Comparison between two bone substitutes for alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction: Cone‐beam computed tomography results of a non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial

Aim To test the non‐inferiority of demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) compared to DBBM with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) for maintenance of bone volume after tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla. Materials and Methods Sixty‐six patients were randomly treated with DBBM or DBBM‐C, both of which were covered with a collagen matrix for ridge preservation in the anterior maxilla. Cone‐beam computed tomographic analysis was performed immediately and 4 months after treatment. The primary outcome, for which non‐inferiority of DBBM was tested, was change in the horizontal ridge width 1 mm below the buccal alveolar crest (HW‐1) 4 months after extraction. Results Four months after extraction, HW‐1 measured −1.60 mm ± 0.82 mm for DBBM‐C, while the DBBM group showed a mean loss of −1.37 mm ± 0.84 mm (p = 0.28, 0.23 [95% CI: −0.19; 0.64]). The horizontal ridge width at 3 mm (HW‐3) showed −0.98 mm (±0.67 mm) for DBBM‐C and −0.84 mm (±0.62 mm) for DBBM (p = 0.40, 0.12 [95% CI: −0.19; 0.45]), and the horizontal ridge width at 5 mm (HW‐5) showed −0.67 mm (±0.47 mm) for DBBM‐C and −0.56 mm (±0.48 mm) for DBBM (p = 0.36, 0.11 [95% CI: −0.13; 0.34]). Conclusions The present clinical trial demonstrated non‐inferiority of DBBM compared to DBBM‐C for maintenance of alveolar bone volume 4 months after tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla.