Eighteen-year alcohol consumption trajectories and their association with risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors: the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Aims/hypothesis Alcohol consumption levels frequently fluctuate over the life course, but studies examining the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and type 2 diabetes are limited. This study aims to investigate the association of alcohol consumption trajectories with the risk of ty...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetologia 2019-06, Vol.62 (6), p.970-980 |
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| creator | Han, Tianshu Zhang, Shuang Duan, Wei Ren, Xinhui Wei, Chunbo Sun, Changhao Li, Ying |
| description | Aims/hypothesis
Alcohol consumption levels frequently fluctuate over the life course, but studies examining the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and type 2 diabetes are limited. This study aims to investigate the association of alcohol consumption trajectories with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Methods
Weighted longitudinal data were obtained for 12,186 adults who completed a questionnaire about alcohol consumption and diabetes status as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1993–2011). Participants were designated into subgroups based on alcohol consumption trajectory, and subgroup analyses included 5436 individuals who were tested for specified diabetes-related factors. Light alcohol consumption was defined as fewer than seven standard drinks per week; moderate as 7–21 drinks per week; and heavy as more than 21 drinks per week. Latent class trajectory modelling was used to identify different alcohol consumption trajectories by sex. Multivariate Cox regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess association of trajectories with type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Results
Compared with stable abstainers (individuals who never drank alcohol), two trajectories in men showing reduction to moderate or light levels after heavy alcohol consumption during early adulthood were significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.66 [95% CI 1.18, 2.33]; HR 1.93 [95% CI 1.01, 3.70]), while no significant association between trajectories and risk of type 2 diabetes was observed in women (
p
for trend
= 0.404). Triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in these two trajectories than other trajectories in men (all
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00125-019-4851-z |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2200767072</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2198879976</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-405f46f74c029649d1fa3b73539483718b1d65e12c161231126274cfb54c7a1b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc1u1DAURi1ERYfCA7BBltiwMfW1nT92aFQoUtUuAImd5Tg3jYdMPNhO0fRpeFSczgASEisv7vnOte5HyAvgb4Dz6jxyDqJgHBqm6gLY_SOyAiUF40rUj8lqGTOoy6-n5GmMG865LFT5hJxK3ghZy2ZFfl642yEhTmyPJlAzWj_4kVo_xXm7S85PNAWzQZt8cBipmTqaBnQZjdFbZx6QHy4NNLj4jfqepv0OqaCdMy2mY8SlSAOOJmFHe7PI4tvFQ9eDmwy9RDNmw0Jezym4B-mnOdzh_hk56c0Y8fnxPSNf3l98Xl-yq5sPH9fvrphVUCSmeNGrsq-U5aIpVdNBb2RbyUI2qpYV1C10ZYEgLJQgJIAoRYb7tlC2MtDKM_L64N0F_33GmPTWRYvjaCb0c9RC5IuXFa9ERl_9g278HKb8Oy2gqeuqaaoyU3CgbPAxBuz1LritCXsNXC_16UN9Otenl_r0fc68PJrndovdn8TvvjIgDkDMo-kWw9_V_7f-AkyQpvE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2198879976</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Eighteen-year alcohol consumption trajectories and their association with risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors: the China Health and Nutrition Survey</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Han, Tianshu ; Zhang, Shuang ; Duan, Wei ; Ren, Xinhui ; Wei, Chunbo ; Sun, Changhao ; Li, Ying</creator><creatorcontrib>Han, Tianshu ; Zhang, Shuang ; Duan, Wei ; Ren, Xinhui ; Wei, Chunbo ; Sun, Changhao ; Li, Ying</creatorcontrib><description>Aims/hypothesis
Alcohol consumption levels frequently fluctuate over the life course, but studies examining the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and type 2 diabetes are limited. This study aims to investigate the association of alcohol consumption trajectories with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Methods
Weighted longitudinal data were obtained for 12,186 adults who completed a questionnaire about alcohol consumption and diabetes status as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1993–2011). Participants were designated into subgroups based on alcohol consumption trajectory, and subgroup analyses included 5436 individuals who were tested for specified diabetes-related factors. Light alcohol consumption was defined as fewer than seven standard drinks per week; moderate as 7–21 drinks per week; and heavy as more than 21 drinks per week. Latent class trajectory modelling was used to identify different alcohol consumption trajectories by sex. Multivariate Cox regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess association of trajectories with type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Results
Compared with stable abstainers (individuals who never drank alcohol), two trajectories in men showing reduction to moderate or light levels after heavy alcohol consumption during early adulthood were significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.66 [95% CI 1.18, 2.33]; HR 1.93 [95% CI 1.01, 3.70]), while no significant association between trajectories and risk of type 2 diabetes was observed in women (
p
for trend
= 0.404). Triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in these two trajectories than other trajectories in men (all
p
< 0.05), while only HDL-C showed significant increasing trends in women. Trajectories showing light–stable, or increase to moderate, levels were not associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions
This study indicated that heavy alcohol consumption in early adulthood is significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and higher levels of its biomarkers throughout adulthood in men. Gradually reducing alcohol consumption to moderate levels may not make a difference, which demonstrates the importance of alcohol intervention strategies in early adulthood. Although association between alcohol consumption and increased HDL-C levels has been observed, the results of this study did not support the hypothesis regarding the protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on risk of type 2 diabetes in the Asian population.
Data availability
Data from China Health and Nutrition Survey was used in this study, which can be downloaded at
www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-186X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0428</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4851-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30923839</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects ; Alcohol Drinking - blood ; Alcohol use ; Alcoholic beverages ; C-reactive protein ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; China ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology ; Female ; High density lipoprotein ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Internal Medicine ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nutrition ; Nutrition Surveys ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Regression analysis ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides - blood ; Uric acid</subject><ispartof>Diabetologia, 2019-06, Vol.62 (6), p.970-980</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Diabetologia is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-405f46f74c029649d1fa3b73539483718b1d65e12c161231126274cfb54c7a1b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-405f46f74c029649d1fa3b73539483718b1d65e12c161231126274cfb54c7a1b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-019-4851-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-019-4851-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30923839$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Han, Tianshu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Xinhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Chunbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Changhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Ying</creatorcontrib><title>Eighteen-year alcohol consumption trajectories and their association with risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors: the China Health and Nutrition Survey</title><title>Diabetologia</title><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><description>Aims/hypothesis
Alcohol consumption levels frequently fluctuate over the life course, but studies examining the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and type 2 diabetes are limited. This study aims to investigate the association of alcohol consumption trajectories with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Methods
Weighted longitudinal data were obtained for 12,186 adults who completed a questionnaire about alcohol consumption and diabetes status as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1993–2011). Participants were designated into subgroups based on alcohol consumption trajectory, and subgroup analyses included 5436 individuals who were tested for specified diabetes-related factors. Light alcohol consumption was defined as fewer than seven standard drinks per week; moderate as 7–21 drinks per week; and heavy as more than 21 drinks per week. Latent class trajectory modelling was used to identify different alcohol consumption trajectories by sex. Multivariate Cox regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess association of trajectories with type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Results
Compared with stable abstainers (individuals who never drank alcohol), two trajectories in men showing reduction to moderate or light levels after heavy alcohol consumption during early adulthood were significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.66 [95% CI 1.18, 2.33]; HR 1.93 [95% CI 1.01, 3.70]), while no significant association between trajectories and risk of type 2 diabetes was observed in women (
p
for trend
= 0.404). Triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in these two trajectories than other trajectories in men (all
p
< 0.05), while only HDL-C showed significant increasing trends in women. Trajectories showing light–stable, or increase to moderate, levels were not associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions
This study indicated that heavy alcohol consumption in early adulthood is significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and higher levels of its biomarkers throughout adulthood in men. Gradually reducing alcohol consumption to moderate levels may not make a difference, which demonstrates the importance of alcohol intervention strategies in early adulthood. Although association between alcohol consumption and increased HDL-C levels has been observed, the results of this study did not support the hypothesis regarding the protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on risk of type 2 diabetes in the Asian population.
Data availability
Data from China Health and Nutrition Survey was used in this study, which can be downloaded at
www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china
.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - blood</subject><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>Alcoholic beverages</subject><subject>C-reactive protein</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><subject>Uric acid</subject><issn>0012-186X</issn><issn>1432-0428</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1u1DAURi1ERYfCA7BBltiwMfW1nT92aFQoUtUuAImd5Tg3jYdMPNhO0fRpeFSczgASEisv7vnOte5HyAvgb4Dz6jxyDqJgHBqm6gLY_SOyAiUF40rUj8lqGTOoy6-n5GmMG865LFT5hJxK3ghZy2ZFfl642yEhTmyPJlAzWj_4kVo_xXm7S85PNAWzQZt8cBipmTqaBnQZjdFbZx6QHy4NNLj4jfqepv0OqaCdMy2mY8SlSAOOJmFHe7PI4tvFQ9eDmwy9RDNmw0Jezym4B-mnOdzh_hk56c0Y8fnxPSNf3l98Xl-yq5sPH9fvrphVUCSmeNGrsq-U5aIpVdNBb2RbyUI2qpYV1C10ZYEgLJQgJIAoRYb7tlC2MtDKM_L64N0F_33GmPTWRYvjaCb0c9RC5IuXFa9ERl_9g278HKb8Oy2gqeuqaaoyU3CgbPAxBuz1LritCXsNXC_16UN9Otenl_r0fc68PJrndovdn8TvvjIgDkDMo-kWw9_V_7f-AkyQpvE</recordid><startdate>20190601</startdate><enddate>20190601</enddate><creator>Han, Tianshu</creator><creator>Zhang, Shuang</creator><creator>Duan, Wei</creator><creator>Ren, Xinhui</creator><creator>Wei, Chunbo</creator><creator>Sun, Changhao</creator><creator>Li, Ying</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190601</creationdate><title>Eighteen-year alcohol consumption trajectories and their association with risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors: the China Health and Nutrition Survey</title><author>Han, Tianshu ; Zhang, Shuang ; Duan, Wei ; Ren, Xinhui ; Wei, Chunbo ; Sun, Changhao ; Li, Ying</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-405f46f74c029649d1fa3b73539483718b1d65e12c161231126274cfb54c7a1b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - blood</topic><topic>Alcohol use</topic><topic>Alcoholic beverages</topic><topic>C-reactive protein</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>High density lipoprotein</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutrition Surveys</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><topic>Uric acid</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Han, Tianshu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Xinhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Chunbo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Changhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Ying</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Han, Tianshu</au><au>Zhang, Shuang</au><au>Duan, Wei</au><au>Ren, Xinhui</au><au>Wei, Chunbo</au><au>Sun, Changhao</au><au>Li, Ying</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Eighteen-year alcohol consumption trajectories and their association with risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors: the China Health and Nutrition Survey</atitle><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle><stitle>Diabetologia</stitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><date>2019-06-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>970</spage><epage>980</epage><pages>970-980</pages><issn>0012-186X</issn><eissn>1432-0428</eissn><abstract>Aims/hypothesis
Alcohol consumption levels frequently fluctuate over the life course, but studies examining the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and type 2 diabetes are limited. This study aims to investigate the association of alcohol consumption trajectories with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Methods
Weighted longitudinal data were obtained for 12,186 adults who completed a questionnaire about alcohol consumption and diabetes status as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1993–2011). Participants were designated into subgroups based on alcohol consumption trajectory, and subgroup analyses included 5436 individuals who were tested for specified diabetes-related factors. Light alcohol consumption was defined as fewer than seven standard drinks per week; moderate as 7–21 drinks per week; and heavy as more than 21 drinks per week. Latent class trajectory modelling was used to identify different alcohol consumption trajectories by sex. Multivariate Cox regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess association of trajectories with type 2 diabetes and its related factors.
Results
Compared with stable abstainers (individuals who never drank alcohol), two trajectories in men showing reduction to moderate or light levels after heavy alcohol consumption during early adulthood were significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 1.66 [95% CI 1.18, 2.33]; HR 1.93 [95% CI 1.01, 3.70]), while no significant association between trajectories and risk of type 2 diabetes was observed in women (
p
for trend
= 0.404). Triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in these two trajectories than other trajectories in men (all
p
< 0.05), while only HDL-C showed significant increasing trends in women. Trajectories showing light–stable, or increase to moderate, levels were not associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions
This study indicated that heavy alcohol consumption in early adulthood is significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and higher levels of its biomarkers throughout adulthood in men. Gradually reducing alcohol consumption to moderate levels may not make a difference, which demonstrates the importance of alcohol intervention strategies in early adulthood. Although association between alcohol consumption and increased HDL-C levels has been observed, the results of this study did not support the hypothesis regarding the protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on risk of type 2 diabetes in the Asian population.
Data availability
Data from China Health and Nutrition Survey was used in this study, which can be downloaded at
www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china
.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>30923839</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00125-019-4851-z</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0012-186X |
| ispartof | Diabetologia, 2019-06, Vol.62 (6), p.970-980 |
| issn | 0012-186X 1432-0428 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Adult Aged Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects Alcohol Drinking - blood Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages C-reactive protein C-Reactive Protein - metabolism China Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL - blood Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology Female High density lipoprotein Human Physiology Humans Hypotheses Internal Medicine Longitudinal Studies Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Nutrition Nutrition Surveys Proportional Hazards Models Regression analysis Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Triglycerides - blood Uric acid |
| title | Eighteen-year alcohol consumption trajectories and their association with risk of type 2 diabetes and its related factors: the China Health and Nutrition Survey |
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