A multicentre study to predict neonatal survival according to lung‐to‐head ratio and liver herniation in fetuses with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): Hidden mortality from the Latin American CDH Study Group Registry

Objective To evaluate natural history of fetuses congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) prenatally diagnosed in countries where termination of pregnancy is not legally allowed and to predict neonatal survival according to lung area and liver herniation. Methods Prospective study including antenatally...

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Veröffentlicht in:Prenatal diagnosis 2019-06, Vol.39 (7), p.519-526
Hauptverfasser: Cruz‐Martínez, Rogelio, Etchegaray, Adolfo, Molina‐Giraldo, Saulo, Nieto‐Castro, Belen, Gil Guevara, Enrique, Bustillos, Joaquin, Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel, Gámez‐Varela, Alma, Saldivar‐Rodríguez, Daniel, Chávez‐González, Erendira, Keller, Rodolfo, Russo, Ricardo, Yepez‐García, Eduardo, Coronel‐Cruz, Fausto, Torres‐Torres, Johnatan, Rojas‐Macedo, Alejandro, Ibarra‐Ríos, Daniel, Ordorica‐Flores, Ricardo, Nieto‐Zermeño, Jaime, Alcocer‐Alcocer, Manuel
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container_issue 7
container_start_page 519
container_title Prenatal diagnosis
container_volume 39
creator Cruz‐Martínez, Rogelio
Etchegaray, Adolfo
Molina‐Giraldo, Saulo
Nieto‐Castro, Belen
Gil Guevara, Enrique
Bustillos, Joaquin
Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel
Gámez‐Varela, Alma
Saldivar‐Rodríguez, Daniel
Chávez‐González, Erendira
Keller, Rodolfo
Russo, Ricardo
Yepez‐García, Eduardo
Coronel‐Cruz, Fausto
Torres‐Torres, Johnatan
Rojas‐Macedo, Alejandro
Ibarra‐Ríos, Daniel
Ordorica‐Flores, Ricardo
Nieto‐Zermeño, Jaime
Alcocer‐Alcocer, Manuel
description Objective To evaluate natural history of fetuses congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) prenatally diagnosed in countries where termination of pregnancy is not legally allowed and to predict neonatal survival according to lung area and liver herniation. Methods Prospective study including antenatally diagnosed CDH cases managed expectantly during pregnancy in six tertiary Latin American centres. The contribution of the observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio (O/E‐LHR) and liver herniation in predicting neonatal survival was assessed. Results From the total population of 380 CDH cases, 144 isolated fetuses were selected showing an overall survival rate of 31.9% (46/144). Survivors showed significantly higher O/E‐LHR (56.5% vs 34.9%; P 
doi_str_mv 10.1002/pd.5458
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Methods Prospective study including antenatally diagnosed CDH cases managed expectantly during pregnancy in six tertiary Latin American centres. The contribution of the observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio (O/E‐LHR) and liver herniation in predicting neonatal survival was assessed. Results From the total population of 380 CDH cases, 144 isolated fetuses were selected showing an overall survival rate of 31.9% (46/144). Survivors showed significantly higher O/E‐LHR (56.5% vs 34.9%; P &lt; .001), lower proportion of liver herniation (34.8% vs 80.6%, P &lt; .001), and higher gestational age at birth (37.8 vs 36.2 weeks, P &lt; 0.01) than nonsurvivors. Fetuses with an O/E‐LHR less than 35% showed a 3.4% of survival; those with an O/E‐LHR between 35% and 45% showed 28% of survival with liver up and 50% with liver down; those with an O/E‐LHR greater than 45% showed 50% of survival rate with liver up and 76.9% with liver down. Conclusions Neonatal mortality in CDH is higher in Latin American countries. The category of lung hypoplasia should be classified according to the survival rates in our Latin American CDH registry</description><identifier>ISSN: 0197-3851</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0223</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/pd.5458</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30980408</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Body Weights and Measures ; Cephalometry - methods ; Female ; Fetal Viability - physiology ; Fetuses ; Gestational age ; Head - diagnostic imaging ; Head - embryology ; Head - pathology ; Hernia ; Hernia - congenital ; Hernia - diagnosis ; Hernia - mortality ; Hernia - pathology ; Hernias ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - diagnosis ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - mortality ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - pathology ; Humans ; Hypoplasia ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Latin America - epidemiology ; Liver ; Liver Diseases - congenital ; Liver Diseases - diagnosis ; Liver Diseases - mortality ; Liver Diseases - pathology ; Lung - diagnostic imaging ; Lung - embryology ; Lung - pathology ; Lungs ; Male ; Mortality ; Neonates ; Newborn babies ; Organ Size ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Registries - standards ; Survival ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Prenatal diagnosis, 2019-06, Vol.39 (7), p.519-526</ispartof><rights>2019 