
Aims and Objectives
This study was designed to determine the relationships among informal caregivers’ burden and quality of life (QOL) and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration.
Methods
This ethically certified cross‐sectional survey involved 82 stroke survivors (mean age = 60.48 ± 11.13 years) and their 82 primary caregivers (mean age = 36.13 ± 13.69 years) consecutively recruited from seven conveniently sampled tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Caregivers Strain Index, Igbo‐culture adapted Maleka Stroke Community Reintegration Measure and Short‐Form 36‐item Health Survey questionnaires were used to assess the caregivers’ burden, survivors’ community reintegration and QOL (of survivors and caregivers), respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at alpha level of 0.05.
Results
The mean stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were 34.05 ± 21.54% and 34.93 ± 16 ± 49%, respectively. The mean caregivers’ QOL and burden scores were 74.49 ± 12.61% and 9.13 ± 3.18, respectively. About 80.5% of the caregivers experienced significant burden. Stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration, and caregivers’ QOL and burden significantly correlated with one another (p < 0.05). Poststroke duration, survivor–caregiver cohabitation duration, survivors’ community‐dwelling duration and daily care‐giving hours significantly correlated with each of stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL, and caregivers’ burden and QOL (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were poor while caregivers’ had moderate QOL and high prevalence of significant burden. Significant correlations exist between caregivers’ well‐being and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration. Interventions targeted at reducing caregivers’ burden may help improve both caregivers and survivors’ well‐being.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0283-9318</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-6712</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/scs.12657</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30734330</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Sweden: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; burden ; Caregiver burden ; Caregivers ; Caregivers - psychology ; Caregivers - statistics & numerical data ; Caregiving ; Cohabitation ; Community ; community reintegration ; Comparative studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diuretics ; Female ; health ; Health surveys ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Informal care ; informal caregivers ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nursing ; poststroke ; Quality of life ; Quality of Life - psychology ; Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; strain ; Stroke ; Stroke - psychology ; Stroke Rehabilitation - psychology ; Survivor ; survivors ; Well being</subject><ispartof>Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 2019-09, Vol.33 (3), p.641-650</ispartof><rights>2019 Nordic College of Caring Science</rights><rights>2019 Nordic College of Caring Science.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Nordic College of Caring Science</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4197-28591cbe805f525f020451c122031dc6bc32a7c0b5fcbb3957ebd110ddb0aa963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4197-28591cbe805f525f020451c122031dc6bc32a7c0b5fcbb3957ebd110ddb0aa963</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2244-6866 ; 0000-0002-3379-2134</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fscs.12657$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fscs.12657$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,30976,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30734330$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okoro, Sandra Chioma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ihegihu, Chima Collins</creatorcontrib><title>Informal caregivers’ well‐being and care recipients’ quality of life and community reintegration – findings from a stroke survivor sample</title><title>Scandinavian journal of caring sciences</title><addtitle>Scand J Caring Sci</addtitle><description>Background
Stroke is highly debilitating and requires long‐term care. Informal caregivers of stroke survivors play important roles in stroke rehabilitation. Caring for stroke survivors can negatively affect the caregivers’ well‐being and may adversely impact on their caregiving quality and subsequently on stroke survivors’ well‐being. There seems to be a dearth of research on the relationships between caregivers’ and stroke survivors’ well‐being.
Aims and Objectives
This study was designed to determine the relationships among informal caregivers’ burden and quality of life (QOL) and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration.
Methods
This ethically certified cross‐sectional survey involved 82 stroke survivors (mean age = 60.48 ± 11.13 years) and their 82 primary caregivers (mean age = 36.13 ± 13.69 years) consecutively recruited from seven conveniently sampled tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Caregivers Strain Index, Igbo‐culture adapted Maleka Stroke Community Reintegration Measure and Short‐Form 36‐item Health Survey questionnaires were used to assess the caregivers’ burden, survivors’ community reintegration and QOL (of survivors and caregivers), respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at alpha level of 0.05.
