Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study
Background/aimTo quantify the impact of baseline presenting visual acuity (VA), refractive error and spectacles wear on subsequent academic performance among Chinese middle school children.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, school-based study on grade 7 Chinese children (age, mean±SD, 12.7±0.5 year...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | British journal of ophthalmology 2019-11, Vol.103 (11), p.1666-1671 |
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| creator | Jan, Catherine Li, Shi-Ming Kang, Meng-Tian Liu, Luoru Li, He Jin, Ling Qin, Xuezheng Congdon, Nathan Wang, Ningli |
| description | Background/aimTo quantify the impact of baseline presenting visual acuity (VA), refractive error and spectacles wear on subsequent academic performance among Chinese middle school children.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, school-based study on grade 7 Chinese children (age, mean±SD, 12.7±0.5 years, range=11.1–15.9) at four randomly selected middle schools in Anyang, China. Comprehensive eye examinations including cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline, and information on demographic characteristics, known risk factors for myopia and spectacle wear was collected. Academic test scores for all subjects in the curriculum were obtained from the local Bureau of Education. Main outcome measure was total test scores for five subjects at the end of grade 9, adjusted for total scored at the beginning of grade 7.ResultsAmong 2363 eligible children, 73.1% (1728/2363) had seventh grade test scores available. 93.9% (1623/1728) completed eye examinations, and 98.5% (1599/1623) of these had ninth grade test scores. Adjusting only for baseline test score, the following were significantly associated with higher ninth grade scores: younger age, male sex, less time outdoors, better baseline presenting VA, higher parental education and income and parental myopia, but refractive error and spectacle wear were not. In the full multivariate model, baseline test score (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313294 |
| format | Article |
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Comprehensive eye examinations including cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline, and information on demographic characteristics, known risk factors for myopia and spectacle wear was collected. Academic test scores for all subjects in the curriculum were obtained from the local Bureau of Education. Main outcome measure was total test scores for five subjects at the end of grade 9, adjusted for total scored at the beginning of grade 7.ResultsAmong 2363 eligible children, 73.1% (1728/2363) had seventh grade test scores available. 93.9% (1623/1728) completed eye examinations, and 98.5% (1599/1623) of these had ninth grade test scores. Adjusting only for baseline test score, the following were significantly associated with higher ninth grade scores: younger age, male sex, less time outdoors, better baseline presenting VA, higher parental education and income and parental myopia, but refractive error and spectacle wear were not. In the full multivariate model, baseline test score (p<0.001), presenting VA (p<0.01), age (p<0.001), quality of life (p<0.05) and parental education (p<0.001) and myopia (either: p<0.05; both: p<0.05) remained significantly associated with better ninth grade scores.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal study, better presenting VA, but not cycloplegic refractive error or spectacle wear, was significantly associated with subsequent academic performance.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1161</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2079</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313294</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30658989</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD</publisher><subject>Academic Performance ; Adolescent ; Child ; Children & youth ; Childrens health ; Cohort analysis ; Education ; Educational Status ; Eye examinations ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Learning ; Longitudinal studies ; Male ; Medical screening ; Middle schools ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies ; Public health ; Quality of Life ; Refraction, Ocular - physiology ; Refractive Errors - physiopathology ; Refractive Errors - therapy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Visual acuity ; Visual Acuity - physiology ; Visual impairment</subject><ispartof>British journal of ophthalmology, 2019-11, Vol.103 (11), p.1666-1671</ispartof><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><rights>2019 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b437t-ed7c1f6866072b4bb1e76262aeba1c1603205ba0348bd756a77058fe7161d2c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b437t-ed7c1f6866072b4bb1e76262aeba1c1603205ba0348bd756a77058fe7161d2c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2828-3260 ; 0000-0001-9866-3416</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30658989$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jan, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Shi-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Meng-Tian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Luoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Xuezheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Congdon, Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ningli</creatorcontrib><title>Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study</title><title>British journal of ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Br J Ophthalmol</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Background/aimTo quantify the impact of baseline presenting visual acuity (VA), refractive error and spectacles wear on subsequent academic performance among Chinese middle school children.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, school-based study on grade 7 Chinese children (age, mean±SD, 12.7±0.5 years, range=11.1–15.9) at four randomly selected middle schools in Anyang, China. Comprehensive eye examinations including cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline, and information on demographic characteristics, known risk factors for myopia and spectacle wear was collected. Academic test scores for all subjects in the curriculum were obtained from the local Bureau of Education. Main outcome measure was total test scores for five subjects at the end of grade 9, adjusted for total scored at the beginning of grade 7.ResultsAmong 2363 eligible children, 73.1% (1728/2363) had seventh grade test scores available. 93.9% (1623/1728) completed eye examinations, and 98.5% (1599/1623) of these had ninth grade test scores. Adjusting only for baseline test score, the following were significantly associated with higher ninth grade scores: younger age, male sex, less time outdoors, better baseline presenting VA, higher parental education and income and parental myopia, but refractive error and spectacle wear were not. In the full multivariate model, baseline test score (p<0.001), presenting VA (p<0.01), age (p<0.001), quality of life (p<0.05) and parental education (p<0.001) and myopia (either: p<0.05; both: p<0.05) remained significantly associated with better ninth grade scores.