Nutrient removal in an algal membrane photobioreactor: effects of wastewater composition and light/dark cycle
Graesiella emersonii was cultivated in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) for nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater in continuous mode. At 1.5 days of hydraulic retention time and under continuous illumination, the microalgae removed nitrogen (N) completely at influent NH 4 + -N conce...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2019-04, Vol.103 (8), p.3571-3580 |
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| creator | Praveen, Prashant Loh, Kai-Chee |
| description | Graesiella emersonii
was cultivated in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) for nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater in continuous mode. At 1.5 days of hydraulic retention time and under continuous illumination, the microalgae removed nitrogen (N) completely at influent NH
4
+
-N concentrations of 4–16 mg/L, with removal rates of 3.03–12.1 mg/L-day. Phosphorus (P) removal in the OMPBR was through biological assimilation as well as membrane rejection, but PO
4
3−
-P assimilation by microalgae could be improved at higher NH
4
+
-N concentrations. Microalgae biomass composition was affected by N/P ratio in wastewater, and a higher N/P ratio resulted in higher P accumulation in the biomass. The OMPBR accumulated about 0.35 g/L biomass after 12 days of operation under continuous illumination. However, OMPBR operation under 12 h light/12 h dark cycle lowered biomass productivity by 60%, which resulted in 20% decrease in NH
4
+
-N removal and nearly threefold increase in PO
4
3−
-P accumulation in the OMPBR. Prolonged dark phase also affected carbohydrate accumulation in biomass, although its effects on lipid and protein accumulation were negligible. The microalgae also exhibited high tendency to aggregate and settle, which could be attributed to reduction in cell surface charge and enrichment of soluble algal products in the OMPBR. Due to a relatively shorter operating period, membrane biofouling and salt accumulation did not influence the permeate flux significantly. These results improve the understanding of the effects of N/P ratio and light/dark cycle on biomass accumulation and nutrients removal in the OMPBR. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00253-019-09696-0 |
| format | Article |
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was cultivated in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) for nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater in continuous mode. At 1.5 days of hydraulic retention time and under continuous illumination, the microalgae removed nitrogen (N) completely at influent NH
4
+
-N concentrations of 4–16 mg/L, with removal rates of 3.03–12.1 mg/L-day. Phosphorus (P) removal in the OMPBR was through biological assimilation as well as membrane rejection, but PO
4
3−
-P assimilation by microalgae could be improved at higher NH
4
+
-N concentrations. Microalgae biomass composition was affected by N/P ratio in wastewater, and a higher N/P ratio resulted in higher P accumulation in the biomass. The OMPBR accumulated about 0.35 g/L biomass after 12 days of operation under continuous illumination. However, OMPBR operation under 12 h light/12 h dark cycle lowered biomass productivity by 60%, which resulted in 20% decrease in NH
4
+
-N removal and nearly threefold increase in PO
4
3−
-P accumulation in the OMPBR. Prolonged dark phase also affected carbohydrate accumulation in biomass, although its effects on lipid and protein accumulation were negligible. The microalgae also exhibited high tendency to aggregate and settle, which could be attributed to reduction in cell surface charge and enrichment of soluble algal products in the OMPBR. Due to a relatively shorter operating period, membrane biofouling and salt accumulation did not influence the permeate flux significantly. These results improve the understanding of the effects of N/P ratio and light/dark cycle on biomass accumulation and nutrients removal in the OMPBR.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0175-7598</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0614</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09696-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30809712</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Accumulation ; Algae ; Analysis ; Aquatic microorganisms ; Assimilation ; Biofouling ; Biomass ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carbohydrates ; Cell surface ; Chemical properties ; Chlorophyta - growth & development ; Chlorophyta - metabolism ; Composition ; Composition effects ; Cycle ratio ; Environmental Biotechnology ; Hydraulic retention time ; Illumination ; Life Sciences ; Light ; Lipids ; Membranes ; Membranes, Artificial ; Methods ; Microalgae ; Microalgae - growth & development ; Microalgae - metabolism ; Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Microbiology ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen - chemistry ; Nitrogen - isolation & purification ; Nitrogen - metabolism ; Nutrient removal ; Nutrients ; Nutrients - chemistry ; Nutrients - isolation & purification ; Nutrients - metabolism ; Osmosis ; Phosphorus ; Phosphorus - chemistry ; Phosphorus - isolation & purification ; Phosphorus - metabolism ; Phosphorus removal ; Photobioreactors - microbiology ; Photoperiod ; Production management ; Proteins ; Retention time ; Sewage treatment ; Surface charge ; Waste Water - chemistry ; Wastewater ; Wastewater composition ; Wastewater treatment ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism ; Water Purification - instrumentation]]></subject><ispartof>Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2019-04, Vol.103 (8), p.3571-3580</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Springer</rights><rights>Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c579t-9abe2192b1577dd84c9332603b405b23c4dae8bdff68c617550a278c89fba143</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c579t-9abe2192b1577dd84c9332603b405b23c4dae8bdff68c617550a278c89fba143</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-019-09696-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00253-019-09696-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30809712$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Praveen, Prashant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loh, Kai-Chee</creatorcontrib><title>Nutrient removal in an algal membrane photobioreactor: effects of wastewater composition and light/dark cycle</title><title>Applied microbiology and biotechnology</title><addtitle>Appl Microbiol Biotechnol</addtitle><addtitle>Appl Microbiol Biotechnol</addtitle><description>Graesiella emersonii
