Trace Metal Contamination and Risk Assessment of an Urban River in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Ecological and human health risk assessments were undertaken in an urban river, Sand River. Suitability of river water for irrigation was also determined. Samples were taken on a monthly basis from four sites. Site 1 was upstream of a sewage treatment plant, sites 2, 3 and 4 were downstream. The mea...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2019-04, Vol.102 (4), p.492-497 |
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| creator | Moyo, Ngonidzashe. A. G. Rapatsa, Mmaditshaba M. |
| description | Ecological and human health risk assessments were undertaken in an urban river, Sand River. Suitability of river water for irrigation was also determined. Samples were taken on a monthly basis from four sites. Site 1 was upstream of a sewage treatment plant, sites 2, 3 and 4 were downstream. The mean concentrations of trace metals in Sand River water after sewage effluent discharge followed the order Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn ≥ Cd. Trace metal concentrations in the sediment, grass and fish after discharge followed the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The geo-accumulation index showed that the sediment was not contaminated with trace metals. The health risk assessment index showed that consumption of fish from the Sand River was risky because of the high lead levels. Sodium adsorption ratio and soluble sodium percentage were 2.54% and 49.7% respectively. Both these values indicate that Sand River water is suitable for irrigation after effluent discharge. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00128-019-02564-7 |
| format | Article |
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Sodium adsorption ratio and soluble sodium percentage were 2.54% and 49.7% respectively. 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G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rapatsa, Mmaditshaba M.</creatorcontrib><title>Trace Metal Contamination and Risk Assessment of an Urban River in Limpopo Province, South Africa</title><title>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</title><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><description>Ecological and human health risk assessments were undertaken in an urban river, Sand River. Suitability of river water for irrigation was also determined. Samples were taken on a monthly basis from four sites. Site 1 was upstream of a sewage treatment plant, sites 2, 3 and 4 were downstream. The mean concentrations of trace metals in Sand River water after sewage effluent discharge followed the order Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn ≥ Cd. Trace metal concentrations in the sediment, grass and fish after discharge followed the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The geo-accumulation index showed that the sediment was not contaminated with trace metals. The health risk assessment index showed that consumption of fish from the Sand River was risky because of the high lead levels. Sodium adsorption ratio and soluble sodium percentage were 2.54% and 49.7% respectively. Both these values indicate that Sand River water is suitable for irrigation after effluent discharge.</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecological risk assessment</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Impaired water use</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Irrigation water</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>Sewage disposal</subject><subject>Sewage effluents</subject><subject>Sewage treatment</subject><subject>Sewage treatment plants</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Trace metals</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Wastewater discharges</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment plants</subject><subject>Water discharge</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0007-4861</issn><issn>1432-0800</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kF1rFDEUhoModl39A15IoDe9cPTkazJzuSytClta6vY6ZDJnNHUn2SYzhf77xm5V6IUQTiDnOe8JDyHvGXxiAPpzBmC8qYC1FXBVy0q_IAsmBa-gAXhJFlCoSjY1OyJvcr4puGo4f02OBGjecsUWxG6TdUjPcbI7uo5hsqMPdvIxUBt6euXzL7rKGXMeMUw0DuWZXqeu1Ct_h4n6QDd-3Md9pJcp3vng8CP9HufpJ10NyTv7lrwa7C7ju6d7SbZnp9v112pz8eXberWpnNBqqqxyUjQ9yhahddzyTlnX8s5J21oGYqiZdFIz3ttB1Vo3qFB2faN61SOCWJKTQ-w-xdsZ82RGnx3udjZgnLPhnEGrGtaKgh4_Q2_inEL5nOFMa2C1KGdJ-IFyKeaccDD75Eeb7g0D89u_Ofg3xb959G90GfrwFD13I_Z_R_4IL4A4ALm0wg9M_3b_J_YBV4qPgA</recordid><startdate>20190401</startdate><enddate>20190401</enddate><creator>Moyo, Ngonidzashe. 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G. ; Rapatsa, Mmaditshaba M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-a5c438de49e09c2a2b5ac92bc4a9a103f614c4712daf56778e5e4bd85d5dee03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecological risk assessment</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Fish</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Impaired water use</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Irrigation</topic><topic>Irrigation water</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Metal concentrations</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Sand</topic><topic>Sewage disposal</topic><topic>Sewage effluents</topic><topic>Sewage treatment</topic><topic>Sewage treatment plants</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Soil Science & Conservation</topic><topic>Trace metals</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Wastewater discharges</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment plants</topic><topic>Water discharge</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Moyo, Ngonidzashe. 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A. G.</au><au>Rapatsa, Mmaditshaba M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trace Metal Contamination and Risk Assessment of an Urban River in Limpopo Province, South Africa</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology</jtitle><stitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</stitle><addtitle>Bull Environ Contam Toxicol</addtitle><date>2019-04-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>102</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>492</spage><epage>497</epage><pages>492-497</pages><issn>0007-4861</issn><eissn>1432-0800</eissn><abstract>Ecological and human health risk assessments were undertaken in an urban river, Sand River. Suitability of river water for irrigation was also determined. Samples were taken on a monthly basis from four sites. Site 1 was upstream of a sewage treatment plant, sites 2, 3 and 4 were downstream. The mean concentrations of trace metals in Sand River water after sewage effluent discharge followed the order Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn ≥ Cd. Trace metal concentrations in the sediment, grass and fish after discharge followed the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The geo-accumulation index showed that the sediment was not contaminated with trace metals. The health risk assessment index showed that consumption of fish from the Sand River was risky because of the high lead levels. Sodium adsorption ratio and soluble sodium percentage were 2.54% and 49.7% respectively. Both these values indicate that Sand River water is suitable for irrigation after effluent discharge.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>30729251</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00128-019-02564-7</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquatic Pollution Cadmium Contamination Copper Earth and Environmental Science Ecological risk assessment Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Fish Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metals Impaired water use Iron Irrigation Irrigation water Lead Manganese Metal concentrations Pollution Risk assessment Rivers Sand Sewage disposal Sewage effluents Sewage treatment Sewage treatment plants Sodium Soil Science & Conservation Trace metals Waste Water Technology Wastewater discharges Wastewater treatment plants Water discharge Water Management Water Pollution Control Zinc |
| title | Trace Metal Contamination and Risk Assessment of an Urban River in Limpopo Province, South Africa |
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