Results
The mean stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were 34.05 ± 21.54% and 34.93 ± 16 ± 49%, respectively. The mean caregivers’ QOL and burden scores were 74.49 ± 12.61% and 9.13 ± 3.18, respectively. About 80.5% of the caregivers experienced significant burden. Stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration, and caregivers’ QOL and burden significantly correlated with one another (p < 0.05). Poststroke duration, survivor–caregiver cohabitation duration, survivors’ community‐dwelling duration and daily care‐giving hours significantly correlated with each of stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL, and caregivers’ burden and QOL (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were poor while caregivers’ had moderate QOL and high prevalence of significant burden. Significant correlations exist between caregivers’ well‐being and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration. Interventions targeted at reducing caregivers’ burden may help improve both caregivers and survivors’ well‐being.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>burden</subject><subject>Caregiver burden</subject><subject>Caregivers</subject><subject>Caregivers - psychology</subject><subject>Caregivers - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Caregiving</subject><subject>Cohabitation</subject><subject>Community</subject><subject>community reintegration</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diuretics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>health</subject><subject>Health surveys</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Informal care</subject><subject>informal caregivers</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nursing</subject><subject>poststroke</subject><subject>Quality of life</subject><subject>Quality of Life - psychology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Rehabilitation</subject><subject>strain</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Stroke - psychology</subject><subject>Stroke Rehabilitation - psychology</subject><subject>Survivor</subject><subject>survivors</subject><subject>Well being</subject><issn>0283-9318</issn><issn>1471-6712</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp10ctuEzEUBmALUdFQWPACyBIbWEzrSxyPlyjiUqkSi5b1yPYcRy4zdmrPpMoujwBixevlSXAyhUWlemPJ_vzrWD9Cbyg5p2VdZJvPKVsI-QzN6FzSaiEpe45mhNW8UpzWp-hlzreEECEIfYFOOZF8zjmZoV-XwcXU6w5bnWDlN5DyfvcH30PX7Xc_Dfiwwjq0x2ucwPq1hzAczd2oOz9scXS48w4mFvt-DIfTVJ4OsEp68DHg_e43dj60JS5jl2KPNc5Dij8A5zFt_CYmnHW_7uAVOnG6y_D6YT9D3z9_ull-ra6-fblcfryq7JwqWbFaKGoN1EQ4wYQjjMwFtZQxwmlrF8ZypqUlRjhrDFdCgmkpJW1riNZqwc_Q-yl3neLdCHloep9t-bYOEMfcMMYUUYwSVei7R_Q2jimU6YqqpZKMqoP6MCmbYs4JXLNOvtdp21DSHHpqSk_Nsadi3z4kjqaH9r_8V0wBFxO49x1sn05qrpfXU-RfyW6iVQ</recordid><startdate>201909</startdate><enddate>201909</enddate><creator>Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka</creator><creator>Okoro, Sandra Chioma</creator><creator>Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo</creator><creator>Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna</creator><creator>Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne</creator><creator>Ihegihu, Chima Collins</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-6866</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-2134</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201909</creationdate><title>Informal caregivers’ well‐being and care recipients’ quality of life and community reintegration – findings from a stroke survivor sample</title><author>Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka ; Okoro, Sandra Chioma ; Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo ; Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna ; Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne ; Ihegihu, Chima Collins</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4197-28591cbe805f525f020451c122031dc6bc32a7c0b5fcbb3957ebd110ddb0aa963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>burden</topic><topic>Caregiver burden</topic><topic>Caregivers</topic><topic>Caregivers - psychology</topic><topic>Caregivers - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Caregiving</topic><topic>Cohabitation</topic><topic>Community</topic><topic>community reintegration</topic><topic>Comparative studies</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diuretics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>health</topic><topic>Health surveys</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Informal care</topic><topic>informal caregivers</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nursing</topic><topic>poststroke</topic><topic>Quality of life</topic><topic>Quality of Life - psychology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Rehabilitation</topic><topic>strain</topic><topic>Stroke</topic><topic>Stroke - psychology</topic><topic>Stroke Rehabilitation - psychology</topic><topic>Survivor</topic><topic>survivors</topic><topic>Well being</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okoro, Sandra Chioma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ihegihu, Chima Collins</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Scandinavian journal of caring sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Okoye, Emmanuel Chiebuka</au><au>Okoro, Sandra Chioma</au><au>Akosile, Christopher Olusanjo</au><au>Onwuakagba, Ifeoma Uchenna</au><au>Ihegihu, Ebere Yvonne</au><au>Ihegihu, Chima Collins</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Informal caregivers’ well‐being and care recipients’ quality of life and community reintegration – findings from a stroke survivor sample</atitle><jtitle>Scandinavian journal of caring sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Scand J Caring Sci</addtitle><date>2019-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>641</spage><epage>650</epage><pages>641-650</pages><issn>0283-9318</issn><eissn>1471-6712</eissn><abstract>Background
Stroke is highly debilitating and requires long‐term care. Informal caregivers of stroke survivors play important roles in stroke rehabilitation. Caring for stroke survivors can negatively affect the caregivers’ well‐being and may adversely impact on their caregiving quality and subsequently on stroke survivors’ well‐being. There seems to be a dearth of research on the relationships between caregivers’ and stroke survivors’ well‐being.
