Rostrocaudal subregions of the ventral tegmental area are differentially impacted by chronic stress
Rationale The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and addictive disorders and is subject to the detrimental effects of stress. Chronic stress may differentially alter the activity pattern of its different subregions along the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychopharmacology 2019-06, Vol.236 (6), p.1917-1929 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1929 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 1917 |
| container_title | Psychopharmacology |
| container_volume | 236 |
| creator | Bambico, Francis Rodriguez Li, Zhuoliang Oliveira, Caio McNeill, Sean Diwan, Mustansir Raymond, Roger Nobrega, José N. |
| description | Rationale
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and addictive disorders and is subject to the detrimental effects of stress. Chronic stress may differentially alter the activity pattern of its different subregions along the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral axes, which may relate to the variable behavioral sensitivity to stress mediated by these subregions.
Objectives
Here, chronic stress-exposed rats were tested for depressive-like reactivity. In situ hybridization for
zif268
as a marker of neuronal activation was combined with in vivo single-unit recording of dopaminergic neurons to assess modifications in the activity of the rostral VTA (rVTA) and caudal VTA (cVTA). Changes in the expression of stress-responsive glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also assessed.
Results
Stress-induced anhedonia-like, hyper-anxious, and passive-like responding were associated with reductions in dopaminergic burst activity in the cVTA and an increase in local GABAergic activity, particularly in GABA
A
receptor sensitivity. On the other hand, stress increased single-spiking activity, burst activity, and
zif268
mRNA levels in the rVTA, which were associated with increased glutamatergic tonus and enhanced GR and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression. rVTA and cVTA activity differentially correlated with sucrose preference and passivity measures.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that the rVTA and cVTA respond differently to stress and suggest that while cVTA activity may be related to passivity-like states, the activity of both subregions appears to be related to anhedonia and the processing of incentive value. These region-dependent abnormalities indicate the multi-modular composition of the VTA, which could provide multiple substrates for different symptom features. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00213-019-5177-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2185559239</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A591902169</galeid><sourcerecordid>A591902169</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-d5ca2731eb284af3807cf8f039b309659131a9abeb7f2afe030fa2dec1f9433e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1UV1rFTEQDaLY2-oP8EUCvviydZLsR_JYil9QEESfQzY7uU3Z3VyTXeH--85yq0XRBDLDzDmHyRzGXgm4FADduwIghapAmKoRXVfpJ2wnaiUrCZ18ynYASlVKNPqMnZdyB3RqXT9nZwo609ZG7pj_msqSk3fr4EZe1j7jPqa58BT4cov8J85Lps6C-4lSylxGtz18iCFgpmJ043jkcTo4v-DA-yP3tznN0XOSxlJesGfBjQVfPsQL9v3D-2_Xn6qbLx8_X1_dVL5WZqmGxjvZKYG91LULSkPngw6gTK_AtI0RSjjjeuy7IF1AUBCcHNCLYGqlUF2wtyfdQ04_ViyLnWLxOI5uxrQWK4VumsZIZQj65i_oXVrzTNNtqFo3rWzFI2rvRrRxDol24TdRe0XjGNp-u2ld_gNFd8Ap-jRjiFT_gyBOBJ9TKRmDPeQ4uXy0AuxmrD0Za8lYuxlrNXFePwy89hMOvxm_nCSAPAEKteY95scf_V_1HsqkrUc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2184856261</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Rostrocaudal subregions of the ventral tegmental area are differentially impacted by chronic stress</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Bambico, Francis Rodriguez ; Li, Zhuoliang ; Oliveira, Caio ; McNeill, Sean ; Diwan, Mustansir ; Raymond, Roger ; Nobrega, José N.</creator><creatorcontrib>Bambico, Francis Rodriguez ; Li, Zhuoliang ; Oliveira, Caio ; McNeill, Sean ; Diwan, Mustansir ; Raymond, Roger ; Nobrega, José N.</creatorcontrib><description>Rationale
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and addictive disorders and is subject to the detrimental effects of stress. Chronic stress may differentially alter the activity pattern of its different subregions along the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral axes, which may relate to the variable behavioral sensitivity to stress mediated by these subregions.
Objectives
Here, chronic stress-exposed rats were tested for depressive-like reactivity. In situ hybridization for
zif268
as a marker of neuronal activation was combined with in vivo single-unit recording of dopaminergic neurons to assess modifications in the activity of the rostral VTA (rVTA) and caudal VTA (cVTA). Changes in the expression of stress-responsive glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also assessed.
