Targeting the Immune System in Atherosclerosis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review
Atherosclerosis has long been known as an inflammatory disease. However, whether targeting inflammation improves outcomes was unproven until the recent results of CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study). In this review, we reflect on why it has taken a long time to prove the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2019-04, Vol.73 (13), p.1691-1706 |
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| container_title | Journal of the American College of Cardiology |
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| creator | Zhao, Tian X Mallat, Ziad |
| description | Atherosclerosis has long been known as an inflammatory disease. However, whether targeting inflammation improves outcomes was unproven until the recent results of CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study). In this review, we reflect on why it has taken a long time to prove the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis and derive important lessons for the future. In particular, we discuss the off-target immune-modulatory effects of approved cardiovascular therapies, review the attempted anti-inflammatory therapies including the recently published CIRT (Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial), and discuss the likely reasons for their failures. We further build on CANTOS to review the immune-modulatory therapies for atherosclerosis currently in trials, and discuss the likelihood of their added value as well as the potential hazard associated with their use. We finally argue for a critical approach to the use of animal models, coupled with the use of humans as model organisms to accelerate the identification of the most appropriate targets. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.083 |
| format | Article |
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Mallat, Ziad</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p154t-5a482e4afd0d5b9576290e21be9b6c31f1d94af2deeb3812d278111593b6fdae3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Arteriosclerosis</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - drug therapy</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - immunology</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Clinical Trials as Topic</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Dihydrofolate reductase</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Endothelium</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Immunomodulation</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammatory diseases</topic><topic>Licenses</topic><topic>Lipoproteins</topic><topic>Low density lipoprotein receptors</topic><topic>Molecular Targeted Therapy</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Patient safety</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>Statins</topic><topic>Thromboembolism</topic><topic>Thrombosis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Tian X</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mallat, Ziad</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American College of Cardiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhao, Tian X</au><au>Mallat, Ziad</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Targeting the Immune System in Atherosclerosis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American College of Cardiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Coll Cardiol</addtitle><date>2019-04-09</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>1691</spage><epage>1706</epage><pages>1691-1706</pages><issn>0735-1097</issn><eissn>1558-3597</eissn><abstract>Atherosclerosis has long been known as an inflammatory disease. 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| ispartof | Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2019-04, Vol.73 (13), p.1691-1706 |
| issn | 0735-1097 1558-3597 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animal models Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - drug therapy Atherosclerosis - immunology Cardiology Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Clinical Trials as Topic Cytokines Dihydrofolate reductase Drug dosages Endothelium Enzymes Humans Immune system Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use Immunomodulation Inflammation Inflammatory diseases Licenses Lipoproteins Low density lipoprotein receptors Molecular Targeted Therapy Nitric oxide Patient safety Reviews Statins Thromboembolism Thrombosis |
| title | Targeting the Immune System in Atherosclerosis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review |
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