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal study, better presenting VA, but not cycloplegic refractive error or spectacle wear, was significantly associated with subsequent academic performance.]]></description><subject>Academic Performance</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Eye examinations</subject><subject>Eyeglasses</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Middle schools</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Quality of Life</subject><subject>Refraction, Ocular - physiology</subject><subject>Refractive Errors - physiopathology</subject><subject>Refractive Errors - therapy</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Visual acuity</subject><subject>Visual Acuity - physiology</subject><subject>Visual impairment</subject><issn>0007-1161</issn><issn>1468-2079</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkF1LwzAUhoMobk7_ggS88aaajzYf3g3xCwaC7L4kaUo72mU2yWT_3sxOEa-8Cjl5zjl5HwAgRjcYU3arV27ThEZ1vesygrDIKKZE5kdginMmUonLYzBFCPEMY4Yn4Mz7VboShvkpmFDECiGFnIK3uffOtCq0bg1dDbetj6qDysQ27OBHGxpoq2i-3lPdxWBcb_0dVHAzOL-xJrRbC41r3BCgD7HanYOTWnXeXhzOGVg-Pizvn7PF69PL_XyR6ZzykNmKG1wzwRjiROdaY8sZYURZrbDBDFGCCq0QzYWueMEU56gQteUpT0UMnYHrcWz6x3u0PpR9643tOrW2LvqSYC6p4JwUCb36g65cHFKeRFEkZSEl54kSI2VSMD_YutwMba-GXYlRudde_tZe7rWXo_bUenlYEHVvq5_Gb88JoCOg-9X_x34CfnGTDw</recordid><startdate>201911</startdate><enddate>201911</enddate><creator>Jan, Catherine</creator><creator>Li, Shi-Ming</creator><creator>Kang, Meng-Tian</creator><creator>Liu, Luoru</creator><creator>Li, He</creator><creator>Jin, Ling</creator><creator>Qin, Xuezheng</creator><creator>Congdon, Nathan</creator><creator>Wang, Ningli</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-3260</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-3416</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201911</creationdate><title>Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study</title><author>Jan, Catherine ; Li, Shi-Ming ; Kang, Meng-Tian ; Liu, Luoru ; Li, He ; Jin, Ling ; Qin, Xuezheng ; Congdon, Nathan ; Wang, Ningli</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b437t-ed7c1f6866072b4bb1e76262aeba1c1603205ba0348bd756a77058fe7161d2c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Academic Performance</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Eye examinations</topic><topic>Eyeglasses</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Learning</topic><topic>Longitudinal studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical screening</topic><topic>Middle schools</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Quality of Life</topic><topic>Refraction, Ocular - physiology</topic><topic>Refractive Errors - physiopathology</topic><topic>Refractive Errors - therapy</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Visual acuity</topic><topic>Visual Acuity - physiology</topic><topic>Visual impairment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jan, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Shi-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Meng-Tian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Luoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qin, Xuezheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Congdon, Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ningli</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>British journal of ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jan, Catherine</au><au>Li, Shi-Ming</au><au>Kang, Meng-Tian</au><au>Liu, Luoru</au><au>Li, He</au><au>Jin, Ling</au><au>Qin, Xuezheng</au><au>Congdon, Nathan</au><au>Wang, Ningli</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study</atitle><jtitle>British journal of ophthalmology</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2019-11</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>103</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1666</spage><epage>1671</epage><pages>1666-1671</pages><issn>0007-1161</issn><eissn>1468-2079</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Background/aimTo quantify the impact of baseline presenting visual acuity (VA), refractive error and spectacles wear on subsequent academic performance among Chinese middle school children.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, school-based study on grade 7 Chinese children (age, mean±SD, 12.7±0.5 years, range=11.1–15.9) at four randomly selected middle schools in Anyang, China. Comprehensive eye examinations including cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline, and information on demographic characteristics, known risk factors for myopia and spectacle wear was collected. Academic test scores for all subjects in the curriculum were obtained from the local Bureau of Education. Main outcome measure was total test scores for five subjects at the end of grade 9, adjusted for total scored at the beginning of grade 7.ResultsAmong 2363 eligible children, 73.1% (1728/2363) had seventh grade test scores available. 93.9% (1623/1728) completed eye examinations, and 98.5% (1599/1623) of these had ninth grade test scores. Adjusting only for baseline test score, the following were significantly associated with higher ninth grade scores: younger age, male sex, less time outdoors, better baseline presenting VA, higher parental education and income and parental myopia, but refractive error and spectacle wear were not. In the full multivariate model, baseline test score (p<0.001), presenting VA (p<0.01), age (p<0.001), quality of life (p<0.05) and parental education (p<0.001) and myopia (either: p<0.05; both: p<0.05) remained significantly associated with better ninth grade scores.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal study, better presenting VA, but not cycloplegic refractive error or spectacle wear, was significantly associated with subsequent academic performance.]]></abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</pub><pmid>30658989</pmid><doi>10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313294</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-3260</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-3416</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Academic Performance Adolescent Child Children & youth Childrens health Cohort analysis Education Educational Status Eye examinations Eyeglasses Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Learning Longitudinal studies Male Medical screening Middle schools Pediatrics Prospective Studies Public health Quality of Life Refraction, Ocular - physiology Refractive Errors - physiopathology Refractive Errors - therapy Socioeconomic Factors Students Surveys and Questionnaires Visual acuity Visual Acuity - physiology Visual impairment |
| title | Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study |
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