Epigenetic treatment combinations to effectively target cisplatin‐resistant germ cell tumors: past, present, and future considerations
Background Type II germ cell tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15–45 years. Despite high cure rates of >90% over all stages, 10–15% of advanced patients develop treatment resistance and potentially succumb to their disease. Treatment of refractory germ cell tumors rema...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Andrology (Oxford) 2019-07, Vol.7 (4), p.487-497 |
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| creator | Oing, C. Skowron, M. A. Bokemeyer, C. Nettersheim, D. |
| description | Background
Type II germ cell tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15–45 years. Despite high cure rates of >90% over all stages, 10–15% of advanced patients develop treatment resistance and potentially succumb to their disease. Treatment of refractory germ cell tumors remains unsatisfactory, and new approaches are needed to further improve outcomes.
Objectives
With this narrative review, we highlight epigenetic mechanisms related to resistance to standard systemic treatment, which may act as promising targets for novel combined epigenetic treatment approaches.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted to identify original and review articles on resistance mechanisms and/or epigenetic treatment of germ cell tumors in vitro and in vivo. Review articles were hand‐searched to identify additional articles.
Results
Distinct epigenetic phenomena have been linked to chemotherapy resistance in germ cell tumors, among which DNA hypermethylation, histone acetylation, and bromodomain proteins appear as promising targets for therapeutic exploitation. Inhibitors of key regulators, for example DNA methyltransferases (e.g. decitabine, guadecitabine), histone deacetylases (e.g. romidepsin), and bromodomain proteins (e.g. JQ1) decreased cell viability, triggered apoptosis, and growth arrest. Additionally, these epigenetic drugs induced differentiation and led to loss of pluripotency and re‐sensitization towards cisplatin in cell lines and animal models.
Discussion
Epigenetic treatments hold promise to (i) reduce the treatment burden of and (ii) overcome resistance to standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Combined approaches may enhance activity, while the ideal target and treatment combination of epigenetic drugs, either with another epigenetic agent or conventional cytotoxic agents need to be defined.
Conclusion
Epigenetic (combination) treatment for germ cell tumors should be further explored in pre‐clinical and clinical research for its potential to further improve germ cell tumor treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/andr.12611 |
| format | Article |
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Type II germ cell tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15–45 years. Despite high cure rates of >90% over all stages, 10–15% of advanced patients develop treatment resistance and potentially succumb to their disease. Treatment of refractory germ cell tumors remains unsatisfactory, and new approaches are needed to further improve outcomes.
Objectives
With this narrative review, we highlight epigenetic mechanisms related to resistance to standard systemic treatment, which may act as promising targets for novel combined epigenetic treatment approaches.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted to identify original and review articles on resistance mechanisms and/or epigenetic treatment of germ cell tumors in vitro and in vivo. Review articles were hand‐searched to identify additional articles.
Results
Distinct epigenetic phenomena have been linked to chemotherapy resistance in germ cell tumors, among which DNA hypermethylation, histone acetylation, and bromodomain proteins appear as promising targets for therapeutic exploitation. Inhibitors of key regulators, for example DNA methyltransferases (e.g. decitabine, guadecitabine), histone deacetylases (e.g. romidepsin), and bromodomain proteins (e.g. JQ1) decreased cell viability, triggered apoptosis, and growth arrest. Additionally, these epigenetic drugs induced differentiation and led to loss of pluripotency and re‐sensitization towards cisplatin in cell lines and animal models.
Discussion
Epigenetic treatments hold promise to (i) reduce the treatment burden of and (ii) overcome resistance to standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Combined approaches may enhance activity, while the ideal target and treatment combination of epigenetic drugs, either with another epigenetic agent or conventional cytotoxic agents need to be defined.
Conclusion
Epigenetic (combination) treatment for germ cell tumors should be further explored in pre‐clinical and clinical research for its potential to further improve germ cell tumor treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2047-2919</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2047-2927</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/andr.12611</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30924611</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Chemotherapy ; cisplatin resistance ; combination therapy ; DNMT inhibition ; Epigenetics ; germ cell tumours ; HDAC inhibition ; Treatment resistance ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Andrology (Oxford), 2019-07, Vol.7 (4), p.487-497</ispartof><rights>2019 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology</rights><rights>2019 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.</rights><rights>Andrology © 2019 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3931-e060eee7fbb5d26458b1bdfd95b81896278f4ee4ac28cd0e4dadf69f630310b13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3931-e060eee7fbb5d26458b1bdfd95b81896278f4ee4ac28cd0e4dadf69f630310b13</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5578-3418 ; 0000-0003-2152-384X ; 0000-0002-4483-845X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fandr.12611$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fandr.12611$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30924611$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oing, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skowron, M. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bokemeyer, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nettersheim, D.</creatorcontrib><title>Epigenetic treatment combinations to effectively target cisplatin‐resistant germ cell tumors: past, present, and future considerations</title><title>Andrology (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Andrology</addtitle><description>Background
Type II germ cell tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15–45 years. Despite high cure rates of >90% over all stages, 10–15% of advanced patients develop treatment resistance and potentially succumb to their disease. Treatment of refractory germ cell tumors remains unsatisfactory, and new approaches are needed to further improve outcomes.
Objectives
With this narrative review, we highlight epigenetic mechanisms related to resistance to standard systemic treatment, which may act as promising targets for novel combined epigenetic treatment approaches.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted to identify original and review articles on resistance mechanisms and/or epigenetic treatment of germ cell tumors in vitro and in vivo. Review articles were hand‐searched to identify additional articles.
