Hydroalcoholic extract from Baccharis dracunculifolia recovers the gastric ulcerated tissue, and p‐coumaric acid is a pivotal bioactive compound to this action

Baccharis dracunculifolia is a medicinal plant native to southeastern Brazil and is the main botanical source used by bees (Apis mellifera) in the manufacture of green propolis and display similar gastroprotective action and chemical profile. This article reports the healing gastric ulcer activity of the hydroethanolic extract of B. dracunculifolia (HEBD) in an acetic acid‐induced ulcer model. In addition to the extract, the isolated compounds ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, caffeic acid, baccharin, and aromadendrin‐4’‐O‐methyl ether were also assayed. HEBD at a dose of 300 mg/kg reduced the ulcerated area by 49.4% after treatment for 7 days, twice a day. Histological analyses revealed that the margins and base of the ulcer obtained significant regeneration, and periodic acid Schiff base staining showed a 78.2% increase in the mucin levels. The action on the enzymatic antioxidant system demonstrated an increased activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione‐S‐transferase, in addition to raising glutathione reduced levels and myeloperoxidase activity. HEBD did not show cytotoxicity in the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenylterazole bromine test. In vitro, HEBD inhibited the H+/K+‐ATPase enzyme and showed antioxidant activity in the 2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picryllydrazyl test. Regarding the isolated compounds, oral administration of p‐coumaric acid (15 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerated area by 66.2%. The results suggest that HEBD recovers the gastric ulcerated tissue, raising mucus and antioxidant enzyme levels, and reducing the H+/K+‐ATPase activity. In addition, the findings confirm that p‐coumaric acid is a pivotal bioactive compound on the gastric healing effects elicited by HEBD. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):479–489, 2019