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3458-45675ef1cfdaadc49af33c39c7df9541b40b4d44453a6b831bf6435ba1049a2e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3458-45675ef1cfdaadc49af33c39c7df9541b40b4d44453a6b831bf6435ba1049a2e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5999-866X ; 0000-0001-6515-2599</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fpd.5458$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fpd.5458$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30980408$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cruz‐Martínez, Rogelio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etchegaray, Adolfo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina‐Giraldo, Saulo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieto‐Castro, Belen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gil Guevara, Enrique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bustillos, Joaquin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gámez‐Varela, Alma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saldivar‐Rodríguez, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chávez‐González, Erendira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keller, Rodolfo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russo, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yepez‐García, Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coronel‐Cruz, Fausto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torres‐Torres, Johnatan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas‐Macedo, Alejandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibarra‐Ríos, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ordorica‐Flores, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieto‐Zermeño, Jaime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alcocer‐Alcocer, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latin American CDH Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the Latin American CDH Study Group</creatorcontrib><title>A multicentre study to predict neonatal survival according to lung‐to‐head ratio and liver herniation in fetuses with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): Hidden mortality from the Latin American CDH Study Group Registry</title><title>Prenatal diagnosis</title><addtitle>Prenat Diagn</addtitle><description>Objective To evaluate natural history of fetuses congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) prenatally diagnosed in countries where termination of pregnancy is not legally allowed and to predict neonatal survival according to lung area and liver herniation. Methods Prospective study including antenatally diagnosed CDH cases managed expectantly during pregnancy in six tertiary Latin American centres. The contribution of the observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio (O/E‐LHR) and liver herniation in predicting neonatal survival was assessed. Results From the total population of 380 CDH cases, 144 isolated fetuses were selected showing an overall survival rate of 31.9% (46/144). Survivors showed significantly higher O/E‐LHR (56.5% vs 34.9%; P &lt; .001), lower proportion of liver herniation (34.8% vs 80.6%, P &lt; .001), and higher gestational age at birth (37.8 vs 36.2 weeks, P &lt; 0.01) than nonsurvivors. Fetuses with an O/E‐LHR less than 35% showed a 3.4% of survival; those with an O/E‐LHR between 35% and 45% showed 28% of survival with liver up and 50% with liver down; those with an O/E‐LHR greater than 45% showed 50% of survival rate with liver up and 76.9% with liver down. Conclusions Neonatal mortality in CDH is higher in Latin American countries. The category of lung hypoplasia should be classified according to the survival rates in our Latin American CDH registry</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Body Weights and Measures</subject><subject>Cephalometry - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetal Viability - physiology</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Gestational age</subject><subject>Head - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Head - embryology</subject><subject>Head - pathology</subject><subject>Hernia</subject><subject>Hernia - congenital</subject><subject>Hernia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Hernia - mortality</subject><subject>Hernia - pathology</subject><subject>Hernias</subject><subject>Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - diagnosis</subject><subject>Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - mortality</subject><subject>Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoplasia</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant Mortality</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Latin America - epidemiology</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver Diseases - congenital</subject><subject>Liver Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Liver Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Liver Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Lung - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Lung - embryology</subject><subject>Lung - pathology</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Neonates</subject><subject>Newborn