Measurement and implications of Saturn’s gravity field and ring mass
The interior structure of Saturn, the depth of its winds, and the mass and age of its rings constrain its formation and evolution. In the final phase of the Cassini mission, the spacecraft dived between the planet and its innermost ring, at altitudes of 2600 to 3900 kilometers above the cloud tops....
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2019-06, Vol.364 (6445), p.1052-1052 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1052 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6445 |
| container_start_page | 1052 |
| container_title | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
| container_volume | 364 |
| creator | Iess, L. Militzer, B. Kaspi, Y. Nicholson, P. Durante, D. Racioppa, P. Anabtawi, A. Galanti, E. Hubbard, W. Mariani, M. J. Tortora, P. Wahl, S. Zannoni, M. |
| description | The interior structure of Saturn, the depth of its winds, and the mass and age of its rings constrain its formation and evolution. In the final phase of the Cassini mission, the spacecraft dived between the planet and its innermost ring, at altitudes of 2600 to 3900 kilometers above the cloud tops. During six of these crossings, a radio link with Earth was monitored to determine the gravitational field of the planet and the mass of its rings. We find that Saturn's gravity deviates from theoretical expectations and requires differential rotation of the atmosphere extending to a depth of at least 9000 kilometers. The total mass of the rings is (1.54 ± 0.49) × 10
kilograms (0.41 ± 0.13 times that of the moon Mimas), indicating that the rings may have formed 10
to 10
years ago. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.aat2965 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2179402905</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>26681576</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>26681576</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a477t-9cec6fff39ccde65e5ce9be61a5cb7e0679bd84507990517465cf98a19f87a603</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkL1OwzAURi0EoqUwM4EisbCktePYjkdUUUAqYgDmyHGuK1f5KXaC1I3X4PV4EgwNHZjucM_36d6D0DnBU0ISPvPaQqNhqlSXSM4O0JhgyWKZYHqIxhhTHmdYsBE68X6NcdhJeoxGFHPG0lSM0eIRlO8d1NB0kWrKyNabymrV2bbxUWuiZ9X1rvn6-PTRyql3220jY6Eqf2Fnm1VUK-9P0ZFRlYezYU7Q6-L2ZX4fL5_uHuY3y1ilQnSx1KC5MYZKrUvgDJgGWQAniulCAOZCFmWWMiykxIyIlDNtZKaINJlQHNMJut71blz71oPv8tp6DVWlGmh7nydEyBQnIRzQq3_oug2fhOvyJKFSZKGdBmq2o7RrvXdg8o2ztXLbnOD8R3E-KM4HxSFxOfT2RQ3lnv9zGoCLHbD2Xev2-4TzjDDB6TdowoPn</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2239787463</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Measurement and implications of Saturn’s gravity field and ring mass</title><source>American Association for the Advancement of Science</source><creator>Iess, L. ; Militzer, B. ; Kaspi, Y. ; Nicholson, P. ; Durante, D. ; Racioppa, P. ; Anabtawi, A. ; Galanti, E. ; Hubbard, W. ; Mariani, M. J. ; Tortora, P. ; Wahl, S. ; Zannoni, M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Iess, L. ; Militzer, B. ; Kaspi, Y. ; Nicholson, P. ; Durante, D. ; Racioppa, P. ; Anabtawi, A. ; Galanti, E. ; Hubbard, W. ; Mariani, M. J. ; Tortora, P. ; Wahl, S. ; Zannoni, M.</creatorcontrib><description>The interior structure of Saturn, the depth of its winds, and the mass and age of its rings constrain its formation and evolution. In the final phase of the Cassini mission, the spacecraft dived between the planet and its innermost ring, at altitudes of 2600 to 3900 kilometers above the cloud tops. During six of these crossings, a radio link with Earth was monitored to determine the gravitational field of the planet and the mass of its rings. We find that Saturn's gravity deviates from theoretical expectations and requires differential rotation of the atmosphere extending to a depth of at least 9000 kilometers. The total mass of the rings is (1.54 ± 0.49) × 10
kilograms (0.41 ± 0.13 times that of the moon Mimas), indicating that the rings may have formed 10
to 10
years ago.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2965</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30655447</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Angular velocity ; Astronomy ; Atmosphere ; Atmospheric models ; Cassini mission ; Catastrophic events ; Centrifugal force ; Clouds ; Deposition ; Earth ; Equator ; Evolution ; Flow profiles ; Free fall ; Gravitation ; Gravitational fields ; Gravity ; Jupiter ; Jupiter atmosphere ; Mass distribution ; Moon ; Moons ; Optical tracking ; Orbits ; Outer solar system ; Planetary rotation ; Planets ; Radial velocity ; RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY ; Saturn ; Saturn atmosphere ; Solar system ; Spacecraft ; Stellar winds ; Velocity ; Velocity distribution</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2019-06, Vol.364 (6445), p.1052-1052</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a477t-9cec6fff39ccde65e5ce9be61a5cb7e0679bd84507990517465cf98a19f87a603</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a477t-9cec6fff39ccde65e5ce9be61a5cb7e0679bd84507990517465cf98a19f87a603</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2275-4463 ; 0000-0002-1171-4397 ; 0000-0002-5440-8779 ; 0000-0001-9259-7673 ; 0000-0001-5141-6303 ; 0000-0003-3185-4538 ; 0000-0002-7888-3021 ; 0000-0002-6230-5825 ; 0000-0003-4089-0020 ; 0000-0003-1405-8118 ; 