Detection, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolates collected from infected Jordanian residents and Syrian refugees who suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania is a parasitic protozoan which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sand flies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by Leishmania major and L. tropica , is an endemic disease in many areas of Jordan and considered as a major public hea...
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| description | Leishmania
is a parasitic protozoan which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female
Phlebotomus
and
Lutzomyia
sand flies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by
Leishmania major
and
L. tropica
, is an endemic disease in many areas of Jordan and considered as a major public health problem. The political instability in the Syrian Arab Republic has resulted in the immigration of large number of refugees into Jordan where most of them resided in camps near the Syrian borders. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to inspect
Leishmania
species/genotypes which are responsible for CL infections among Syrian refugees and compare them with the recovered species/genotypes isolated from Jordanian patients. Three molecular-based assays (ITS1-PCR-RFLP, Nested ITS1-5.8S rDNA PCR, and Kinetoplast DNA PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were undertaken and compared for their efficiency to confirm CL diagnosis and genotype the infecting
Leishmania
species. Thereafter, the evolutionary relationships among various
Leishmania
isolates from Syrian and Jordanian CL patients were elucidated. Results from the present study indicated that 20 and 9 out of the inspected 66 patients (39 Jordanian and 27 Syrian) were infected with
L. major
and
L. tropica
respectively. ITS1-PCR RFLP typing proved to be more sensitive in the detection of
Leishmania
species (positive in 44% of the isolates) compared to both ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene and Kinetoplast DNA PCR which were successful in identifying
Leishmania
species only in 23% and 33% of the isolates respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 and ITS1-5.8S rDNA genes revealed high levels of heterogeneity among the sequenced isolates. One sample typed as
L. tropica
from Jordanian patient showed high similarity with
L. tropica
sample isolated from a Syrian patient in a Lebanon refugee camp; therefore, the need for comprehensive studies to confirm if any new
L. tropica
strains might be introduced to Jordan by Syrian refugees is urgently indicated. These observations highlighted the need for further studies to clarify the risk status of species and strains which might be introduced from Syria to Jordan. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00436-019-06222-z |
| format | Article |
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is a parasitic protozoan which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female
Phlebotomus
and
Lutzomyia
sand flies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by
Leishmania major
and
L. tropica
, is an endemic disease in many areas of Jordan and considered as a major public health problem. The political instability in the Syrian Arab Republic has resulted in the immigration of large number of refugees into Jordan where most of them resided in camps near the Syrian borders. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to inspect
Leishmania
species/genotypes which are responsible for CL infections among Syrian refugees and compare them with the recovered species/genotypes isolated from Jordanian patients. Three molecular-based assays (ITS1-PCR-RFLP, Nested ITS1-5.8S rDNA PCR, and Kinetoplast DNA PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were undertaken and compared for their efficiency to confirm CL diagnosis and genotype the infecting
Leishmania
species. Thereafter, the evolutionary relationships among various
Leishmania
isolates from Syrian and Jordanian CL patients were elucidated. Results from the present study indicated that 20 and 9 out of the inspected 66 patients (39 Jordanian and 27 Syrian) were infected with
L. major
and
L. tropica
respectively. ITS1-PCR RFLP typing proved to be more sensitive in the detection of
Leishmania
species (positive in 44% of the isolates) compared to both ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene and Kinetoplast DNA PCR which were successful in identifying
Leishmania
species only in 23% and 33% of the isolates respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 and ITS1-5.8S rDNA genes revealed high levels of heterogeneity among the sequenced isolates. One sample typed as
L. tropica
from Jordanian patient showed high similarity with
L. tropica
sample isolated from a Syrian patient in a Lebanon refugee camp; therefore, the need for comprehensive studies to confirm if any new
L. tropica
strains might be introduced to Jordan by Syrian refugees is urgently indicated. These observations highlighted the need for further studies to clarify the risk status of species and strains which might be introduced from Syria to Jordan.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0932-0113</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1955</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06222-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30729301</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Animals ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Causes of ; Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Demographic aspects ; DNA ; DNA sequencing ; DNA, Kinetoplast - chemistry ; DNA, Kinetoplast - genetics ; DNA, Protozoan - chemistry ; DNA, Protozoan - genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; EDTA ; Emigration and immigration ; Evolution ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Genetics ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Genotyping ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Identification and classification ; Immigration ; Immunology ; Infection ; Jordan ; Jordanians ; Lebanese foreign relations ; Leishmania ; Leishmania major - genetics ; Leishmania major - isolation & purification ; Leishmania tropica - genetics ; Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification ; Leishmaniasis ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology ; Medical Microbiology ; Microbiology ; Parasitic diseases ; Patients ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeny - Original Paper ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Protozoa ; Psychodidae - parasitology ; Public health ; Refugee camps ; Refugees ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Species ; Strains (organisms) ; Syria ; Syrian foreign relations ; Syrian refugees ; Varieties</subject><ispartof>Parasitology research (1987), 2019-03, Vol.118 (3), p.793-805</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Springer</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-ae9f52bf00a63f6d25f92d0dec15c482dc3f00b0232c76d5bb4315ae5f6456083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-ae9f52bf00a63f6d25f92d0dec15c482dc3f00b0232c76d5bb4315ae5f6456083</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1324-9855</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00436-019-06222-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-019-06222-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30729301$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hijawi, Kamal J. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hijjawi, Nawal S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibbini, Jwan H.</creatorcontrib><title>Detection, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolates collected from infected Jordanian residents and Syrian refugees who suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis</title><title>Parasitology research (1987)</title><addtitle>Parasitol Res</addtitle><addtitle>Parasitol Res</addtitle><description>Leishmania
is a parasitic protozoan which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female
Phlebotomus
and
Lutzomyia
sand flies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by
Leishmania major
and
L. tropica
, is an endemic disease in many areas of Jordan and considered as a major public health problem. The political instability in the Syrian Arab Republic has resulted in the immigration of large number of refugees into Jordan where most of them resided in camps near the Syrian borders. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to inspect
Leishmania
species/genotypes which are responsible for CL infections among Syrian refugees and compare them with the recovered species/genotypes isolated from Jordanian patients. Three molecular-based assays (ITS1-PCR-RFLP, Nested ITS1-5.8S rDNA PCR, and Kinetoplast DNA PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were undertaken and compared for their efficiency to confirm CL diagnosis and genotype the infecting
Leishmania
species. Thereafter, the evolutionary relationships among various
Leishmania
isolates from Syrian and Jordanian CL patients were elucidated. Results from the present study indicated that 20 and 9 out of the inspected 66 patients (39 Jordanian and 27 Syrian) were infected with
L. major
and
L. tropica
respectively. ITS1-PCR RFLP typing proved to be more sensitive in the detection of
Leishmania
species (positive in 44% of the isolates) compared to both ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene and Kinetoplast DNA PCR which were successful in identifying
Leishmania
species only in 23% and 33% of the isolates respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 and ITS1-5.8S rDNA genes revealed high levels of heterogeneity among the sequenced isolates. One sample typed as
L. tropica
from Jordanian patient showed high similarity with
L. tropica
sample isolated from a Syrian patient in a Lebanon refugee camp; therefore, the need for comprehensive studies to confirm if any new
L. tropica
strains might be introduced to Jordan by Syrian refugees is urgently indicated. These observations highlighted the need for further studies to clarify the risk status of species and strains which might be introduced from Syria to Jordan.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Causes of</subject><subject>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA sequencing</subject><subject>DNA, Kinetoplast - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Kinetoplast - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>EDTA</subject><subject>Emigration and immigration</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Genotyping</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Immigration</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Jordan</subject><subject>Jordanians</subject><subject>Lebanese foreign relations</subject><subject>Leishmania</subject><subject>Leishmania major - genetics</subject><subject>Leishmania major - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmania tropica - genetics</subject><subject>Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology</subject><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Phylogeny - Original Paper</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Psychodidae - parasitology</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Refugee camps</subject><subject>Refugees</subject><subject>Restriction fragment length polymorphism</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Strains (organisms)</subject><subject>Syria</subject><subject>Syrian foreign relations</subject><subject>Syrian refugees</subject><subject>Varieties</subject><issn>0932-0113</issn><issn>1432-1955</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9Ustu1DAUtRCIDgM_wAJZYsOiKX4mk2VV3hqJBbC2HPs64yqxBzsRSv-KP8RtpkVigbywfXzOuUfXF6GXlFxQQpq3mRDB64rQtiI1Y6y6eYQ2VHBW0VbKx2hD2nImlPIz9Czna0JoUwvxFJ1x0rCWE7pBv9_BBGbyMZzjHkKclqMP_TnWweLjYRliAWHypgB6WLLPODq8B58Pow5eY5_joCfI2MRhKEZgsUtxxD649fYlJnvLDDhB9hbClO_Mvy1pBd3cQ9H_OkScZ-cg3VuYedIB4pzx8FCvBHiOnjg9ZHhx2rfox4f3368-VfuvHz9fXe4rI6iYKg2tk6xzhOiau9oy6VpmiQVDpRE7Zg0vbx1hnJmmtrLrBKdSg3S1kDXZ8S16s_oeU_w5Q57U6LOBYVhDKUZ3O0YEY7xQX_9DvY5zKg07sXgtS50tulhZvR5AlQbFKWlTloXRmxjA-YJfyqZhNeetLAK2CkyKOZdOqWPyo06LokTdToBaJ0CVCVB3E6BuiujVKcvcjWAfJPdfXgh8JeTyFHpIf8P-x_YPW-jARg</recordid><startdate>20190301</startdate><enddate>20190301</enddate><creator>Hijawi, Kamal J. F.</creator><creator>Hijjawi, Nawal S.</creator><creator>Ibbini, Jwan H.