The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age
Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16-84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. Impulses toward the right lateral, right anterior, and left po...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of neurophysiology 2019-07, Vol.122 (1), p.336-349 |
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| creator | Pogson, Jacob M Taylor, Rachael L Bradshaw, Andrew P McGarvie, Leigh D'Souza, Mario Halmagyi, G Michael Welgampola, Miriam S |
| description | Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16-84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. Impulses toward the right lateral, right anterior, and left posterior canals (means: 0.98, 0.91, 0.79) had slightly higher mean gains compared with their counterparts (0.95, 0.86, 0.76). In the older age group (>60 yr), gains of the left posterior canal dropped 0.09 and left anterior canals rose 0.09 resulting in symmetry. All canal gains reduced with increasing head velocity (0.02-0.13 per 100°/s). Comparison of lateral canal gains calculated using five published algorithms yielded lower values (~0.80) when a narrow detection window was used. Low-amplitude refixation saccades (amplitude: 1.11 ± 0.98°, peak velocity: 63.9 ± 34.0°/s at 262.0 ± 93.9 ms) were observed among all age groups (frequency: 40.2 ± 23.4%), increasing in amplitude, peak velocity, and frequency in older subjects. Impulses toward anterior canals showed the least frequent saccades and lateral and posterior canals were similar, but lateral canal impulses showed the smallest saccades and the posterior canal showed the largest saccades. Saccade peak-velocity approximate amplitude "main sequence" slope was steeper for the horizontal canals compared with the vertical planes (60 vs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1152/jn.00847.2018 |
| format | Article |
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Gaze fixation is normally stabilized during rapid "head-impulse" movements by the bisynaptic vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), but earlier studies of normal subjects also report small amplitude saccades. We found that with increased age of the subject the vertical VOR became more variable, while in all semicircular canal directions the saccade frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity increased. We also found that the VOR gain algorithm significantly influences values.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3077</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-1598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1152/jn.00847.2018</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31042447</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging - physiology ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Head Movements ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ; Saccades</subject><ispartof>Journal of neurophysiology, 2019-07, Vol.122 (1), p.336-349</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-e546fd7ee552e3d5606634bfaa496c2afc32cb48b42873afbea0d6c18cd6bec63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-e546fd7ee552e3d5606634bfaa496c2afc32cb48b42873afbea0d6c18cd6bec63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6523-6642 ; 0000-0002-4573-4740 ; 0000-0002-9743-466X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3026,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31042447$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pogson, Jacob M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Rachael L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bradshaw, Andrew P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGarvie, Leigh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D'Souza, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halmagyi, G Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welgampola, Miriam S</creatorcontrib><title>The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age</title><title>Journal of neurophysiology</title><addtitle>J Neurophysiol</addtitle><description>Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16-84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. Impulses toward the right lateral, right anterior, and left posterior canals (means: 0.98, 0.91, 0.79) had slightly higher mean gains compared with their counterparts (0.95, 0.86, 0.76). In the older age group (>60 yr), gains of the left posterior canal dropped 0.09 and left anterior canals rose 0.09 resulting in symmetry. All canal gains reduced with increasing head velocity (0.02-0.13 per 100°/s). Comparison of lateral canal gains calculated using five published algorithms yielded lower values (~0.80) when a narrow detection window was used. Low-amplitude refixation saccades (amplitude: 1.11 ± 0.98°, peak velocity: 63.9 ± 34.0°/s at 262.0 ± 93.9 ms) were observed among all age groups (frequency: 40.2 ± 23.4%), increasing in amplitude, peak velocity, and frequency in older subjects. Impulses toward anterior canals showed the least frequent saccades and lateral and posterior canals were similar, but lateral canal impulses showed the smallest saccades and the posterior canal showed the largest saccades. Saccade peak-velocity approximate amplitude "main sequence" slope was steeper for the horizontal canals compared with the vertical planes (60 vs. <40°/s per 1°). In summary, we found small but significant asymmetries in monocular vHIT gain that changed with age. Healthy subjects commonly have minuscule refixation saccades that are moderately to strongly correlated with vHIT gain.
Gaze fixation is normally stabilized during rapid "head-impulse" movements by the bisynaptic vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), but earlier studies of normal subjects also report small amplitude saccades. We found that with increased age of the subject the vertical VOR became more variable, while in all semicircular canal directions the saccade frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity increased. We also found that the VOR gain algorithm significantly influences values.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fixation, Ocular</subject><subject>Head Movements</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular</subject><subject>Saccades</subject><issn>0022-3077</issn><issn>1522-1598</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kElPwzAQRi0EoqVw5Ip85JIyXmKn3FBVFqkSl_Zs2c6YNspS4gTBvydd4DQz9tOnmUfILYMpYyl_KOopQCb1lAPLzsh4eOMJS2fZORkDDL0ArUfkKsYCAHQK_JKMBAPJpdRjsl5tkG76ytb0C2O3dX3ZJI3vS9vSFkOJ39TWOY3We5tjfKR101a2pLF3BfouHn67IQNDGGbaBGo_8JpcBFtGvDnVCVk_L1bz12T5_vI2f1omXgjeJZhKFXKNmKYcRZ4qUEpIF6yVM-W5DV5w72TmJM-0sMGhhVx5lvlcOfRKTMj9MXfXNp_9sL-pttFjWdoamz4aztkMQDC9R5Mj6tsmxuE0s2u3lW1_DAOzN2mK2hxMmr3Jgb87Rfeuwvyf_lMnfgElo28N</recordid><startdate>20190701</startdate><enddate>20190701</enddate><creator>Pogson, Jacob M</creator><creator>Taylor, Rachael L</creator><creator>Bradshaw, Andrew P</creator><creator>McGarvie, Leigh</creator><creator>D'Souza, Mario</creator><creator>Halmagyi, G Michael</creator><creator>Welgampola, Miriam S</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-6642</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-4740</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-466X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190701</creationdate><title>The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age</title><author>Pogson, Jacob M ; Taylor, Rachael L ; Bradshaw, Andrew P ; McGarvie, Leigh ; D'Souza, Mario ; Halmagyi, G Michael ; Welgampola, Miriam S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c332t-e546fd7ee552e3d5606634bfaa496c2afc32cb48b42873afbea0d6c18cd6bec63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fixation, Ocular</topic><topic>Head Movements</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular</topic><topic>Saccades</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pogson, Jacob M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Rachael L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bradshaw, Andrew P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGarvie, Leigh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D'Souza, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halmagyi, G Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welgampola, Miriam S</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of neurophysiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pogson, Jacob M</au><au>Taylor, Rachael L</au><au>Bradshaw, Andrew P</au><au>McGarvie, Leigh</au><au>D'Souza, Mario</au><au>Halmagyi, G Michael</au><au>Welgampola, Miriam S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age</atitle><jtitle>Journal of neurophysiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Neurophysiol</addtitle><date>2019-07-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>122</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>336</spage><epage>349</epage><pages>336-349</pages><issn>0022-3077</issn><eissn>1522-1598</eissn><abstract>Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16-84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. Impulses toward the right lateral, right anterior, and left posterior canals (means: 0.98, 0.91, 0.79) had slightly higher mean gains compared with their counterparts (0.95, 0.86, 0.76). In the older age group (>60 yr), gains of the left posterior canal dropped 0.09 and left anterior canals rose 0.09 resulting in symmetry. All canal gains reduced with increasing head velocity (0.02-0.13 per 100°/s). Comparison of lateral canal gains calculated using five published algorithms yielded lower values (~0.80) when a narrow detection window was used. Low-amplitude refixation saccades (amplitude: 1.11 ± 0.98°, peak velocity: 63.9 ± 34.0°/s at 262.0 ± 93.9 ms) were observed among all age groups (frequency: 40.2 ± 23.4%), increasing in amplitude, peak velocity, and frequency in older subjects. Impulses toward anterior canals showed the least frequent saccades and lateral and posterior canals were similar, but lateral canal impulses showed the smallest saccades and the posterior canal showed the largest saccades. Saccade peak-velocity approximate amplitude "main sequence" slope was steeper for the horizontal canals compared with the vertical planes (60 vs. <40°/s per 1°). In summary, we found small but significant asymmetries in monocular vHIT gain that changed with age. Healthy subjects commonly have minuscule refixation saccades that are moderately to strongly correlated with vHIT gain.
Gaze fixation is normally stabilized during rapid "head-impulse" movements by the bisynaptic vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), but earlier studies of normal subjects also report small amplitude saccades. We found that with increased age of the subject the vertical VOR became more variable, while in all semicircular canal directions the saccade frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity increased. We also found that the VOR gain algorithm significantly influences values.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>31042447</pmid><doi>10.1152/jn.00847.2018</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-6642</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-4740</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-466X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging - physiology Female Fixation, Ocular Head Movements Humans Male Middle Aged Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular Saccades |
| title | The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age |
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