0000-0003-2451-7939</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2871,2872,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30655447$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Iess, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Militzer, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaspi, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicholson, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durante, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Racioppa, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anabtawi, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galanti, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hubbard, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tortora, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahl, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zannoni, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Measurement and implications of Saturn’s gravity field and ring mass</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>The interior structure of Saturn, the depth of its winds, and the mass and age of its rings constrain its formation and evolution. In the final phase of the Cassini mission, the spacecraft dived between the planet and its innermost ring, at altitudes of 2600 to 3900 kilometers above the cloud tops. During six of these crossings, a radio link with Earth was monitored to determine the gravitational field of the planet and the mass of its rings. We find that Saturn's gravity deviates from theoretical expectations and requires differential rotation of the atmosphere extending to a depth of at least 9000 kilometers. The total mass of the rings is (1.54 ± 0.49) × 10
kilograms (0.41 ± 0.13 times that of the moon Mimas), indicating that the rings may have formed 10
to 10
years ago.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Angular velocity</subject><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>Atmospheric models</subject><subject>Cassini mission</subject><subject>Catastrophic events</subject><subject>Centrifugal force</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Equator</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Flow profiles</subject><subject>Free fall</subject><subject>Gravitation</subject><subject>Gravitational fields</subject><subject>Gravity</subject><subject>Jupiter</subject><subject>Jupiter atmosphere</subject><subject>Mass distribution</subject><subject>Moon</subject><subject>Moons</subject><subject>Optical tracking</subject><subject>Orbits</subject><subject>Outer solar system</subject><subject>Planetary rotation</subject><subject>Planets</subject><subject>Radial velocity</subject><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY</subject><subject>Saturn</subject><subject>Saturn atmosphere</subject><subject>Solar system</subject><subject>Spacecraft</subject><subject>Stellar winds</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Velocity distribution</subject><issn>0036-8075</issn><issn>1095-9203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkL1OwzAURi0EoqUwM4EisbCktePYjkdUUUAqYgDmyHGuK1f5KXaC1I3X4PV4EgwNHZjucM_36d6D0DnBU0ISPvPaQqNhqlSXSM4O0JhgyWKZYHqIxhhTHmdYsBE68X6NcdhJeoxGFHPG0lSM0eIRlO8d1NB0kWrKyNabymrV2bbxUWuiZ9X1rvn6-PTRyql3220jY6Eqf2Fnm1VUK-9P0ZFRlYezYU7Q6-L2ZX4fL5_uHuY3y1ilQnSx1KC5MYZKrUvgDJgGWQAniulCAOZCFmWWMiykxIyIlDNtZKaINJlQHNMJut71blz71oPv8tp6DVWlGmh7nydEyBQnIRzQq3_oug2fhOvyJKFSZKGdBmq2o7RrvXdg8o2ztXLbnOD8R3E-KM4HxSFxOfT2RQ3lnv9zGoCLHbD2Xev2-4TzjDDB6TdowoPn</recordid><startdate>20190614</startdate><enddate>20190614</enddate><creator>Iess, L.</creator><creator>Militzer, B.</creator><creator>Kaspi, Y.</creator><creator>Nicholson, P.</creator><creator>Durante, D.</creator><creator>Racioppa, P.</creator><creator>Anabtawi, A.</creator><creator>Galanti, E.</creator><creator>Hubbard, W.</creator><creator>Mariani, M. J.</creator><creator>Tortora, P.</creator><creator>Wahl, S.</creator><creator>Zannoni, M.</creator><general>American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><general>The American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-4463</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-4397</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-8779</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-7673</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-6303</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-4538</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-3021</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-5825</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-0020</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-8118</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-7939</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190614</creationdate><title>Measurement and implications of Saturn’s gravity field and ring mass</title><author>Iess, L. ; Militzer, B. ; Kaspi, Y. ; Nicholson, P. ; Durante, D. ; Racioppa, P. ; Anabtawi, A. ; Galanti, E. ; Hubbard, W. ; Mariani, M. J. ; Tortora, P. ; Wahl, S. ; Zannoni, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a477t-9cec6fff39ccde65e5ce9be61a5cb7e0679bd84507990517465cf98a19f87a603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Angular velocity</topic><topic>Astronomy</topic><topic>Atmosphere</topic><topic>Atmospheric models</topic><topic>Cassini mission</topic><topic>Catastrophic events</topic><topic>Centrifugal force</topic><topic>Clouds</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>Earth</topic><topic>Equator</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Flow