Americans’ Health Mindsets: Content, Cultural Patterning, and Associations With Physical and Mental Health
Abstract Background Health mindsets are mental frameworks that help people recognize, organize, interpret, and respond to health-relevant information. Although mindsets shape health behaviors and outcomes, no study has examined the health mindsets of ethnically and socioeconomically diverse American...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of behavioral medicine 2019-03, Vol.53 (4), p.321-332 |
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| container_title | Annals of behavioral medicine |
| container_volume | 53 |
| creator | Conner, Alana L Boles, Danielle Z Markus, Hazel Rose Eberhardt, Jennifer L Crum, Alia J |
| description | Abstract
Background
Health mindsets are mental frameworks that help people recognize, organize, interpret, and respond to health-relevant information. Although mindsets shape health behaviors and outcomes, no study has examined the health mindsets of ethnically and socioeconomically diverse Americans.
Purpose
We explored the content, cultural patterning, and health correlates of diverse Americans’ health mindsets.
Methods
Two studies surveyed approximately equal numbers of African American, Asian American, European American, and Latinx American men and women of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES). Study 1 (N = 334) used open-ended questions to elicit participants’ mindsets about the definitions, causes, and benefits of health. Study 2 (N = 320) used Study 1’s results to develop a closed-ended instrument.
Results
In Study 1, open-ended questioning revealed six overarching mindset themes: behavioral, medical, physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. The most prevalent mindsets were psychological definitions, behavioral causes, and psychological benefits. Participants mentioned more cause themes than definition or benefit themes, and mindset theme mentions correlated with worse health. Older participants mentioned more themes than younger, women mentioned more definition themes than men, and low-SES participants mentioned more cause themes than high-SES participants. In Study 2, closed-ended scales uncovered more complex and positive health mindsets. Psychological and spiritual benefit mindsets correlated with good mental health. African Americans and women endorsed the widest array of mindsets, and the spiritual benefit mindset partially explained the superior mental health of African Americans.
Conclusions
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support health.
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support mental and physical health. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/abm/kay041 |
| format | Article |
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Background
Health mindsets are mental frameworks that help people recognize, organize, interpret, and respond to health-relevant information. Although mindsets shape health behaviors and outcomes, no study has examined the health mindsets of ethnically and socioeconomically diverse Americans.
Purpose
We explored the content, cultural patterning, and health correlates of diverse Americans’ health mindsets.
Methods
Two studies surveyed approximately equal numbers of African American, Asian American, European American, and Latinx American men and women of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES). Study 1 (N = 334) used open-ended questions to elicit participants’ mindsets about the definitions, causes, and benefits of health. Study 2 (N = 320) used Study 1’s results to develop a closed-ended instrument.
Results
In Study 1, open-ended questioning revealed six overarching mindset themes: behavioral, medical, physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. The most prevalent mindsets were psychological definitions, behavioral causes, and psychological benefits. Participants mentioned more cause themes than definition or benefit themes, and mindset theme mentions correlated with worse health. Older participants mentioned more themes than younger, women mentioned more definition themes than men, and low-SES participants mentioned more cause themes than high-SES participants. In Study 2, closed-ended scales uncovered more complex and positive health mindsets. Psychological and spiritual benefit mindsets correlated with good mental health. African Americans and women endorsed the widest array of mindsets, and the spiritual benefit mindset partially explained the superior mental health of African Americans.
Conclusions
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support health.
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support mental and physical health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0883-6612</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-4796</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay041</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30892642</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Attitude to Health ; Culture ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Status ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States</subject><ispartof>Annals of behavioral medicine, 2019-03, Vol.53 (4), p.321-332</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. 2018</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-3257840940ca505a49f9cca7c8a7f660e0dc50532c209e7fe82d6cf31114e5e93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-3257840940ca505a49f9cca7c8a7f660e0dc50532c209e7fe82d6cf31114e5e93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4110-7643</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30892642$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Conner, Alana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boles, Danielle Z</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markus, Hazel Rose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eberhardt, Jennifer L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crum, Alia J</creatorcontrib><title>Americans’ Health Mindsets: Content, Cultural Patterning, and Associations With Physical and Mental Health</title><title>Annals of behavioral medicine</title><addtitle>Ann Behav Med</addtitle><description>Abstract
Background
Health mindsets are mental frameworks that help people recognize, organize, interpret, and respond to health-relevant information. Although mindsets shape health behaviors and outcomes, no study has examined the health mindsets of ethnically and socioeconomically diverse Americans.
Purpose
We explored the content, cultural patterning, and health correlates of diverse Americans’ health mindsets.
Methods
Two studies surveyed approximately equal numbers of African American, Asian American, European American, and Latinx American men and women of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES). Study 1 (N = 334) used open-ended questions to elicit participants’ mindsets about the definitions, causes, and benefits of health. Study 2 (N = 320) used Study 1’s results to develop a closed-ended instrument.
