Depression is associated with diabetes status of family members: NHANES (1999–2016)

•A significant association between depression and diabetes status of family members was observed in general population.•The number of diabetic family members predicts the risk of depression.•Psychological interventions targeting family members of diabetic patients are worthy of attention. The majori...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of affective disorders 2019-04, Vol.249, p.121-126
Hauptverfasser: Jia, Zhaoqi, Li, Xinyi, Yuan, Xin, Zhang, Biao, Liu, Yuan, Zhao, Jing, Li, Sen
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container_end_page 126
container_issue
container_start_page 121
container_title Journal of affective disorders
container_volume 249
creator Jia, Zhaoqi
Li, Xinyi
Yuan, Xin
Zhang, Biao
Liu, Yuan
Zhao, Jing
Li, Sen
description •A significant association between depression and diabetes status of family members was observed in general population.•The number of diabetic family members predicts the risk of depression.•Psychological interventions targeting family members of diabetic patients are worthy of attention. The majority of the studies in this area focus on the psychological impact of having diabetic children or adolescents on parents, while a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of diabetes on the mental health status of family members in the general population. Thus, the aim of the current study is to explore the possible association between mental health disorders (depression, anxiety and panic) and diabetes status of family members among a national sample of adults in the United States. Our analysis included 1,787 and 25,574 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 and 2005–2016, respectively. Diabetes status of family members was self-reported by the participants, and depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in NHANES (1999–2004) and NHANES (2005–2016), respectively. With NHANES (1999–2004) participants, logistic regression indicated a marginally significant association between depression and diabetes status of family members after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.07), and trend analysis suggested that participants who had more diabetic family members were at a higher risk of depression (Ptrend 
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The majority of the studies in this area focus on the psychological impact of having diabetic children or adolescents on parents, while a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of diabetes on the mental health status of family members in the general population. Thus, the aim of the current study is to explore the possible association between mental health disorders (depression, anxiety and panic) and diabetes status of family members among a national sample of adults in the United States. Our analysis included 1,787 and 25,574 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 and 2005–2016, respectively. Diabetes status of family members was self-reported by the participants, and depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in NHANES (1999–2004) and NHANES (2005–2016), respectively. With NHANES (1999–2004) participants, logistic regression indicated a marginally significant association between depression and diabetes status of family members after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.07), and trend analysis suggested that participants who had more diabetic family members were at a higher risk of depression (Ptrend &lt; 0.01). We further validated these results using data from NHANES (2005–2016), which indicated diabetes status of family members was associated with both clinically relevant depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and clinically significant depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) (P &lt; 0.01). The information about the mental health status of family members and the exact role of participants in caring for diabetic patients was inadequate. A positive association between depression and diabetes status of family members was observed in the general population, suggesting that psychological interventions targeting the family members of diabetic patients are worthy of attention.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0165-0327</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2517</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30771642</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ; aOR, adjusted odds ratio ; BMI, body mass index ; CI, confidence interval ; CIDI, the composite international diagnostic interview ; cOR, crude odds ratio ; CRD, clinically relevant depression ; CSD, clinically significant depression ; DD, depressive disorders ; Depression ; Diabetes ; DSM-IV, the fourth edition of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ; Epidemiology ; Family members ; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder ; NCHS, National Centers for Health Statistics ; NHANES ; PD, panic disorder ; PHQ, the patient health questionnaire ; PIR, poverty income ratio ; S.E., standard error</subject><ispartof>Journal of affective disorders, 2019-04, Vol.249, p.121-126</ispartof><rights>2019</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019. 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With NHANES (1999–2004) participants, logistic regression indicated a marginally significant association between depression and diabetes status of family members after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.07), and trend analysis suggested that participants who had more diabetic family members were at a higher risk of depression (Ptrend &lt; 0.01). We further validated these results using data from NHANES (2005–2016), which indicated diabetes status of family members was associated with both clinically relevant depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and clinically significant depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) (P &lt; 0.01). The information about the mental health status of family members and the exact role of participants in caring for diabetic patients was inadequate. 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The majority of the studies in this area focus on the psychological impact of having diabetic children or adolescents on parents, while a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of diabetes on the mental health status of family members in the general population. Thus, the aim of the current study is to explore the possible association between mental health disorders (depression, anxiety and panic) and diabetes status of family members among a national sample of adults in the United States. Our analysis included 1,787 and 25,574 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 and 2005–2016, respectively. Diabetes status of family members was self-reported by the participants, and depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in NHANES (1999–2004) and NHANES (2005–2016), respectively. With NHANES (1999–2004) participants, logistic regression indicated a marginally significant association between depression and diabetes status of family members after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.07), and trend analysis suggested that participants who had more diabetic family members were at a higher risk of depression (Ptrend &lt; 0.01). We further validated these results using data from NHANES (2005–2016), which indicated diabetes status of family members was associated with both clinically relevant depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and clinically significant depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) (P &lt; 0.01). The information about the mental health status of family members and the exact role of participants in caring for diabetic patients was inadequate. A positive association between depression and diabetes status of family members was observed in the general population, suggesting that psychological interventions targeting the family members of diabetic patients are worthy of attention.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>30771642</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.019</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8926-3058</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4496-5050</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
aOR, adjusted odds ratio
BMI, body mass index
CI, confidence interval
CIDI, the composite international diagnostic interview
cOR, crude odds ratio
CRD, clinically relevant depression
CSD, clinically significant depression
DD, depressive disorders
Depression
Diabetes
DSM-IV, the fourth edition of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Epidemiology
Family members
GAD, generalized anxiety disorder
NCHS, National Centers for Health Statistics
NHANES
PD, panic disorder
PHQ, the patient health questionnaire
PIR, poverty income ratio
S.E., standard error
title Depression is associated with diabetes status of family members: NHANES (1999–2016)
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