Aims and Objectives
This study was designed to determine the relationships among informal caregivers’ burden and quality of life (QOL) and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration.
Methods
This ethically certified cross‐sectional survey involved 82 stroke survivors (mean age = 60.48 ± 11.13 years) and their 82 primary caregivers (mean age = 36.13 ± 13.69 years) consecutively recruited from seven conveniently sampled tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Caregivers Strain Index, Igbo‐culture adapted Maleka Stroke Community Reintegration Measure and Short‐Form 36‐item Health Survey questionnaires were used to assess the caregivers’ burden, survivors’ community reintegration and QOL (of survivors and caregivers), respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at alpha level of 0.05.
Results
The mean stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were 34.05 ± 21.54% and 34.93 ± 16 ± 49%, respectively. The mean caregivers’ QOL and burden scores were 74.49 ± 12.61% and 9.13 ± 3.18, respectively. About 80.5% of the caregivers experienced significant burden. Stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration, and caregivers’ QOL and burden significantly correlated with one another (p < 0.05). Poststroke duration, survivor–caregiver cohabitation duration, survivors’ community‐dwelling duration and daily care‐giving hours significantly correlated with each of stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL, and caregivers’ burden and QOL (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were poor while caregivers’ had moderate QOL and high prevalence of significant burden. Significant correlations exist between caregivers’ well‐being and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration. Interventions targeted at reducing caregivers’ burden may help improve both caregivers and survivors’ well‐being.</abstract><cop>Sweden</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>30734330</pmid><doi>10.1111/scs.12657</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-6866</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-2134</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0283-9318 |
| ispartof | Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 2019-09, Vol.33 (3), p.641-650 |
| issn | 0283-9318 1471-6712 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2229092109 |
| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Adult Aged burden Caregiver burden Caregivers Caregivers - psychology Caregivers - statistics & numerical data Caregiving Cohabitation Community community reintegration Comparative studies Cross-Sectional Studies Diuretics Female health Health surveys Hospitals Humans Informal care informal caregivers Male Middle Aged Nursing poststroke Quality of life Quality of Life - psychology Questionnaires Rehabilitation strain Stroke Stroke - psychology Stroke Rehabilitation - psychology Survivor survivors Well being |
| title | Informal caregivers’ well‐being and care recipients’ quality of life and community reintegration – findings from a stroke survivor sample |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T03%3A23%3A22IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Informal%20caregivers%E2%80%99%20well%E2%80%90being%20and%20care%20recipients%E2%80%99%20quality%20of%20life%20and%20community%20reintegration%20%E2%80%93%20findings%20from%20a%20stroke%20survivor%20sample&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian%20journal%20of%20caring%20sciences&rft.au=Okoye,%20Emmanuel%20Chiebuka&rft.date=2019-09&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=641&rft.epage=650&rft.pages=641-650&rft.issn=0283-9318&rft.eissn=1471-6712&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/scs.12657&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2229092109%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2287972199&rft_id=info:pmid/30734330&rfr_iscdi=true |