Results
Stress-induced anhedonia-like, hyper-anxious, and passive-like responding were associated with reductions in dopaminergic burst activity in the cVTA and an increase in local GABAergic activity, particularly in GABA
A
receptor sensitivity. On the other hand, stress increased single-spiking activity, burst activity, and
zif268
mRNA levels in the rVTA, which were associated with increased glutamatergic tonus and enhanced GR and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression. rVTA and cVTA activity differentially correlated with sucrose preference and passivity measures.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that the rVTA and cVTA respond differently to stress and suggest that while cVTA activity may be related to passivity-like states, the activity of both subregions appears to be related to anhedonia and the processing of incentive value. These region-dependent abnormalities indicate the multi-modular composition of the VTA, which could provide multiple substrates for different symptom features.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-3158</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-2072</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5177-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30796492</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Addictions ; Animal cognition ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Brain research ; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; Depression, Mental ; Dopamine ; Dopamine receptors ; EGR-1 protein ; Firing pattern ; GABA ; Glucocorticoid receptors ; Glutamatergic transmission ; Hedonic response ; Hybridization ; Hypotheses ; Mental depression ; Mental health ; mRNA ; Neurons ; Neurophysiology ; Neurosciences ; Original Investigation ; Passivity ; Pathophysiology ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Psychiatry ; Psychopharmacology ; Receptor mechanisms ; RNA ; Sensitivity ; Stress ; Stress (Psychology) ; Sucrose ; Sugar ; Ventral tegmentum ; α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid ; α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors ; γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors</subject><ispartof>Psychopharmacology, 2019-06, Vol.236 (6), p.1917-1929</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Springer</rights><rights>Psychopharmacology is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-d5ca2731eb284af3807cf8f039b309659131a9abeb7f2afe030fa2dec1f9433e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-d5ca2731eb284af3807cf8f039b309659131a9abeb7f2afe030fa2dec1f9433e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00213-019-5177-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00213-019-5177-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30796492$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bambico, Francis Rodriguez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhuoliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Caio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNeill, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diwan, Mustansir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raymond, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nobrega, José N.</creatorcontrib><title>Rostrocaudal subregions of the ventral tegmental area are differentially impacted by chronic stress</title><title>Psychopharmacology</title><addtitle>Psychopharmacology</addtitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><description>Rationale
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and addictive disorders and is subject to the detrimental effects of stress. Chronic stress may differentially alter the activity pattern of its different subregions along the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral axes, which may relate to the variable behavioral sensitivity to stress mediated by these subregions.
Objectives
Here, chronic stress-exposed rats were tested for depressive-like reactivity. In situ hybridization for
zif268
as a marker of neuronal activation was combined with in vivo single-unit recording of dopaminergic neurons to assess modifications in the activity of the rostral VTA (rVTA) and caudal VTA (cVTA). Changes in the expression of stress-responsive glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also assessed.
Results
Stress-induced anhedonia-like, hyper-anxious, and passive-like responding were associated with reductions in dopaminergic burst activity in the cVTA and an increase in local GABAergic activity, particularly in GABA
A
receptor sensitivity. On the other hand, stress increased single-spiking activity, burst activity, and
zif268
mRNA levels in the rVTA, which were associated with increased glutamatergic tonus and enhanced GR and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression. rVTA and cVTA activity differentially correlated with sucrose preference and passivity measures.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that the rVTA and cVTA respond differently to stress and suggest that while cVTA activity may be related to passivity-like states, the activity of both subregions appears to be related to anhedonia and the processing of incentive value. These region-dependent abnormalities indicate the multi-modular composition of the VTA, which could provide multiple substrates for different symptom features.</description><subject>Addictions</subject><subject>Animal cognition</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</subject><subject>Depression, Mental</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Dopamine receptors</subject><subject>EGR-1 protein</subject><subject>Firing pattern</subject><subject>GABA</subject><subject>Glucocorticoid receptors</subject><subject>Glutamatergic transmission</subject><subject>Hedonic response</subject><subject>Hybridization</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurophysiology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Original Investigation</subject><subject>Passivity</subject><subject>Pathophysiology</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopharmacology</subject><subject>Receptor mechanisms</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress (Psychology)</subject><subject>Sucrose</subject><subject>Sugar</subject><subject>Ventral tegmentum</subject><subject>α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid</subject><subject>α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors</subject><subject>γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors</subject><issn>0033-3158</issn><issn>1432-2072</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UV1rFTEQDaLY2-oP8EUCvviydZLsR_JYil9QEESfQzY7uU3Z3VyTXeH--85yq0XRBDLDzDmHyRzGXgm4FADduwIghapAmKoRXVfpJ2wnaiUrCZ18ynYASlVKNPqMnZdyB3RqXT9nZwo609ZG7pj_msqSk3fr4EZe1j7jPqa58BT4cov8J85Lps6C-4lSylxGtz18iCFgpmJ043jkcTo4v-DA-yP3tznN0XOSxlJesGfBjQVfPsQL9v3D-2_Xn6qbLx8_X1_dVL5WZqmGxjvZKYG91LULSkPngw6gTK_AtI0RSjjjeuy7IF1AUBCcHNCLYGqlUF2wtyfdQ04_ViyLnWLxOI5uxrQWK4VumsZIZQj65i_oXVrzTNNtqFo3rWzFI2rvRrRxDol24TdRe0XjGNp-u2ld_gNFd8Ap-jRjiFT_gyBOBJ9TKRmDPeQ4uXy0AuxmrD0Za8lYuxlrNXFePwy89hMOvxm_nCSAPAEKteY95scf_V_1HsqkrUc</recordid><startdate>20190601</startdate><enddate>20190601</enddate><creator>Bambico, Francis Rodriguez</creator><creator>Li, Zhuoliang</creator><creator>Oliveira, Caio</creator><creator>McNeill, Sean</creator><creator>Diwan, Mustansir</creator><creator>Raymond, Roger</creator><creator>Nobrega, José N.