babies</subject><subject>Organ Size</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Registries - standards</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Survival Rate</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Prenatal</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0197-3851</issn><issn>1097-0223</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10c2O0zAQB_AIgdiyIN4AjcSBRaiLHTttwq3qwhapEoiPc-TYk8SrxA6201VuPALPyIXXwNkWDkhcbMv6-W97JkmeUnJJCUlfD-oy41l-L1lQUqyXJE3Z_WRBaFyzPKNnySPvbyLM02L9MDljpMgJJ_ki-bWBfuyClmiCQ_BhVBMEC4NDpWUAg9aIIDrwozvoQ1wIKa1T2jQz60bT_Pz-I9g4tCgUOBG0BWEUdPqADlp0Rs97BrSBGsPo0cOtDi10WAeQ1jRo9HyD0mJonWj6yOXpIFxsr3Yv38BOK4UGeuui1GGC2tkeQouwj9rApkenpTAQOXy--8S1s-MAn7DRPrjpcfKgFp3HJ6f5PPn67u2X7W65_3D9frvZLyWL9VvybLXOsKayVkIoyQtRMyZZIdeqLjJOK04qrjjnGROrKme0qlecZZWgJNoU2XlyccwdnP02og9lr73ErhOxkqMv05QUK5pSlkX6_B96Y0dn4uuiYmvOZhrVi6OSznrvsC4Hp3vhppKScu59Oahy7n2Uz055Y9Wj-uv-NDuCV0dwqzuc_pdTfry6i_sNhF-9GQ</recordid><startdate>201906</startdate><enddate>201906</enddate><creator>Cruz‐Martínez, Rogelio</creator><creator>Etchegaray, Adolfo</creator><creator>Molina‐Giraldo, Saulo</creator><creator>Nieto‐Castro, Belen</creator><creator>Gil Guevara, Enrique</creator><creator>Bustillos, Joaquin</creator><creator>Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel</creator><creator>Gámez‐Varela, Alma</creator><creator>Saldivar‐Rodríguez, Daniel</creator><creator>Chávez‐González, Erendira</creator><creator>Keller, Rodolfo</creator><creator>Russo, Ricardo</creator><creator>Yepez‐García, Eduardo</creator><creator>Coronel‐Cruz, Fausto</creator><creator>Torres‐Torres, Johnatan</creator><creator>Rojas‐Macedo, Alejandro</creator><creator>Ibarra‐Ríos, Daniel</creator><creator>Ordorica‐Flores, Ricardo</creator><creator>Nieto‐Zermeño, Jaime</creator><creator>Alcocer‐Alcocer, Manuel</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-866X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-2599</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201906</creationdate><title>A multicentre study to predict neonatal survival according to lung‐to‐head ratio and liver herniation in fetuses with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): Hidden mortality from the Latin American CDH Study Group Registry</title><author>Cruz‐Martínez, Rogelio ; Etchegaray, Adolfo ; Molina‐Giraldo, Saulo ; Nieto‐Castro, Belen ; Gil Guevara, Enrique ; Bustillos, Joaquin ; Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel ; Gámez‐Varela, Alma ; Saldivar‐Rodríguez, Daniel ; Chávez‐González, Erendira ; Keller, Rodolfo ; Russo, Ricardo ; Yepez‐García, Eduardo ; Coronel‐Cruz, Fausto ; Torres‐Torres, Johnatan ; Rojas‐Macedo, Alejandro ; Ibarra‐Ríos, Daniel ; Ordorica‐Flores, Ricardo ; Nieto‐Zermeño, Jaime ; Alcocer‐Alcocer, Manuel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3458-45675ef1cfdaadc49af33c39c7df9541b40b4d44453a6b831bf6435ba1049a2e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Body Weights and Measures</topic><topic>Cephalometry - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetal Viability - physiology</topic><topic>Fetuses</topic><topic>Gestational age</topic><topic>Head - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Head - embryology</topic><topic>Head - pathology</topic><topic>Hernia</topic><topic>Hernia - congenital</topic><topic>Hernia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Hernia - mortality</topic><topic>Hernia - pathology</topic><topic>Hernias</topic><topic>Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - diagnosis</topic><topic>Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - mortality</topic><topic>Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoplasia</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant Mortality</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Latin America - epidemiology</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver Diseases - congenital</topic><topic>Liver Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Liver Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Liver Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Lung - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Lung - embryology</topic><topic>Lung - pathology</topic><topic>Lungs</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Neonates</topic><topic>Newborn babies</topic><topic>Organ Size</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Registries - standards</topic><topic>Survival</topic><topic>Survival Rate</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Prenatal</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cruz‐Martínez, Rogelio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etchegaray, Adolfo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina‐Giraldo, Saulo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieto‐Castro, Belen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gil