profiles</topic><topic>Free fall</topic><topic>Gravitation</topic><topic>Gravitational fields</topic><topic>Gravity</topic><topic>Jupiter</topic><topic>Jupiter atmosphere</topic><topic>Mass distribution</topic><topic>Moon</topic><topic>Moons</topic><topic>Optical tracking</topic><topic>Orbits</topic><topic>Outer solar system</topic><topic>Planetary rotation</topic><topic>Planets</topic><topic>Radial velocity</topic><topic>RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY</topic><topic>Saturn</topic><topic>Saturn atmosphere</topic><topic>Solar system</topic><topic>Spacecraft</topic><topic>Stellar winds</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Velocity distribution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Iess, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Militzer, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaspi, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicholson, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durante, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Racioppa, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anabtawi, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galanti, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hubbard, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mariani, M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tortora, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahl, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zannoni, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Iess, L.</au><au>Militzer, B.</au><au>Kaspi, Y.</au><au>Nicholson, P.</au><au>Durante, D.</au><au>Racioppa, P.</au><au>Anabtawi, A.</au><au>Galanti, E.</au><au>Hubbard, W.</au><au>Mariani, M. J.</au><au>Tortora, P.</au><au>Wahl, S.</au><au>Zannoni, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Measurement and implications of Saturn’s gravity field and ring mass</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>2019-06-14</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>364</volume><issue>6445</issue><spage>1052</spage><epage>1052</epage><pages>1052-1052</pages><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><abstract>The interior structure of Saturn, the depth of its winds, and the mass and age of its rings constrain its formation and evolution. In the final phase of the Cassini mission, the spacecraft dived between the planet and its innermost ring, at altitudes of 2600 to 3900 kilometers above the cloud tops. During six of these crossings, a radio link with Earth was monitored to determine the gravitational field of the planet and the mass of its rings. We find that Saturn's gravity deviates from theoretical expectations and requires differential rotation of the atmosphere extending to a depth of at least 9000 kilometers. The total mass of the rings is (1.54 ± 0.49) × 10
kilograms (0.41 ± 0.13 times that of the moon Mimas), indicating that the rings may have formed 10
to 10
years ago.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Association for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>30655447</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.aat2965</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-4463</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-4397</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-8779</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-7673</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-6303</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-4538</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-3021</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-5825</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-0020</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-8118</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-7939</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2019-06, Vol.364 (6445), p.1052-1052 |
| issn | 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2179402905 |
| source | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| subjects | Age Angular velocity Astronomy Atmosphere Atmospheric models Cassini mission Catastrophic events Centrifugal force Clouds Deposition Earth Equator Evolution Flow profiles Free fall Gravitation Gravitational fields Gravity Jupiter Jupiter atmosphere Mass distribution Moon Moons Optical tracking Orbits Outer solar system Planetary rotation Planets Radial velocity RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY Saturn Saturn atmosphere Solar system Spacecraft Stellar winds Velocity Velocity distribution |
| title | Measurement and implications of Saturn’s gravity field and ring mass |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-01T15%3A53%3A05IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Measurement%20and%20implications%20of%20Saturn%E2%80%99s%20gravity%20field%20and%20ring%20mass&rft.jtitle=Science%20(American%20Association%20for%20the%20Advancement%20of%20Science)&rft.au=Iess,%20L.&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft.volume=364&rft.issue=6445&rft.spage=1052&rft.epage=1052&rft.pages=1052-1052&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft.eissn=1095-9203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126/science.aat2965&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E26681576%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2239787463&rft_id=info:pmid/30655447&rft_jstor_id=26681576&rfr_iscdi=true |