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190601</creationdate><title>Rostrocaudal subregions of the ventral tegmental area are differentially impacted by chronic stress</title><author>Bambico, Francis Rodriguez ; Li, Zhuoliang ; Oliveira, Caio ; McNeill, Sean ; Diwan, Mustansir ; Raymond, Roger ; Nobrega, José N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-d5ca2731eb284af3807cf8f039b309659131a9abeb7f2afe030fa2dec1f9433e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Addictions</topic><topic>Animal cognition</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Brain research</topic><topic>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</topic><topic>Depression, Mental</topic><topic>Dopamine</topic><topic>Dopamine receptors</topic><topic>EGR-1 protein</topic><topic>Firing pattern</topic><topic>GABA</topic><topic>Glucocorticoid receptors</topic><topic>Glutamatergic transmission</topic><topic>Hedonic response</topic><topic>Hybridization</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>mRNA</topic><topic>Neurons</topic><topic>Neurophysiology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Original Investigation</topic><topic>Passivity</topic><topic>Pathophysiology</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopharmacology</topic><topic>Receptor mechanisms</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress (Psychology)</topic><topic>Sucrose</topic><topic>Sugar</topic><topic>Ventral tegmentum</topic><topic>α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid</topic><topic>α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors</topic><topic>γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bambico, Francis Rodriguez</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhuoliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Caio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNeill, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diwan, Mustansir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raymond, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nobrega, José N.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bambico, Francis Rodriguez</au><au>Li, Zhuoliang</au><au>Oliveira, Caio</au><au>McNeill, Sean</au><au>Diwan, Mustansir</au><au>Raymond, Roger</au><au>Nobrega, José N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rostrocaudal subregions of the ventral tegmental area are differentially impacted by chronic stress</atitle><jtitle>Psychopharmacology</jtitle><stitle>Psychopharmacology</stitle><addtitle>Psychopharmacology (Berl)</addtitle><date>2019-06-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>236</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1917</spage><epage>1929</epage><pages>1917-1929</pages><issn>0033-3158</issn><eissn>1432-2072</eissn><abstract>Rationale
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and addictive disorders and is subject to the detrimental effects of stress. Chronic stress may differentially alter the activity pattern of its different subregions along the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral axes, which may relate to the variable behavioral sensitivity to stress mediated by these subregions.
Objectives
Here, chronic stress-exposed rats were tested for depressive-like reactivity. In situ hybridization for
zif268
as a marker of neuronal activation was combined with in vivo single-unit recording of dopaminergic neurons to assess modifications in the activity of the rostral VTA (rVTA) and caudal VTA (cVTA). Changes in the expression of stress-responsive glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also assessed.
Results
Stress-induced anhedonia-like, hyper-anxious, and passive-like responding were associated with reductions in dopaminergic burst activity in the cVTA and an increase in local GABAergic activity, particularly in GABA
A
receptor sensitivity. On the other hand, stress increased single-spiking activity, burst activity, and
zif268
mRNA levels in the rVTA, which were associated with increased glutamatergic tonus and enhanced GR and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression. rVTA and cVTA activity differentially correlated with sucrose preference and passivity measures.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that the rVTA and cVTA respond differently to stress and suggest that while cVTA activity may be related to passivity-like states, the activity of both subregions appears to be related to anhedonia and the processing of incentive value. These region-dependent abnormalities indicate the multi-modular composition of the VTA, which could provide multiple substrates for different symptom features.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>30796492</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00213-019-5177-8</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0033-3158 |
| ispartof | Psychopharmacology, 2019-06, Vol.236 (6), p.1917-1929 |
| issn | 0033-3158 1432-2072 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2185559239 |
| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Addictions Animal cognition Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain research Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Depression, Mental Dopamine Dopamine receptors EGR-1 protein Firing pattern GABA Glucocorticoid receptors Glutamatergic transmission Hedonic response Hybridization Hypotheses Mental depression Mental health mRNA Neurons Neurophysiology Neurosciences Original Investigation Passivity Pathophysiology Pharmacology/Toxicology Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Receptor mechanisms RNA Sensitivity Stress Stress (Psychology) Sucrose Sugar Ventral tegmentum α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors |
| title | Rostrocaudal subregions of the ventral tegmental area are differentially impacted by chronic stress |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-13T21%3A50%3A03IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rostrocaudal%20subregions%20of%20the%20ventral%20tegmental%20area%20are%20differentially%20impacted%20by%20chronic%20stress&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.au=Bambico,%20Francis%20Rodriguez&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft.volume=236&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1917&rft.epage=1929&rft.pages=1917-1929&rft.issn=0033-3158&rft.eissn=1432-2072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s00213-019-5177-8&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA591902169%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2184856261&rft_id=info:pmid/30796492&rft_galeid=A591902169&rfr_iscdi=true |