Guevara, Enrique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bustillos, Joaquin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gámez‐Varela, Alma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saldivar‐Rodríguez, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chávez‐González, Erendira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keller, Rodolfo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russo, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yepez‐García, Eduardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coronel‐Cruz, Fausto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torres‐Torres, Johnatan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas‐Macedo, Alejandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibarra‐Ríos, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ordorica‐Flores, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieto‐Zermeño, Jaime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alcocer‐Alcocer, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latin American CDH Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the Latin American CDH Study Group</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Prenatal diagnosis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cruz‐Martínez, Rogelio</au><au>Etchegaray, Adolfo</au><au>Molina‐Giraldo, Saulo</au><au>Nieto‐Castro, Belen</au><au>Gil Guevara, Enrique</au><au>Bustillos, Joaquin</au><au>Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel</au><au>Gámez‐Varela, Alma</au><au>Saldivar‐Rodríguez, Daniel</au><au>Chávez‐González, Erendira</au><au>Keller, Rodolfo</au><au>Russo, Ricardo</au><au>Yepez‐García, Eduardo</au><au>Coronel‐Cruz, Fausto</au><au>Torres‐Torres, Johnatan</au><au>Rojas‐Macedo, Alejandro</au><au>Ibarra‐Ríos, Daniel</au><au>Ordorica‐Flores, Ricardo</au><au>Nieto‐Zermeño, Jaime</au><au>Alcocer‐Alcocer, Manuel</au><aucorp>Latin American CDH Study Group</aucorp><aucorp>on behalf of the Latin American CDH Study Group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A multicentre study to predict neonatal survival according to lung‐to‐head ratio and liver herniation in fetuses with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): Hidden mortality from the Latin American CDH Study Group Registry</atitle><jtitle>Prenatal diagnosis</jtitle><addtitle>Prenat Diagn</addtitle><date>2019-06</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>519</spage><epage>526</epage><pages>519-526</pages><issn>0197-3851</issn><eissn>1097-0223</eissn><abstract>Objective To evaluate natural history of fetuses congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) prenatally diagnosed in countries where termination of pregnancy is not legally allowed and to predict neonatal survival according to lung area and liver herniation. Methods Prospective study including antenatally diagnosed CDH cases managed expectantly during pregnancy in six tertiary Latin American centres. The contribution of the observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio (O/E‐LHR) and liver herniation in predicting neonatal survival was assessed. Results From the total population of 380 CDH cases, 144 isolated fetuses were selected showing an overall survival rate of 31.9% (46/144). Survivors showed significantly higher O/E‐LHR (56.5% vs 34.9%; P &lt; .001), lower proportion of liver herniation (34.8% vs 80.6%, P &lt; .001), and higher gestational age at birth (37.8 vs 36.2 weeks, P &lt; 0.01) than nonsurvivors. Fetuses with an O/E‐LHR less than 35% showed a 3.4% of survival; those with an O/E‐LHR between 35% and 45% showed 28% of survival with liver up and 50% with liver down; those with an O/E‐LHR greater than 45% showed 50% of survival rate with liver up and 76.9% with liver down. Conclusions Neonatal mortality in CDH is higher in Latin American countries. The category of lung hypoplasia should be classified according to the survival rates in our Latin American CDH registry</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>30980408</pmid><doi>10.1002/pd.5458</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-866X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-2599</orcidid></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Adult
Body Weights and Measures
Cephalometry - methods
Female
Fetal Viability - physiology
Fetuses
Gestational age
Head - diagnostic imaging
Head - embryology
Head - pathology
Hernia
Hernia - congenital
Hernia - diagnosis
Hernia - mortality
Hernia - pathology
Hernias
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - diagnosis
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - mortality
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital - pathology
Humans
Hypoplasia
Infant
Infant Mortality
Infant, Newborn
Latin America - epidemiology
Liver
Liver Diseases - congenital
Liver Diseases - diagnosis
Liver Diseases - mortality
Liver Diseases - pathology
Lung - diagnostic imaging
Lung - embryology
Lung - pathology
Lungs
Male
Mortality
Neonates
Newborn babies
Organ Size
Pregnancy
Prognosis
Registries - standards
Survival
Survival Rate
Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Young Adult
title A multicentre study to predict neonatal survival according to lung‐to‐head ratio and liver herniation in fetuses with left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): Hidden mortality from the Latin American CDH Study Group Registry
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