was cultivated in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) for nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater in continuous mode. At 1.5 days of hydraulic retention time and under continuous illumination, the microalgae removed nitrogen (N) completely at influent NH
4
+
-N concentrations of 4–16 mg/L, with removal rates of 3.03–12.1 mg/L-day. Phosphorus (P) removal in the OMPBR was through biological assimilation as well as membrane rejection, but PO
4
3−
-P assimilation by microalgae could be improved at higher NH
4
+
-N concentrations. Microalgae biomass composition was affected by N/P ratio in wastewater, and a higher N/P ratio resulted in higher P accumulation in the biomass. The OMPBR accumulated about 0.35 g/L biomass after 12 days of operation under continuous illumination. However, OMPBR operation under 12 h light/12 h dark cycle lowered biomass productivity by 60%, which resulted in 20% decrease in NH
4
+
-N removal and nearly threefold increase in PO
4
3−
-P accumulation in the OMPBR. Prolonged dark phase also affected carbohydrate accumulation in biomass, although its effects on lipid and protein accumulation were negligible. The microalgae also exhibited high tendency to aggregate and settle, which could be attributed to reduction in cell surface charge and enrichment of soluble algal products in the OMPBR. Due to a relatively shorter operating period, membrane biofouling and salt accumulation did not influence the permeate flux significantly. These results improve the understanding of the effects of N/P ratio and light/dark cycle on biomass accumulation and nutrients removal in the OMPBR.</description><subject>Accumulation</subject><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Aquatic microorganisms</subject><subject>Assimilation</subject><subject>Biofouling</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Carbohydrate Metabolism</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Cell surface</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Chlorophyta - growth & development</subject><subject>Chlorophyta - metabolism</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Composition effects</subject><subject>Cycle ratio</subject><subject>Environmental Biotechnology</subject><subject>Hydraulic retention time</subject><subject>Illumination</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Membranes, Artificial</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Microalgae</subject><subject>Microalgae - growth & development</subject><subject>Microalgae - metabolism</subject><subject>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen - chemistry</subject><subject>Nitrogen - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Nitrogen - metabolism</subject><subject>Nutrient removal</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Nutrients - chemistry</subject><subject>Nutrients - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Nutrients - metabolism</subject><subject>Osmosis</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Phosphorus - chemistry</subject><subject>Phosphorus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Phosphorus - metabolism</subject><subject>Phosphorus removal</subject><subject>Photobioreactors - microbiology</subject><subject>Photoperiod</subject><subject>Production management</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Retention time</subject><subject>Sewage treatment</subject><subject>Surface charge</subject><subject>Waste Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater composition</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</subject><subject>Water Purification - instrumentation</subject><issn>0175-7598</issn><issn>1432-0614</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kl1vFCEUhonR2LX6B7wwJN7oxbQHmA_wrmn8aNJoor0nDHPYUmeGFZjW_nvZbrVZYwwkEOY5B953XkJeMjhiAN1xAuCNqICpClSr2goekRWrBa-gZfVjsgLWNVXXKHlAnqV0BcC4bNun5ECABNUxviLT5yVHj3OmEadwbUbqZ2rKHNdlP-HURzMj3VyGHHofIhqbQ3xH0Tm0OdHg6I1JGW9MxkhtmDYh-ezDtslAR7--zMeDid-pvbUjPidPnBkTvrhfD8nFh_cXp5-q8y8fz05PzivbdCpXyvTImeI9a7puGGRtlRC8BdHX0PRc2HowKPvBuVbatohswPBOWqlcb4oBh-TNru0mhh8LpqwnnyyOY5ESlqQ5KzbwTkFb0Nd_oVdhiXN53JYq1hUrxQNVTEHtZxdyNHbbVJ80kolayLtrj_5BlTHg5G2Y0flyvlfwdq-gMBl_5rVZUtJn377us3zH2hhSiuj0JvrJxFvNQG_joHdx0CUO-i4OGkrRq3t1Sz_h8Kfk9_8vgNgBqXya1xgf5P-n7S_bI740</recordid><startdate>201904</startdate><enddate>201904</enddate><creator>Praveen, Prashant</creator><creator>Loh, Kai-Chee</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201904</creationdate><title>Nutrient removal in an algal membrane photobioreactor: effects of wastewater composition and light/dark cycle</title><author>Praveen, Prashant ; Loh, Kai-Chee</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c579t-9abe2192b1577dd84c9332603b405b23c4dae8bdff68c617550a278c89fba143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Accumulation</topic><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Aquatic microorganisms</topic><topic>Assimilation</topic><topic>Biofouling</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Carbohydrate Metabolism</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>Cell