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-9855</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190301</creationdate><title>Detection, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolates collected from infected Jordanian residents and Syrian refugees who suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis</title><author>Hijawi, Kamal J. F. ; Hijjawi, Nawal S. ; Ibbini, Jwan H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-ae9f52bf00a63f6d25f92d0dec15c482dc3f00b0232c76d5bb4315ae5f6456083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Causes of</topic><topic>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</topic><topic>Demographic aspects</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA sequencing</topic><topic>DNA, Kinetoplast - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA, Kinetoplast - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Protozoan - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</topic><topic>EDTA</topic><topic>Emigration and immigration</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Genotyping</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Immigration</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Jordan</topic><topic>Jordanians</topic><topic>Lebanese foreign relations</topic><topic>Leishmania</topic><topic>Leishmania major - genetics</topic><topic>Leishmania major - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmania tropica - genetics</topic><topic>Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology</topic><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Phylogeny - Original Paper</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</topic><topic>Protozoa</topic><topic>Psychodidae - parasitology</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Refugee camps</topic><topic>Refugees</topic><topic>Restriction fragment length polymorphism</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Strains (organisms)</topic><topic>Syria</topic><topic>Syrian foreign relations</topic><topic>Syrian refugees</topic><topic>Varieties</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hijawi, Kamal J. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hijjawi, Nawal S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibbini, Jwan H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Parasitology research (1987)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hijawi, Kamal J. F.</au><au>Hijjawi, Nawal S.</au><au>Ibbini, Jwan H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detection, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolates collected from infected Jordanian residents and Syrian refugees who suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis</atitle><jtitle>Parasitology research (1987)</jtitle><stitle>Parasitol Res</stitle><addtitle>Parasitol Res</addtitle><date>2019-03-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>118</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>793</spage><epage>805</epage><pages>793-805</pages><issn>0932-0113</issn><eissn>1432-1955</eissn><abstract>Leishmania
is a parasitic protozoan which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female
Phlebotomus
and
Lutzomyia
sand flies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by
Leishmania major
and
L. tropica
, is an endemic disease in many areas of Jordan and considered as a major public health problem. The political instability in the Syrian Arab Republic has resulted in the immigration of large number of refugees into Jordan where most of them resided in camps near the Syrian borders. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to inspect
Leishmania
species/genotypes which are responsible for CL infections among Syrian refugees and compare them with the recovered species/genotypes isolated from Jordanian patients. Three molecular-based assays (ITS1-PCR-RFLP, Nested ITS1-5.8S rDNA PCR, and Kinetoplast DNA PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were undertaken and compared for their efficiency to confirm CL diagnosis and genotype the infecting
Leishmania
species. Thereafter, the evolutionary relationships among various
Leishmania
isolates from Syrian and Jordanian CL patients were elucidated. Results from the present study indicated that 20 and 9 out of the inspected 66 patients (39 Jordanian and 27 Syrian) were infected with
L. major
and
L. tropica
respectively. ITS1-PCR RFLP typing proved to be more sensitive in the detection of
Leishmania
species (positive in 44% of the isolates) compared to both ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene and Kinetoplast DNA PCR which were successful in identifying
Leishmania
species only in 23% and 33% of the isolates respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 and ITS1-5.8S rDNA genes revealed high levels of heterogeneity among the sequenced isolates. One sample typed as
L. tropica
from Jordanian patient showed high similarity with
L. tropica
sample isolated from a Syrian patient in a Lebanon refugee camp; therefore, the need for comprehensive studies to confirm if any new
L. tropica
strains might be introduced to Jordan by Syrian refugees is urgently indicated. These observations highlighted the need for further studies to clarify the risk status of species and strains which might be introduced from Syria to Jordan.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>30729301</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00436-019-06222-z</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-9855</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0932-0113 |
| ispartof | Parasitology research (1987), 2019-03, Vol.118 (3), p.793-805 |
| issn | 0932-0113 1432-1955 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2188204223 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Analysis Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Causes of Cutaneous leishmaniasis Demographic aspects DNA DNA sequencing DNA, Kinetoplast - chemistry DNA, Kinetoplast - genetics DNA, Protozoan - chemistry DNA, Protozoan - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry DNA, Ribosomal - genetics EDTA Emigration and immigration Evolution Female Genes Genetic aspects Genetics Genotype Genotypes Genotyping Health aspects Humans Identification and classification Immigration Immunology Infection Jordan Jordanians Lebanese foreign relations Leishmania Leishmania major - genetics Leishmania major - isolation & purification Leishmania tropica - genetics Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology Medical Microbiology Microbiology Parasitic diseases Patients Phylogenetics Phylogeny Phylogeny - Original Paper Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Protozoa Psychodidae - parasitology Public health Refugee camps Refugees Restriction fragment length polymorphism Species Strains (organisms) Syria Syrian foreign relations Syrian refugees Varieties |
| title | Detection, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolates collected from infected Jordanian residents and Syrian refugees who suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis |
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