Shear modulus and cyclic undrained behavior of sands

The results are summarized of laboratory experiments performed to investigate the effects that factors such as fabric, anisotropic consolidation, and stress-strain history have on the shear modulus at very small strains, on the drained modulus degradation curve, and on the cyclic undrained shear strength of sands. Based on the findings, the limitations involved in the use of the shear modulus at very small strains and the shear modulus at larger strains are discussed.