Efficacy of live attenuated vaccine derived from the Streptococcus agalactiae on the immune responses of Oreochromis niloticus
Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant worldwide economical losses to the aquaculture industries. Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lac...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fish & shellfish immunology 2019-07, Vol.90, p.235-243 |
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| creator | Laith, A.A. Abdullah, M.A. Nurhafizah, W.W.I. Hussein, H.A. Aya, J. Effendy, A.W.M. Najiah, M. |
| description | Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant worldwide economical losses to the aquaculture industries. Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lack of commercial live attenuated vaccine (LAV) against S. agalactiae in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to compare two methods using attenuated bacteria as live vaccine and to evaluate the efficacy of selected LAV on the immune responses and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) against S. agalactiae. The LAV derived from S. agalactiae had been weakened using the chemical agent Acriflavine dye (LAV1), whereas the second vaccine was weakened using serial passages of bacteria on broth media (LAV2). Initial immunization was carried out only on day one, given twice-in the morning and evening, for the 42 day period. Serum samples were collected to determine the systemic antibody (IgM) responses and lysozymal (LSZ) activity using ELISA. On day 43 after immunization, the fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.1 mL of S. agalactiae at LD50 = 1.5 × 105 (CFU)/fish. Fish were monitored daily for 10 days. Clinical signs, mortality and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were recorded. Trial 1 results showed a significant increased (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.052 |
| format | Article |
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•Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant economical losses to the aquaculture industry in Malaysia.•Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lack of commercial live attenuated vaccine (LAV) against S. agalactiae in Malaysia.•The aim of this study is to use attenuated bacteria as live vaccine and to evaluate the efficacy of selected LAV on the immune responses and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) against S. agalactiae.•The study evaluated two methods/trials:•Trial 1: LAV derived from S. agalactiae was weakened using Acriflavine dye (LAV1). Initial dose was given once on day 0 (twice a day; morning, evening), throughout the 6 week period. Blood samples were taken weekly from the caudal vein using sterile plastic syringes. Challenge test was performed after 6 weeks.•Trial 2: Vaccine was weakened using serial passages of bacteria on broth media (LAV2). Initial dose was given once on day 0 (twice a day; morning, evening). Booster dose was administered once (twice a day; morning, evening) after the 4 week period. Blood samples were taken weekly. S. agalactiae challenge test was performed after 8 weeks. Cumulative mortality was monitored for 10 days post-challenge.•Initial immunization was carried out only on day one of the experimental duration. Serum samples were collected to determine the systemic antibody (IgM) responses and lysozymal (LSZ) activity using ELISA. On day 43 after immunization, the fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with S. agalactiae. Fish were monitored daily for 10 days. Clinical signs, mortality and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were recorded.•Trial 1 results showed a significant increased (P < 0.05) in serum IgM titers and LSZ activity as compared to LAV2 and the control group. The efficacy of LAV1 was proven effective as determined by the RPS values.•Trial 2 of LAV1 and control group were further determined by administering primary and booster doses revealed a significant enhancement on the immune responses of tilapia as compared to control group.•LAV revealed to elevate antibody IgM levels, LSZ activity and provide long-term protection when added to feed. LAV is a low-cost vaccine shown to rapidly increase the immune response of fish and increase survival rates of fish against S. agalactiae infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1050-4648</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9947</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.052</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31009810</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Immune responses ; Live attenuated vaccine ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Survival rate</subject><ispartof>Fish & shellfish immunology, 2019-07, Vol.90, p.235-243</ispartof><rights>2019 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f5e13513c9177691511e319aaf4ed61b095197ab54a1cb9074cd749e75e6988b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f5e13513c9177691511e319aaf4ed61b095197ab54a1cb9074cd749e75e6988b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5891-4126 ; 0000-0002-4685-7048</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1050464819302906$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31009810$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Laith, A.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah, M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nurhafizah, W.W.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussein, H.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aya, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Effendy, A.W.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najiah, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Efficacy of live attenuated vaccine derived from the Streptococcus agalactiae on the immune responses of Oreochromis niloticus</title><title>Fish & shellfish immunology</title><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><description>Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant worldwide economical losses to the aquaculture industries. Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lack of commercial live attenuated vaccine (LAV) against S. agalactiae in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to compare two methods using attenuated bacteria as live vaccine and to evaluate the efficacy of selected LAV on the immune responses and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) against S. agalactiae. The LAV derived from S. agalactiae had been weakened using the chemical agent Acriflavine dye (LAV1), whereas the second vaccine was weakened using serial passages of bacteria on broth media (LAV2). Initial immunization was carried out only on day one, given twice-in the morning and evening, for the 42 day period. Serum samples were collected to determine the systemic antibody (IgM) responses and lysozymal (LSZ) activity using ELISA. On day 43 after immunization, the fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.1 mL of S. agalactiae at LD50 = 1.5 × 105 (CFU)/fish. Fish were monitored daily for 10 days. Clinical signs, mortality and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were recorded. Trial 1 results showed a significant increased (P < 0.05) in serum IgM titers and LSZ activity as compared to LAV2 and the control group (unvaccinated fish). The efficacy of LAV1 was proven effective as determined by the RPS values, LAV1 at 81.58% as compared to LAV2 at 65.79%. Trial 2 of LAV1 and control group were further determined by administering primary and booster doses revealed a RPS value for LAV1 of 82.05%, with the significant enhancement on the immune responses of tilapia as compared to control group. In conclusion, LAV revealed to elevate antibody IgM levels, LSZ activity and provide long-term protection when added to feed. LAV is a low-cost vaccine shown to rapidly increase the immune response of fish and increase survival rates of fish against S. agalactiae infection.
•Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant economical losses to the aquaculture industry in Malaysia.•Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lack of commercial live attenuated vaccine (LAV) against S. agalactiae in Malaysia.•The aim of this study is to use attenuated bacteria as live vaccine and to evaluate the efficacy of selected LAV on the immune responses and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) against S. agalactiae.•The study evaluated two methods/trials:•Trial 1: LAV derived from S. agalactiae was weakened using Acriflavine dye (LAV1). Initial dose was given once on day 0 (twice a day; morning, evening), throughout the 6 week period. Blood samples were taken weekly from the caudal vein using sterile plastic syringes. Challenge test was performed after 6 weeks.•Trial 2: Vaccine was weakened using serial passages of bacteria on broth media (LAV2). Initial dose was given once on day 0 (twice a day; morning, evening). Booster dose was administered once (twice a day; morning, evening) after the 4 week period. Blood samples were taken weekly. S. agalactiae challenge test was performed after 8 weeks. Cumulative mortality was monitored for 10 days post-challenge.•Initial immunization was carried out only on day one of the experimental duration. Serum samples were collected to determine the systemic antibody (IgM) responses and lysozymal (LSZ) activity using ELISA. On day 43 after immunization, the fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with S. agalactiae. Fish were monitored daily for 10 days. Clinical signs, mortality and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were recorded.•Trial 1 results showed a significant increased (P < 0.05) in serum IgM titers and LSZ activity as compared to LAV2 and the control group. The efficacy of LAV1 was proven effective as determined by the RPS values.•Trial 2 of LAV1 and control group were further determined by administering primary and booster doses revealed a significant enhancement on the immune responses of tilapia as compared to control group.•LAV revealed to elevate antibody IgM levels, LSZ activity and provide long-term protection when added to feed. LAV is a low-cost vaccine shown to rapidly increase the immune response of fish and increase survival rates of fish against S. agalactiae infection.</description><subject>Immune responses</subject><subject>Live attenuated vaccine</subject><subject>Oreochromis niloticus</subject><subject>Streptococcus agalactiae</subject><subject>Survival rate</subject><issn>1050-4648</issn><issn>1095-9947</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1v1DAQhi0EoqXwA7ggH7kkeNZ2EosTqsqHVKkH4Gw5kzH1KokX21mpF347XrZw5OSR5n0feR7GXoNoQUD3bt_6HNqdANMK1Qq9e8IuQRjdGKP6p6dZi0Z1arhgL3LeCyE62Ynn7EKCEGYAccl-3Xgf0OEDj57P4UjclULr5gpN_OgQw0p8olQ3E_cpLrzcE_9aEh1KxIi4Ze5-uNlhCY54XP_sw7JstZcoH-KaKZ_gd4ki3ldCyHwNcyyhdl-yZ97NmV49vlfs-8ebb9efm9u7T1-uP9w2KLUsjdcEUoNEA33fGdAAJME45xVNHYz1ZjC9G7VygKMRvcKpV4Z6TZ0ZhlFesbdn7iHFnxvlYus3kObZrRS3bHc7kKDV0IsahXMUU8w5kbeHFBaXHiwIe9Ju97ZqtyftVihbtdfOm0f8Ni40_Wv89VwD788BqkceAyWbMdCKNIVEWOwUw3_wvwEzQ5SW</recordid><startdate>20190701</startdate><enddate>20190701</enddate><creator>Laith, A.A.</creator><creator>Abdullah, M.A.</creator><creator>Nurhafizah, W.W.I.</creator><creator>Hussein, H.A.</creator><creator>Aya, J.</creator><creator>Effendy, A.W.M.</creator><creator>Najiah, M.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-4126</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4685-7048</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190701</creationdate><title>Efficacy of live attenuated vaccine derived from the Streptococcus agalactiae on the immune responses of Oreochromis niloticus</title><author>Laith, A.A. ; Abdullah, M.A. ; Nurhafizah, W.W.I. ; Hussein, H.A. ; Aya, J. ; Effendy, A.W.M. ; Najiah, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f5e13513c9177691511e319aaf4ed61b095197ab54a1cb9074cd749e75e6988b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Immune responses</topic><topic>Live attenuated vaccine</topic><topic>Oreochromis niloticus</topic><topic>Streptococcus agalactiae</topic><topic>Survival rate</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Laith, A.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah, M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nurhafizah, W.W.I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussein, H.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aya, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Effendy, A.W.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najiah, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Laith, A.A.</au><au>Abdullah, M.A.</au><au>Nurhafizah, W.W.I.</au><au>Hussein, H.A.</au><au>Aya, J.</au><au>Effendy, A.W.M.</au><au>Najiah, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Efficacy of live attenuated vaccine derived from the Streptococcus agalactiae on the immune responses of Oreochromis niloticus</atitle><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><date>2019-07-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>90</volume><spage>235</spage><epage>243</epage><pages>235-243</pages><issn>1050-4648</issn><eissn>1095-9947</eissn><abstract>Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant worldwide economical losses to the aquaculture industries. Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lack of commercial live attenuated vaccine (LAV) against S. agalactiae in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to compare two methods using attenuated bacteria as live vaccine and to evaluate the efficacy of selected LAV on the immune responses and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) against S. agalactiae. The LAV derived from S. agalactiae had been weakened using the chemical agent Acriflavine dye (LAV1), whereas the second vaccine was weakened using serial passages of bacteria on broth media (LAV2). Initial immunization was carried out only on day one, given twice-in the morning and evening, for the 42 day period. Serum samples were collected to determine the systemic antibody (IgM) responses and lysozymal (LSZ) activity using ELISA. On day 43 after immunization, the fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.1 mL of S. agalactiae at LD50 = 1.5 × 105 (CFU)/fish. Fish were monitored daily for 10 days. Clinical signs, mortality and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were recorded. Trial 1 results showed a significant increased (P < 0.05) in serum IgM titers and LSZ activity as compared to LAV2 and the control group (unvaccinated fish). The efficacy of LAV1 was proven effective as determined by the RPS values, LAV1 at 81.58% as compared to LAV2 at 65.79%. Trial 2 of LAV1 and control group were further determined by administering primary and booster doses revealed a RPS value for LAV1 of 82.05%, with the significant enhancement on the immune responses of tilapia as compared to control group. In conclusion, LAV revealed to elevate antibody IgM levels, LSZ activity and provide long-term protection when added to feed. LAV is a low-cost vaccine shown to rapidly increase the immune response of fish and increase survival rates of fish against S. agalactiae infection.
•Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant economical losses to the aquaculture industry in Malaysia.•Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lack of commercial live attenuated vaccine (LAV) against S. agalactiae in Malaysia.•The aim of this study is to use attenuated bacteria as live vaccine and to evaluate the efficacy of selected LAV on the immune responses and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) against S. agalactiae.•The study evaluated two methods/trials:•Trial 1: LAV derived from S. agalactiae was weakened using Acriflavine dye (LAV1). Initial dose was given once on day 0 (twice a day; morning, evening), throughout the 6 week period. Blood samples were taken weekly from the caudal vein using sterile plastic syringes. Challenge test was performed after 6 weeks.•Trial 2: Vaccine was weakened using serial passages of bacteria on broth media (LAV2). Initial dose was given once on day 0 (twice a day; morning, evening). Booster dose was administered once (twice a day; morning, evening) after the 4 week period. Blood samples were taken weekly. S. agalactiae challenge test was performed after 8 weeks. Cumulative mortality was monitored for 10 days post-challenge.•Initial immunization was carried out only on day one of the experimental duration. Serum samples were collected to determine the systemic antibody (IgM) responses and lysozymal (LSZ) activity using ELISA. On day 43 after immunization, the fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with S. agalactiae. Fish were monitored daily for 10 days. Clinical signs, mortality and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were recorded.•Trial 1 results showed a significant increased (P < 0.05) in serum IgM titers and LSZ activity as compared to LAV2 and the control group. The efficacy of LAV1 was proven effective as determined by the RPS values.•Trial 2 of LAV1 and control group were further determined by administering primary and booster doses revealed a significant enhancement on the immune responses of tilapia as compared to control group.•LAV revealed to elevate antibody IgM levels, LSZ activity and provide long-term protection when added to feed. LAV is a low-cost vaccine shown to rapidly increase the immune response of fish and increase survival rates of fish against S. agalactiae infection.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>31009810</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.052</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-4126</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4685-7048</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Fish & shellfish immunology, 2019-07, Vol.90, p.235-243 |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Immune responses Live attenuated vaccine Oreochromis niloticus Streptococcus agalactiae Survival rate |
| title | Efficacy of live attenuated vaccine derived from the Streptococcus agalactiae on the immune responses of Oreochromis niloticus |
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