Results
Distinct epigenetic phenomena have been linked to chemotherapy resistance in germ cell tumors, among which DNA hypermethylation, histone acetylation, and bromodomain proteins appear as promising targets for therapeutic exploitation. Inhibitors of key regulators, for example DNA methyltransferases (e.g. decitabine, guadecitabine), histone deacetylases (e.g. romidepsin), and bromodomain proteins (e.g. JQ1) decreased cell viability, triggered apoptosis, and growth arrest. Additionally, these epigenetic drugs induced differentiation and led to loss of pluripotency and re‐sensitization towards cisplatin in cell lines and animal models.
Discussion
Epigenetic treatments hold promise to (i) reduce the treatment burden of and (ii) overcome resistance to standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Combined approaches may enhance activity, while the ideal target and treatment combination of epigenetic drugs, either with another epigenetic agent or conventional cytotoxic agents need to be defined.
Conclusion
Epigenetic (combination) treatment for germ cell tumors should be further explored in pre‐clinical and clinical research for its potential to further improve germ cell tumor treatment.</description><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>cisplatin resistance</subject><subject>combination therapy</subject><subject>DNMT inhibition</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>germ cell tumours</subject><subject>HDAC inhibition</subject><subject>Treatment resistance</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>2047-2919</issn><issn>2047-2927</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc9KxDAQxoMouuhefAAJeBHZXZO026belvUvLAqi55I2kyXSpjVJlb159Ogz-iRmrXrw4DAwc_jNNx98CO1TMqGhToSRdkJZQukGGjASp2OWsXTzd6fZDho690hC8XWzbbQTkYzF4WSA3s5bvQQDXpfYWxC-BuNx2dSFNsLrxjjsGwxKQen1M1Qr7IVdQkC0a6tAmI_XdwtOOy_C4RJsjUuoKuy7urHuFLfC-RFuAxKERzjYxarznYXwxDgtwfZv9tCWEpWD4ffcRQ8X5_fzq_Hi9vJ6PluMyyiL6BhIQgAgVUUxlSyJp7yghVQymxac8ixhKVcxQCxKxktJIJZCqiRTSUQiSgoa7aKjXre1zVMHzue1dmvHwkDTuZwxQtI0IVkS0MM_6GPTWRPcBWrKCU9pygN13FOlbZyzoPLW6lrYVU5Jvo4oX0eUf0UU4INvya6oQf6iP4EEgPbAi65g9Y9UPrs5u-tFPwHtW5-Y</recordid><startdate>201907</startdate><enddate>201907</enddate><creator>Oing, C.</creator><creator>Skowron, M. A.</creator><creator>Bokemeyer, C.</creator><creator>Nettersheim, D.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3418</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-384X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-845X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201907</creationdate><title>Epigenetic treatment combinations to effectively target cisplatin‐resistant germ cell tumors: past, present, and future considerations</title><author>Oing, C. ; Skowron, M. A. ; Bokemeyer, C. ; Nettersheim, D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3931-e060eee7fbb5d26458b1bdfd95b81896278f4ee4ac28cd0e4dadf69f630310b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>cisplatin resistance</topic><topic>combination therapy</topic><topic>DNMT inhibition</topic><topic>Epigenetics</topic><topic>germ cell tumours</topic><topic>HDAC inhibition</topic><topic>Treatment resistance</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oing, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skowron, M. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bokemeyer, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nettersheim, D.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Andrology (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oing, C.</au><au>Skowron, M. A.</au><au>Bokemeyer, C.</au><au>Nettersheim, D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epigenetic treatment combinations to effectively target cisplatin‐resistant germ cell tumors: past, present, and future considerations</atitle><jtitle>Andrology (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Andrology</addtitle><date>2019-07</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>487</spage><epage>497</epage><pages>487-497</pages><issn>2047-2919</issn><eissn>2047-2927</eissn><abstract>Background
Type II germ cell tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15–45 years. Despite high cure rates of >90% over all stages, 10–15% of advanced patients develop treatment resistance and potentially succumb to their disease. Treatment of refractory germ cell tumors remains unsatisfactory, and new approaches are needed to further improve outcomes.
Objectives
With this narrative review, we highlight epigenetic mechanisms related to resistance to standard systemic treatment, which may act as promising targets for novel combined epigenetic treatment approaches.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted to identify original and review articles on resistance mechanisms and/or epigenetic treatment of germ cell tumors in vitro and in vivo. Review articles were hand‐searched to identify additional articles.
Results
Distinct epigenetic phenomena have been linked to chemotherapy resistance in germ cell tumors, among which DNA hypermethylation, histone acetylation, and bromodomain proteins appear as promising targets for therapeutic exploitation. Inhibitors of key regulators, for example DNA methyltransferases (e.g. decitabine, guadecitabine), histone deacetylases (e.g. romidepsin), and bromodomain proteins (e.g. JQ1) decreased cell viability, triggered apoptosis, and growth arrest. Additionally, these epigenetic drugs induced differentiation and led to loss of pluripotency and re‐sensitization towards cisplatin in cell lines and animal models.
Discussion
Epigenetic treatments hold promise to (i) reduce the treatment burden of and (ii) overcome resistance to standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Combined approaches may enhance activity, while the ideal target and treatment combination of epigenetic drugs, either with another epigenetic agent or conventional cytotoxic agents need to be defined.
Conclusion
Epigenetic (combination) treatment for germ cell tumors should be further explored in pre‐clinical and clinical research for its potential to further improve germ cell tumor treatment.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>30924611</pmid><doi>10.1111/andr.12611</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3418</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-384X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-845X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Chemotherapy cisplatin resistance combination therapy DNMT inhibition Epigenetics germ cell tumours HDAC inhibition Treatment resistance Tumors |
| title | Epigenetic treatment combinations to effectively target cisplatin‐resistant germ cell tumors: past, present, and future considerations |
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