Results
In Study 1, open-ended questioning revealed six overarching mindset themes: behavioral, medical, physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. The most prevalent mindsets were psychological definitions, behavioral causes, and psychological benefits. Participants mentioned more cause themes than definition or benefit themes, and mindset theme mentions correlated with worse health. Older participants mentioned more themes than younger, women mentioned more definition themes than men, and low-SES participants mentioned more cause themes than high-SES participants. In Study 2, closed-ended scales uncovered more complex and positive health mindsets. Psychological and spiritual benefit mindsets correlated with good mental health. African Americans and women endorsed the widest array of mindsets, and the spiritual benefit mindset partially explained the superior mental health of African Americans.
Conclusions
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support health.
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support mental and physical health.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Attitude to Health</subject><subject>Culture</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Behavior</subject><subject>Health Status</subject><subject>Health Status Disparities</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>United States</subject><issn>0883-6612</issn><issn>1532-4796</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kLtOwzAUQC0EoqWw8AEoCxJCDfUrTsxWRUCRWtEBxBi5jkMNiVNsZ-jGb_B7fAmGACPTta7PPcMB4BjBCwQ5mYhVM3kRW0jRDhiihOCYppztgiHMMhIzhvAAHDj3DCEkFLF9MCAw45hRPAT1tFFWS2Hcx9t7NFOi9utooU3plHeXUd4ar4wfR3lX-86KOloK75U12jyNI2HKaOpcK7XwujUuetTherneumCsv78X4To8e_Eh2KtE7dTRzxyBh-ur-3wWz-9ubvPpPJYkIT4mOEkzCjmFUiQwEZRXXEqRykykFWNQwVKGPcESQ67SSmW4ZLIiCCGqEsXJCJz13o1tXzvlfNFoJ1VdC6PazhUYcZqEAjQJ6HmPSts6Z1VVbKxuhN0WCBZfdYtQt-jrBvjkx9utGlX-ob85A3DaA223-U_0Cexpg6Y</recordid><startdate>20190320</startdate><enddate>20190320</enddate><creator>Conner, Alana L</creator><creator>Boles, Danielle Z</creator><creator>Markus, Hazel Rose</creator><creator>Eberhardt, Jennifer L</creator><creator>Crum, Alia J</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-7643</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190320</creationdate><title>Americans’ Health Mindsets: Content, Cultural Patterning, and Associations With Physical and Mental Health</title><author>Conner, Alana L ; Boles, Danielle Z ; Markus, Hazel Rose ; Eberhardt, Jennifer L ; Crum, Alia J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-3257840940ca505a49f9cca7c8a7f660e0dc50532c209e7fe82d6cf31114e5e93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Attitude to Health</topic><topic>Culture</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Behavior</topic><topic>Health Status</topic><topic>Health Status Disparities</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>United States</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Conner, Alana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boles, Danielle Z</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markus, Hazel Rose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eberhardt, Jennifer L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crum, Alia J</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annals of behavioral medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Conner, Alana L</au><au>Boles, Danielle Z</au><au>Markus, Hazel Rose</au><au>Eberhardt, Jennifer L</au><au>Crum, Alia J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Americans’ Health Mindsets: Content, Cultural Patterning, and Associations With Physical and Mental Health</atitle><jtitle>Annals of behavioral medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Behav Med</addtitle><date>2019-03-20</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>321</spage><epage>332</epage><pages>321-332</pages><issn>0883-6612</issn><eissn>1532-4796</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Background
Health mindsets are mental frameworks that help people recognize, organize, interpret, and respond to health-relevant information. Although mindsets shape health behaviors and outcomes, no study has examined the health mindsets of ethnically and socioeconomically diverse Americans.
Purpose
We explored the content, cultural patterning, and health correlates of diverse Americans’ health mindsets.
Methods
Two studies surveyed approximately equal numbers of African American, Asian American, European American, and Latinx American men and women of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES). Study 1 (N = 334) used open-ended questions to elicit participants’ mindsets about the definitions, causes, and benefits of health. Study 2 (N = 320) used Study 1’s results to develop a closed-ended instrument.
Results
In Study 1, open-ended questioning revealed six overarching mindset themes: behavioral, medical, physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. The most prevalent mindsets were psychological definitions, behavioral causes, and psychological benefits. Participants mentioned more cause themes than definition or benefit themes, and mindset theme mentions correlated with worse health. Older participants mentioned more themes than younger, women mentioned more definition themes than men, and low-SES participants mentioned more cause themes than high-SES participants. In Study 2, closed-ended scales uncovered more complex and positive health mindsets. Psychological and spiritual benefit mindsets correlated with good mental health. African Americans and women endorsed the widest array of mindsets, and the spiritual benefit mindset partially explained the superior mental health of African Americans.
Conclusions
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support health.
Many Americans hold simplistic, illness-focused health mindsets. Cultivating more complex, benefit-focused, and culturally appropriate health mindsets could support mental and physical health.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>30892642</pmid><doi>10.1093/abm/kay041</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-7643</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Annals of behavioral medicine, 2019-03, Vol.53 (4), p.321-332 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current) |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Attitude to Health Culture Female Health Behavior Health Status Health Status Disparities Humans Male Mental Health Middle Aged Social Class Socioeconomic Factors United States |
| title | Americans’ Health Mindsets: Content, Cultural Patterning, and Associations With Physical and Mental Health |
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