surface</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>Chlorophyta - growth & development</topic><topic>Chlorophyta - metabolism</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Composition effects</topic><topic>Cycle ratio</topic><topic>Environmental Biotechnology</topic><topic>Hydraulic retention time</topic><topic>Illumination</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Membranes, Artificial</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Microalgae</topic><topic>Microalgae - growth & development</topic><topic>Microalgae - metabolism</topic><topic>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen - chemistry</topic><topic>Nitrogen - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Nitrogen - metabolism</topic><topic>Nutrient removal</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Nutrients - chemistry</topic><topic>Nutrients - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Nutrients - metabolism</topic><topic>Osmosis</topic><topic>Phosphorus</topic><topic>Phosphorus - chemistry</topic><topic>Phosphorus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Phosphorus - metabolism</topic><topic>Phosphorus removal</topic><topic>Photobioreactors - microbiology</topic><topic>Photoperiod</topic><topic>Production management</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Retention time</topic><topic>Sewage treatment</topic><topic>Surface charge</topic><topic>Waste Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater composition</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</topic><topic>Water Purification - instrumentation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Praveen, Prashant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loh, Kai-Chee</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Applied microbiology and biotechnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Praveen, Prashant</au><au>Loh, Kai-Chee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nutrient removal in an algal membrane photobioreactor: effects of wastewater composition and light/dark cycle</atitle><jtitle>Applied microbiology and biotechnology</jtitle><stitle>Appl Microbiol Biotechnol</stitle><addtitle>Appl Microbiol Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2019-04</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>103</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>3571</spage><epage>3580</epage><pages>3571-3580</pages><issn>0175-7598</issn><eissn>1432-0614</eissn><abstract>Graesiella emersonii
was cultivated in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor (OMPBR) for nutrients removal from synthetic wastewater in continuous mode. At 1.5 days of hydraulic retention time and under continuous illumination, the microalgae removed nitrogen (N) completely at influent NH
4
+
-N concentrations of 4–16 mg/L, with removal rates of 3.03–12.1 mg/L-day. Phosphorus (P) removal in the OMPBR was through biological assimilation as well as membrane rejection, but PO
4
3−
-P assimilation by microalgae could be improved at higher NH
4
+
-N concentrations. Microalgae biomass composition was affected by N/P ratio in wastewater, and a higher N/P ratio resulted in higher P accumulation in the biomass. The OMPBR accumulated about 0.35 g/L biomass after 12 days of operation under continuous illumination. However, OMPBR operation under 12 h light/12 h dark cycle lowered biomass productivity by 60%, which resulted in 20% decrease in NH
4
+
-N removal and nearly threefold increase in PO
4
3−
-P accumulation in the OMPBR. Prolonged dark phase also affected carbohydrate accumulation in biomass, although its effects on lipid and protein accumulation were negligible. The microalgae also exhibited high tendency to aggregate and settle, which could be attributed to reduction in cell surface charge and enrichment of soluble algal products in the OMPBR. Due to a relatively shorter operating period, membrane biofouling and salt accumulation did not influence the permeate flux significantly. These results improve the understanding of the effects of N/P ratio and light/dark cycle on biomass accumulation and nutrients removal in the OMPBR.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>30809712</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00253-019-09696-0</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0175-7598 |
| ispartof | Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2019-04, Vol.103 (8), p.3571-3580 |
| issn | 0175-7598 1432-0614 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2186627906 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Accumulation Algae Analysis Aquatic microorganisms Assimilation Biofouling Biomass Biomedical and Life Sciences Biotechnology Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrates Cell surface Chemical properties Chlorophyta - growth & development Chlorophyta - metabolism Composition Composition effects Cycle ratio Environmental Biotechnology Hydraulic retention time Illumination Life Sciences Light Lipids Membranes Membranes, Artificial Methods Microalgae Microalgae - growth & development Microalgae - metabolism Microbial Genetics and Genomics Microbiology Nitrogen Nitrogen - chemistry Nitrogen - isolation & purification Nitrogen - metabolism Nutrient removal Nutrients Nutrients - chemistry Nutrients - isolation & purification Nutrients - metabolism Osmosis Phosphorus Phosphorus - chemistry Phosphorus - isolation & purification Phosphorus - metabolism Phosphorus removal Photobioreactors - microbiology Photoperiod Production management Proteins Retention time Sewage treatment Surface charge Waste Water - chemistry Wastewater Wastewater composition Wastewater treatment Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Water Purification - instrumentation |
| title | Nutrient removal in an algal membrane photobioreactor: effects of wastewater composition and light/dark cycle |
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